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Energy Information Administration
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The United States Energy Information Administration (EIA), created by Congress in 1977, is the independent statistical agency within the U.S. Department of Energy. EIA's mission is to provide policy-independent data, forecasts, and analyses to promote sound policy making, efficient markets, and public understanding regarding energy and its interaction with the economy and the environment.
The agency collects data on energy reserves, production, consumption, distribution, prices, technology, and related international, economic, and financial matters.
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Encyclopedia
The United States Energy Information Administration (EIA), created by Congress in 1977, is the independent statistical agency within the U.S. Department of Energy. EIA's mission is to provide policy-independent data, forecasts, and analyses to promote sound policy making, efficient markets, and public understanding regarding energy and its interaction with the economy and the environment.
The agency collects data on energy reserves, production, consumption, distribution, prices, technology, and related international, economic, and financial matters. This information is disseminated as policy-independent data, forecasts, and analyses. EIA publishes long- and short-term energy forecasts. EIA programs cover data on coal, petroleum, natural gas, electric, renewable and nuclear energy.
Independence
By law, EIA's products are prepared independently of policy considerations. EIA neither formulates nor advocates any policy conclusions. The Department of Energy Organization Act allows EIA's processes and products to be independent from review by Executive Branch officials; specifically Section 205(d) says:
"The Administrator shall not be required to obtain the approval of any other officer or employee of the Department in connection with the collection or analysis of any information; nor shall the Administrator be required, prior to publication, to obtain the approval of any other officer or employee of the United States with respect to the substance of any statistical or forecasting technical reports which he has prepared in accordance with law."
Products, Publications, and Databases
More than 2 million people use EIA's information online each month. EIA's most popular products include:
- : Weekly summary and explanation of events in U.S. and world petroleum markets.
- : Weekly price data for U.S. national and regional averages.
- : Data through 2006 by country, region, and commercial group (OECD, OPEC) for 215 countries and in-depth analysis for 151 countries.
- : Energy projections for the next 18 months, updated monthly.
- : Projection and analysis of U.S. energy supply, demand, and prices through 2030 based on EIA's National Energy Modeling System. Projections are always based on current legislation.
- : EIA's assessment of the outlook for international energy markets through 2030.
- : Provides statistics on monthly and annual U.S. national energy consumption going back approximately 30 years, broken down by source in downloadable PDF. The figures are given in units of quads (quadrillion BTUs.)
- : EIA's primary report of historical annual energy statistics. For many series, data begins with the year 1949.
- : EIA's in-depth analyses of energy production, consumption, imports, and exports for more than 50 individual countries and regions.
Legislation Affecting EIA
The Federal Energy Administration Act of 1974, Public Law 93-275, as amended, created the first U.S. agency with the primary focus on energy and mandated it to collect, assemble, evaluate, and analyze energy information. It also provided FEA with data collection enforcement authority for gathering data from energy producing and major consuming firms. Section 52 of the FEA Act mandated establishment of the National Energy Information System to
"…contain such energy information as is necessary to carry out the Administration’s statistical and forecasting activities…"
The Department of Energy Organization Act of 1977, Public Law 95-91, created the Department of Energy. Section 205 of this law established the Energy Information Administration (EIA) to carry out a
. . . central, comprehensive, and unified energy data and information program which will collect, evaluate, assemble, analyze, and disseminate data and information which is relevant to energy resource reserves, energy production, demand, and technology, and related economic and statistical information, or which is relevant to the adequacy of energy resources to meet demands in the near and longer term future for the Nation’s economic and social needs.
The same law established that EIA's processes and products are independent from review by Executive Branch officials.
The majority of EIA energy data surveys are based on the general mandates set forth above. However, there are some surveys specifically mandated by law, including:
- EIA-28, - Section 205(h) of the DOE Organization Act.
- EIA-1605 and 1605EZ, - Section 1605(b) of the Energy Policy Act of 1992.
- EIA-886, - Section 503(b) of the Energy Policy Act of 1992.
- EIA-858, - Section 1015 of the Energy Policy Act of 1992.
- EIA-846A-C, - Section 205(i) of the DOE Organization Act (the Act calls for a biennial survey; however, this survey is done quadrennially due to resource constraints).
- EIA-457A-G, - Section 205(k) of the DOE Organization Act (the Act calls for a triennial survey; however, this survey is done quadrennially due to resource constraints).
- EIA-871A-F, - Section 205(k) of the DOE Organization Act (the Act calls for a triennial survey; however, this survey is done quadrennially due to resource constraints).
- Petroleum Marketing Surveys - Section 507 of Part A of Title V of the Energy Policy and Conservation Act of 1975 broadly directs EIA to collect information on the pricing, supply, and distribution of petroleum products by product category at the wholesale and retail levels, on a State-by-State basis, which was collected as of September 1, 1981, by the Energy Information Administration.
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