Emperor Hailingwang of Jin

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Emperor Hailingwang of Jin

Emperor Hailingwang of Jin (1122 - 1161) was from 1149 to 1161 emperor of the Jin Dynasty which controlled northern China

China

China is a Culture of China, an ancient civilization, and, depending on perspective, a national or multinational entity extending over a large area in East Asia....
. His birth name was Wányán Liàng, or in Jurchen, Digunai. He promoted the policy of sinicization

Sinicization

Sinicization, Sinicisation or Sinification, is the language Cultural assimilation or cultural assimilation of terms and concepts into the Chinese language and Chinese culture of China....
of Jurchens

Jurchens

The Jurchens were a Tungusic peoples who inhabited the region of Manchuria until the 17th century, when they adopted the name Manchu. They established the Jin Dynasty between 1115 and 1122; it lasted until 1234 when the Mongols arrived....
, which was partially reversed by his successor, emperor Shizong of Jin.

Wanyan Liang was a son of Wanyan Woben, who in his turn was a son of the dynasty's founder Wanyan Aguda

Wanyan Aguda

Wanyan Aguda was the chieftain of the Jurchen Wanyan tribe, founder and first emperor of the Jin Dynasty . He was the younger brother of Wanyan Wuyashu and the descendant of Hanpu....
.

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Emperor Hailingwang of Jin (1122 - 1161) was from 1149 to 1161 emperor of the Jin Dynasty which controlled northern China

China

Sinicization

Jurchens

Wanyan Aguda

Wanyan Aguda was the chieftain of the Jurchen Wanyan tribe, founder and first emperor of the Jin Dynasty . He was the younger brother of Wanyan Wuyashu and the descendant of Hanpu....
. Liang's father, Woben, was described as the most influential man during the reign of Liang's predecessor, Wanyan Dan.

Wanyan Liang, himself a marshal under Wanyan Dan, killed the emperor and usurped the throne in 1149. As a usurper of the Jin throne, Hailing was suspicious of other members of the Jurchen aristocracy, and, immediately upon seizing the power, started assassinating or executing potential rivals. In a mass execution of several aristocratic families, the lineage of Wanyan Wuqimai

Emperor Taizong of Jin

Emperor Taizong of Jin was emperor of the Jin Dynasty which ruled northern China from 1123 to 1134. His birth name was W?ny?n W?qimai and his reign name was Tianhu? ....
was exterminated, to secure the position of the lineage of Wuqimai's brother Aguda

Wanyan Aguda

Wanyan Aguda was the chieftain of the Jurchen Wanyan tribe, founder and first emperor of the Jin Dynasty . He was the younger brother of Wanyan Wuyashu and the descendant of Hanpu....
, to which Hailing himself belonged.

Capitalizing on the Jin Empire's being recognized as the "superior" state by other powers of the region after its victory over Song

Song Dynasty

The Song Dynasty was a ruling Chinese dynasty in China between 960–1279 AD; it succeeded the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period, and was followed by the Yuan Dynasty....
had been formalized in 1141, Hailing embarked on a program of making Jin Empire the Chinese Empire. To legitimize himself as a Chinese ruler, he lifted (1150) Wuqimai

Emperor Taizong of Jin

Emperor Taizong of Jin was emperor of the Jin Dynasty which ruled northern China from 1123 to 1134. His birth name was W?ny?n W?qimai and his reign name was Tianhu? ....
's prohibition of wearing Chinese dress, and adopted an array of Chinese practices and institutions, such as holding of sacrificial ceremonies in the northern and southern suburbs of his capital (1149) (cf. ceremonies conducted at the Temple of Earth

Temple of Earth

The Temple of the Earth in Beijing, China, is located in the northern part of Beijing, around the Andingmen area and just outside of Beijing's second ring road....
and Temple of Heaven

Temple of Heaven

The Temple of Heaven, literally the Altar of Heaven is a complex of Taoism buildings situated in southeastern urban Beijing, in Xuanwu District, Beijing....
in Beijing under Ming

Ming Dynasty

The Ming Dynasty , or Empire of the Great Ming , was the ruling Dynasties in Chinese history of China from 1368 to 1644, following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan Dynasty....
and Qing

Qing Dynasty

The Qing Dynasty , also known as the Manchu Dynasty, followed the Ming Dynasty in History of China, and was the last ruling Chinese Dynasties of China, ruling from 1644 to 1912 ....
), the use of the imperial carriage (1151), a system of feudal rights (1156), and the Song's shan-hu style of court ceremonies (1157). Hailing introduced palace examinations (1150) and set up the Imperial Academy (Guozijian
Guozijian

The Guozijian , the School of the Sons of State sometimes called the Imperial Central School, Imperial Academy or Imperial College was the national central institute of learning in Chinese dynasties after the Sui dynasty....
) in 1151. In his pursuit to become the "real Chinese", entitled to rule all over the Heavenly Kingdom, Hailing moved his court from the original Jurchen capital, Huining

Huining Fu

Huining Fu was a prefecture in the Shangjing region of Manchuria . It served as the first superior capital of the Jin Dynasty between 1122 to 1234 ....
to Yanjing (modern Beijing

Beijing

is a metropolis in northern China and the Capital of the People's Republic of China. It is one of the four municipality of China, which are equivalent to province in China's Political divisions of China....
) in 1153, and later on (1157) ordered to destroy the palaces in Huining

Huining Fu

Huining Fu was a prefecture in the Shangjing region of Manchuria . It served as the first superior capital of the Jin Dynasty between 1122 to 1234 ....
.

In contrast to China's Tang

Tang Dynasty

The Tang Dynasty was an Dynasties in Chinese history preceded by the Sui Dynasty and followed by the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period. It was founded by the Li family, who seized power during the decline and collapse of the Sui Empire....
and Song traditions, which rarely imposed corporal punishment on the members of the society's educated elites, Hailing continued the Khitan

Khitan

The history of the Khitans dates back to the 4th century. The Khitan people dominated much of Mongolia, and modern Manchuria by the 10th century under the Liao Dynasty, and eventually collapsed by 1125 ....
and Jurchen tradition of floggings with a gusto, sometimes enjoying personally watching his officials and court members - including prime ministers, censors, and a princess - beaten with poles or whips.

Hailing's attempts to conquer the Southern Song and unify China under his rule ended in failure, his fleet defeated by the Song (1161) at Tangdao

Battle of Tangdao

The naval Battle of Tangdao took place in 1161 between the Jurchen Jin Dynasty and the Southern Song Dynasty of China on the East China Sea. It was an attempt by the Jin to invade and conquer the Southern Song Dynasty, yet resulted in failure and defeat for the Jurchens....
and Caishi

Battle of Caishi

The naval Battle of Caishi took place in 1161 and was the result of an attempt by forces of the Jurchen Jin Dynasty to cross the Yangtze River, thus beginning an invasion of Southern Song Dynasty....
, many of his officers defecting, and population rebelling in some areas.. The emperor was killed by one his officers, and Hailing's cousin Wanyan Wulu, who had led a major rebellion against him, was proclaimed the new ruler.

Reign Periods

Tiandé ?? 1149-1153
Zhènyuán ?? 1153-1156
Zhènglóng ?? 1156-1161

Literature

Jing-shen Tao, The Jurchen in Twelfth-Century China. University of Washington Press, 1976, ISBN 0-295-95514-7.