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Elastography
 
 
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Elastography is a non-invasive method in which stiffness or strain image
Image

An image is an artifact, usually two-dimensional , that has a similar appearance to some subject —usually a physical object or a person....
s of soft tissue
Soft tissue

In medicine, the term soft tissue refers to Tissue that connect, support, or surround other structures and Organ s of the body.Soft tissue includes tendons, ligaments, fascia, Fibrous connective tissue, fat, and synovial membranes , and muscles, nerves and blood vessels ....
 are used to detect or classify tumors. A tumor or a suspicious cancer
Cancer

Cancer is a class of diseases in which a group of cell display uncontrolled growth , invasion , and sometimes metastasis . These three malignant properties of cancers differentiate them from benign tumors, which are self-limited, do not invade or metastasize....
ous growth is normally 5-28 times stiffer than the background of normal soft tissue. When a mechanical compression or vibration is applied, the tumor deforms less than the surrounding tissue. i.e. the strain in the tumor is less than the surrounding tissue.

Medical Imaging
Ultrasonic
Ultrasound

Ultrasound is cyclic sound pressure with a frequency greater than the upper limit of human hearing . Although this limit varies from person to person, it is approximately 20 Hertz in healthy, young adults and thus, 20 kHz serves as a useful lower limit in describing ultrasound....
 imaging is the most common medical imaging technique for producing elastograms. Some research has been conducted using magnetic resonance elastography (MRE)
Magnetic resonance elastography

Magnetic resonance elastography is a medical imaging technique that images propagating mechanical waves using MRI. It non-invasive measures the stiffness of biological tissues....
 and computed tomography
Computed tomography

Computed tomography is a medical imaging method employing tomography. Geometry Processing is used to generate a stereoscopy of the inside of an object from a large series of two-dimensional X-ray images taken around a single axis of rotation....
.






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Encyclopedia


Elastography is a non-invasive method in which stiffness or strain image
Image

An image is an artifact, usually two-dimensional , that has a similar appearance to some subject —usually a physical object or a person....
s of soft tissue
Soft tissue

In medicine, the term soft tissue refers to Tissue that connect, support, or surround other structures and Organ s of the body.Soft tissue includes tendons, ligaments, fascia, Fibrous connective tissue, fat, and synovial membranes , and muscles, nerves and blood vessels ....
 are used to detect or classify tumors. A tumor or a suspicious cancer
Cancer

Cancer is a class of diseases in which a group of cell display uncontrolled growth , invasion , and sometimes metastasis . These three malignant properties of cancers differentiate them from benign tumors, which are self-limited, do not invade or metastasize....
ous growth is normally 5-28 times stiffer than the background of normal soft tissue. When a mechanical compression or vibration is applied, the tumor deforms less than the surrounding tissue. i.e. the strain in the tumor is less than the surrounding tissue.

Medical Imaging


Ultrasonic
Ultrasound

Ultrasound is cyclic sound pressure with a frequency greater than the upper limit of human hearing . Although this limit varies from person to person, it is approximately 20 Hertz in healthy, young adults and thus, 20 kHz serves as a useful lower limit in describing ultrasound....
 imaging is the most common medical imaging technique for producing elastograms. Some research has been conducted using magnetic resonance elastography (MRE)
Magnetic resonance elastography

Magnetic resonance elastography is a medical imaging technique that images propagating mechanical waves using MRI. It non-invasive measures the stiffness of biological tissues....
 and computed tomography
Computed tomography

Computed tomography is a medical imaging method employing tomography. Geometry Processing is used to generate a stereoscopy of the inside of an object from a large series of two-dimensional X-ray images taken around a single axis of rotation....
. However, using ultrasound has the advantages of being cheaper and faster than MRI techniques.

Transient elastography is used for example to measure the stiffness of the liver in vivo (FibroScan, Echosens, France). It is an alternative noninvasive method to liver biopsy
Liver biopsy

Liver biopsy is the biopsy from the liver. It is a medical test that is done to aid medical diagnosis of liver disease, to assess the severity of known liver disease, and to monitor the progress of treatment....
. A correlation between liver elasticity and the fibrosis score (or cirrhosis
Cirrhosis

Cirrhosis is a consequence of chronic liver disease characterized by replacement of liver Tissue by fibrous scar tissue as well as regenerative Nodule , leading to progressive loss of liver function....
) has been shown.

Mathematical Description


Pre-compression images are correlated to post-compression images, resulting in regions of large and small change in position. This is called the shift-diagram. The derivative of the shift will produce the strain diagram.