Emulin
Encyclopedia
Emulin is a proprietary, over-the-counter combination of three specific flavonoids in a specific ratio which manages carbohydrate metabolism
in mammals. The components of Emulin have been shown to inhibit the conversion of complex carbohydrates
to simple sugars, reduce the absorption of glucose from the gut to the bloodstream, stimulate the absorption of glucose from the bloodstream to muscle tissue, inhibit gluconeogenesis by the liver, increase lypolysis in fat tissue, increase insulin sensitivity by increasing glucose transporters in muscle tissue in the presence of insulin
, and increase insulin release from pancreatic tissue by blocking the inhibitor TNF alpha. Emulin was created in 2007 and is a registered trademark of ATM Metabolics LLC.
. Those benefits include being an excellent source of fiber, which means grapefruit helps prevent constipation and may reduce the risk of colon cancer. Grapefruit also helps lower cholesterol levels; is low in fat; and is an excellent component of a heart-healthy diet. Grapefruit has been widely associated with weight loss
and has been the focus of a number of diet plans and products.
In 2001, Daryl L. Thompson
, a food and bio-chemist, approached M. Joseph Ahrens
, PhD, then director of research for the Florida Department of Citrus, about conducting a study on grapefruit and weight loss to prove or disprove the efficacy of grapefruit as a weight loss tool. A study using grapefruit juice, fresh grapefruit, and dehydrated powdered grapefruit employing subjects with metabolic syndrome was conducted by Dr. Ken Fujioka. at the Scripps Clinic, San Diego, CA Without changing their diets, the study subjects experienced weight loss and decreased insulin resistance, although the mechanism was unknown. The desire to uncover that underlying physiological mechanism drove Ahrens and Thompson to join forces in 2003.
Observing that natural citrus juices and other tropical fruit were higher in sugar than soft drinks yet consumption did not appear to lead to weight gain or diabetes, the researchers theorized that some component in tropical fruit had a direct effect on carbohydrate metabolism. If the active compound(s) could be identified, it could be used as a food supplement or medical food
for weight management
and the treatment of metabolic syndrome
. Moreover, the possibility existed that, as a natural ingredient extracted from plants, it could be added to food
and beverages to manage or buffer the recognized impact of refined carbohydrates in the diet
.
Ahrens and Thompson identified a group of three phytochemicals that, through overlapping metabolic effects, appeared to address most of the metabolic disorders in the “Ominous Octet” identified by Dr. Ralph DeFronzo. Because this combination emulated insulin at several key enzymatic control points and increased insulin sensitivity, it was trademarked Emulin. ATM Metabolics LLC was formed to commercialize its discovery.
. Emulin could be added universally to foods and beverages, much as folate is added to bread to prevent birth defects. Emulin could also be taken as a nutraceutical to manage weight and to treat, prevent, and reverse diabetes and metabolic syndrome. It could also be developed as a drug or combined with existing drugs for acute diabetes treatment.
Laboratory on STZ-treated rats indicated that fasting, two hour postprandial, and area under the curve (AUC) blood glucose could be reduced by up to 27 percent.
and half on no medication, were given either a placebo or Emulin. Emulin caused a drop in fasting, two hour postprandial
, and area under the curve (AUC) blood glucose by up to approximately 15 percent at one week, outperforming the results of those subjects on Metformin alone. When taken with Emulin, Metformin’s efficacy
increased ten-fold, causing a drop of up to 28 percent in the fasting, two hour postprandial, and AUC blood glucose parameters.
Emulin re-crystallized with regular table sugar (sucrose
) is planned for release as a “diabetic sugar” in summer 2011.
Carbohydrate metabolism
Carbohydrate metabolism denotes the various biochemical processes responsible for the formation, breakdown and interconversion of carbohydrates in living organisms....
in mammals. The components of Emulin have been shown to inhibit the conversion of complex carbohydrates
Complex carbohydrates
Complex carbohydrates may refer to:*oligosaccharides, a saccharide polymer containing a small number of component sugars...
to simple sugars, reduce the absorption of glucose from the gut to the bloodstream, stimulate the absorption of glucose from the bloodstream to muscle tissue, inhibit gluconeogenesis by the liver, increase lypolysis in fat tissue, increase insulin sensitivity by increasing glucose transporters in muscle tissue in the presence of insulin
Insulin
Insulin is a hormone central to regulating carbohydrate and fat metabolism in the body. Insulin causes cells in the liver, muscle, and fat tissue to take up glucose from the blood, storing it as glycogen in the liver and muscle....
, and increase insulin release from pancreatic tissue by blocking the inhibitor TNF alpha. Emulin was created in 2007 and is a registered trademark of ATM Metabolics LLC.
History and Development
The origins of Emulin are rooted in the health benefits of grapefruitGrapefruit
The grapefruit , is a subtropical citrus tree known for its sour fruit, an 18th-century hybrid first bred in Barbados. When found, it was named the "forbidden fruit"; it has also been misidentified with the pomelo or shaddock , one of the parents of this hybrid, the other being sweet orange The...
. Those benefits include being an excellent source of fiber, which means grapefruit helps prevent constipation and may reduce the risk of colon cancer. Grapefruit also helps lower cholesterol levels; is low in fat; and is an excellent component of a heart-healthy diet. Grapefruit has been widely associated with weight loss
Weight loss
Weight loss, in the context of medicine, health or physical fitness, is a reduction of the total body mass, due to a mean loss of fluid, body fat or adipose tissue and/or lean mass, namely bone mineral deposits, muscle, tendon and other connective tissue...
and has been the focus of a number of diet plans and products.
In 2001, Daryl L. Thompson
Daryl L. Thompson
Daryl L. Thompson is an American inventor and entrepreneur whose work focuses on health, wellness, and disease prevention.- Life and career :Since 2006, Daryl L...
, a food and bio-chemist, approached M. Joseph Ahrens
M. Joseph Ahrens
M. Joseph Ahrens, PhD, is an American entrepreneur, scientist, and inventor whose work focuses on research, product development, business development, and operations in agriculture and food industries.- Career :...
, PhD, then director of research for the Florida Department of Citrus, about conducting a study on grapefruit and weight loss to prove or disprove the efficacy of grapefruit as a weight loss tool. A study using grapefruit juice, fresh grapefruit, and dehydrated powdered grapefruit employing subjects with metabolic syndrome was conducted by Dr. Ken Fujioka. at the Scripps Clinic, San Diego, CA Without changing their diets, the study subjects experienced weight loss and decreased insulin resistance, although the mechanism was unknown. The desire to uncover that underlying physiological mechanism drove Ahrens and Thompson to join forces in 2003.
Observing that natural citrus juices and other tropical fruit were higher in sugar than soft drinks yet consumption did not appear to lead to weight gain or diabetes, the researchers theorized that some component in tropical fruit had a direct effect on carbohydrate metabolism. If the active compound(s) could be identified, it could be used as a food supplement or medical food
Medical food
Medical foods are foods that are specially formulated and intended for the dietary management of a disease that has distinctive nutritional needs that cannot be met by normal diet alone...
for weight management
Weight Management
Weight management is a long-term approach to a healthy lifestyle. It includes a balance of healthy eating and physical exercise to equate energy expenditure and energy intake. Developing healthy eating habits while using tips that will keep us fuller longer can be useful tools in weight management...
and the treatment of metabolic syndrome
Metabolic syndrome
Metabolic syndrome is a combination of medical disorders that, when occurring together, increase the risk of developing cardiovascular disease and diabetes. It affects one in five people in the United States and prevalence increases with age...
. Moreover, the possibility existed that, as a natural ingredient extracted from plants, it could be added to food
Food
Food is any substance consumed to provide nutritional support for the body. It is usually of plant or animal origin, and contains essential nutrients, such as carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, or minerals...
and beverages to manage or buffer the recognized impact of refined carbohydrates in the diet
Diet
Diet, in relation to food, might mean:*Diet , the sum of the food consumed by an organism or group*Dieting, the deliberate selection of food to control body weight or nutrient intake*Diet food, foods that aid in dieting...
.
Ahrens and Thompson identified a group of three phytochemicals that, through overlapping metabolic effects, appeared to address most of the metabolic disorders in the “Ominous Octet” identified by Dr. Ralph DeFronzo. Because this combination emulated insulin at several key enzymatic control points and increased insulin sensitivity, it was trademarked Emulin. ATM Metabolics LLC was formed to commercialize its discovery.
Applications
Researchers theorize that through the carbohydrate refining process the components of Emulin have been left out of modern diets, a deficiency which contributes to diabetes and obesityObesity
Obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that it may have an adverse effect on health, leading to reduced life expectancy and/or increased health problems...
. Emulin could be added universally to foods and beverages, much as folate is added to bread to prevent birth defects. Emulin could also be taken as a nutraceutical to manage weight and to treat, prevent, and reverse diabetes and metabolic syndrome. It could also be developed as a drug or combined with existing drugs for acute diabetes treatment.
Early Trials and Animal Studies
Initial pre-clinical trials on human volunteers with type 2 diabetes on a regimen of insulin suggest that, through the consumption of Emulin, insulin resistance could be overcome and fasting blood glucose could be reduced by 25 percent. A 2007 study on Emulin use conducted by EurofinsEurofins Scientific
Eurofins is an international group of laboratories providing testing and support services to the pharmaceutical, food, environmental and consumer products industries and to governments...
Laboratory on STZ-treated rats indicated that fasting, two hour postprandial, and area under the curve (AUC) blood glucose could be reduced by up to 27 percent.
Human Clinical Studies
A double blind, placebo-controlled phase one clinical study on humans was conducted by Diabetes & Glandular Disease Clinic, a contract research organization, in 2008. Forty individuals with type 2 diabetes, half on MetforminMetformin
Metformin is an oral antidiabetic drug in the biguanide class. It is the first-line drug of choice for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, in particular, in overweight and obese people and those with normal kidney function. Its use in gestational diabetes has been limited by safety concerns...
and half on no medication, were given either a placebo or Emulin. Emulin caused a drop in fasting, two hour postprandial
Postprandial
Postprandial means after eating a meal while preprandial is before a meal.-Usages of the term:This term is used in many contexts but also in relation to blood sugar levels, which are normally measured 2 hours after and before eating in a postprandial glucose test...
, and area under the curve (AUC) blood glucose by up to approximately 15 percent at one week, outperforming the results of those subjects on Metformin alone. When taken with Emulin, Metformin’s efficacy
Efficacy
Efficacy is the capacity to produce an effect. It has different specific meanings in different fields. In medicine, it is the ability of an intervention or drug to reproduce a desired effect in expert hands and under ideal circumstances.- Healthcare :...
increased ten-fold, causing a drop of up to 28 percent in the fasting, two hour postprandial, and AUC blood glucose parameters.
Formulations and Availability
Emulin is available in 250 mg capsules sold under the trade name GC7X and with added caffeine as GC7X Surge. It became available to the public in January 2011.Emulin re-crystallized with regular table sugar (sucrose
Sucrose
Sucrose is the organic compound commonly known as table sugar and sometimes called saccharose. A white, odorless, crystalline powder with a sweet taste, it is best known for its role in human nutrition. The molecule is a disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose with the molecular formula...
) is planned for release as a “diabetic sugar” in summer 2011.