El Mundo (Argentina)
Encyclopedia
El Mundo was a daily morning paper published in Buenos Aires
, Argentina
by Editorial Haynes. It was launched on 14 May 1928 and circulated until mid-1967, when there was an unsuccessful attempt to convert it into an evening paper.
An important factor in the life of this newspaper was that it was in circulation during the Infamous Decade
(1930 - 1943).
, Albert Haynes, who came to Argentina in 1887 to work for the British-owned Buenos Aires Western Railway
. Deciding to settle, he entered into publishing, launching the magazine El Hogar (the Home), which became a great success.
His company launched other magazines which were advanced for the period, with bold design and images. On 29 December 1923, Editorial Haynes opened their main building on Río de Janeiro and Bogotá Streets, in Buenos Aires, installing modern printing machinery.
The first attempt by Haynes to start a daily newspaper named El Mundo did not succeed. However, on 24 May 1928 the company re-launched El Mundo in a tabloid format that was easy to read on the trams, full of pictures, much cheaper than other papers and with a weekly competition for a prize of $1,000 depending on the football results.
Albert Haynes died of a syncope
on 21 June 1929, by which time the newspaper was already establishing a strong readership.
He was succeeded by his son-in-law, British-born Henry Wesley Smith, who ran the newspaper until it was expropriated and taken over by the Alea state consortium in 1939. Throughout this period, the paper lent quiet support to British interests in Argentina.
Pablo Mastandrea (11 February 1906 - 29 November 1976), of anarchist ideology, worked in Haynes Publishing for decades as a typesetter, along with Don Emilio Mulli. Both were militant union delegates who stood up for the rights of the workers during the infamous decade (1930 - 1943).
This period was characterized by electoral fraud
, persecution of the political opposition (mainly against the UCR) and generalised government corruption, against the background of the Great Depression
. The company firmly rebuked Mastandrea, who was not supported by other delegates and therefore chose not to continue the fight.
The writer Roberto Arlt Porteñas wrote a weekly column "Aguafuertes" ("Etchings") that appeared in the paper from 1928 until his death in 1942.
Arlt used these columns to comment, in his characteristically forthright and unpretentious style, on the peculiarities, hypocrisies, strangeness and beauty of everyday life in Argentina's capital. These articles included occasional exposés of public institutions, such as the juvenile justice system (Escuela primaria de delincuencia, 26–29 September 1932) or the Public Health System. Some of the "Aguafuertes" were collected in two volumes under the titles Secretos femeninos, Aguafuertes inéditas, and Tratado de delincuencia. Aguafuertes inéditas were edited by Sergio Olguín and published by Ediciones 12 and Página/12
in 1996.
The comic strip Piantadino
created by Adolfo Mazzone
first appeared in the newspaper in 1941.
's was elected President in 1946, he was eager to control the press to avoid more of the coups supported by Argentine journalism that had occurred since 1930. Editorial Haynes was then owned by the Haynes family member Henry Wesley Smith.
Early in 1949, the Peronists acquired a majority stake in Editorial Haynes, which at that time published ten periodicals. El Mundo, and all other Haynes publications, were forced to become Peronist. Major Carlos Aloe, a friend of Eva Perón
, was made head of the enterprise at Eva's personal request, despite his protests that he knew nothing about the business.
The paper became an organ of Peronist propaganda, and any editorial staff who did not hold a Partido Justicialista membership card were summarily dismissed..
of 1955, the paper remained government-controlled, but entered into a new era of journalism under writers such as Bernardo Neustadt, Ulíses Barrera, Ricardo Arias, Víctor Sueiro, Jacobo Timerman
, Horacio Verbitsky
and many more. In May 1960, José Ber Gelbard
called on Jacobo Timerman
to undertake a renewal of the old El Mundo newspaper, which was bought by a group of businessmen said to be linked to the Communist Party.
The new owners were the heads of Radio Rivadavia, Minera Aluminé and Banco Buenos Aires.
The paper then went through various changes of ownership and editor. In these later years, the paper took a balanced political stance and was opposed to the Argentine Revolution of 1966, a military coup. Following the coup, the company was gradually run down, a process carried out by the dictator Juan Carlos Onganía
and Roberto Noble
, owner of the newspaper Clarín
. After a year without paying salaries (except sporadic fortnightly payments every 2 to 4 months) the newspaper was closed in late 1967; the last issue appeared on 22 December of that year.
The brand was acquired by a group linked to the PRT (Partido Revolucionario de los Trabajadores, or Workers' Revolutionary Party) and the ERP (Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo
or People's Revolutionary Army), who published a successor in 1973 and 1974, when it was closed again. This successor was not connected to the earlier paper, being printed at a different place and with completely different staff.
Buenos Aires
Buenos Aires is the capital and largest city of Argentina, and the second-largest metropolitan area in South America, after São Paulo. It is located on the western shore of the estuary of the Río de la Plata, on the southeastern coast of the South American continent...
, Argentina
Argentina
Argentina , officially the Argentine Republic , is the second largest country in South America by land area, after Brazil. It is constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city, Buenos Aires...
by Editorial Haynes. It was launched on 14 May 1928 and circulated until mid-1967, when there was an unsuccessful attempt to convert it into an evening paper.
An important factor in the life of this newspaper was that it was in circulation during the Infamous Decade
Infamous Decade
The Infamous Decade in Argentina is the name given to the period of time that started in 1930 with the coup d'état against President Hipólito Yrigoyen by José Félix Uriburu...
(1930 - 1943).
Editorial Haynes
Editorial Haynes (Haynes Publishing) was founded by an EnglishmanEnglish people
The English are a nation and ethnic group native to England, who speak English. The English identity is of early mediaeval origin, when they were known in Old English as the Anglecynn. England is now a country of the United Kingdom, and the majority of English people in England are British Citizens...
, Albert Haynes, who came to Argentina in 1887 to work for the British-owned Buenos Aires Western Railway
Buenos Aires Western Railway
The Buenos Aires Western Railway was one of the Big Four broad gauge British-owned companies that built and operated railway networks in Argentina...
. Deciding to settle, he entered into publishing, launching the magazine El Hogar (the Home), which became a great success.
His company launched other magazines which were advanced for the period, with bold design and images. On 29 December 1923, Editorial Haynes opened their main building on Río de Janeiro and Bogotá Streets, in Buenos Aires, installing modern printing machinery.
The first attempt by Haynes to start a daily newspaper named El Mundo did not succeed. However, on 24 May 1928 the company re-launched El Mundo in a tabloid format that was easy to read on the trams, full of pictures, much cheaper than other papers and with a weekly competition for a prize of $1,000 depending on the football results.
Albert Haynes died of a syncope
Syncope (medicine)
Syncope , the medical term for fainting, is precisely defined as a transient loss of consciousness and postural tone characterized by rapid onset, short duration, and spontaneous recovery due to global cerebral hypoperfusion that most often results from hypotension.Many forms of syncope are...
on 21 June 1929, by which time the newspaper was already establishing a strong readership.
He was succeeded by his son-in-law, British-born Henry Wesley Smith, who ran the newspaper until it was expropriated and taken over by the Alea state consortium in 1939. Throughout this period, the paper lent quiet support to British interests in Argentina.
Pablo Mastandrea (11 February 1906 - 29 November 1976), of anarchist ideology, worked in Haynes Publishing for decades as a typesetter, along with Don Emilio Mulli. Both were militant union delegates who stood up for the rights of the workers during the infamous decade (1930 - 1943).
This period was characterized by electoral fraud
Electoral fraud
Electoral fraud is illegal interference with the process of an election. Acts of fraud affect vote counts to bring about an election result, whether by increasing the vote share of the favored candidate, depressing the vote share of the rival candidates or both...
, persecution of the political opposition (mainly against the UCR) and generalised government corruption, against the background of the Great Depression
Great Depression
The Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic depression in the decade preceding World War II. The timing of the Great Depression varied across nations, but in most countries it started in about 1929 and lasted until the late 1930s or early 1940s...
. The company firmly rebuked Mastandrea, who was not supported by other delegates and therefore chose not to continue the fight.
The writer Roberto Arlt Porteñas wrote a weekly column "Aguafuertes" ("Etchings") that appeared in the paper from 1928 until his death in 1942.
Arlt used these columns to comment, in his characteristically forthright and unpretentious style, on the peculiarities, hypocrisies, strangeness and beauty of everyday life in Argentina's capital. These articles included occasional exposés of public institutions, such as the juvenile justice system (Escuela primaria de delincuencia, 26–29 September 1932) or the Public Health System. Some of the "Aguafuertes" were collected in two volumes under the titles Secretos femeninos, Aguafuertes inéditas, and Tratado de delincuencia. Aguafuertes inéditas were edited by Sergio Olguín and published by Ediciones 12 and Página/12
Página/12
Página/12 is a newspaper based in Buenos Aires, Argentina.Página/12 was founded on May 25, 1987, by journalist Jorge Lanata in association with writer Osvaldo Soriano and investigative journalist Horacio Verbitsky...
in 1996.
The comic strip Piantadino
Piantadino
Piantadino is a 1950 Argentine Spanish language comedy film directed by Francisco Múgica.The film is based on the cartoon character of the same name created by Adolfo Mazzone.-Comic strip character:...
created by Adolfo Mazzone
Adolfo Mazzone
Adolfo Mazzone was a prolific Argentine comics artist and humorist. His characters included the convict Piantadino, who became the subject of a 1950 film, and Mi Sobrino Capicúa , whose adventures were published for almost forty years.-Career:Mazzone was born on 6 June 1914 in the neighborhood of...
first appeared in the newspaper in 1941.
Peronist organ
When General Juan PerónJuan Perón
Juan Domingo Perón was an Argentine military officer, and politician. Perón was three times elected as President of Argentina though he only managed to serve one full term, after serving in several government positions, including the Secretary of Labor and the Vice Presidency...
's was elected President in 1946, he was eager to control the press to avoid more of the coups supported by Argentine journalism that had occurred since 1930. Editorial Haynes was then owned by the Haynes family member Henry Wesley Smith.
Early in 1949, the Peronists acquired a majority stake in Editorial Haynes, which at that time published ten periodicals. El Mundo, and all other Haynes publications, were forced to become Peronist. Major Carlos Aloe, a friend of Eva Perón
Eva Perón
María Eva Duarte de Perón was the second wife of President Juan Perón and served as the First Lady of Argentina from 1946 until her death in 1952. She is often referred to as simply Eva Perón, or by the affectionate Spanish language diminutive Evita.She was born in the village of Los Toldos in...
, was made head of the enterprise at Eva's personal request, despite his protests that he knew nothing about the business.
The paper became an organ of Peronist propaganda, and any editorial staff who did not hold a Partido Justicialista membership card were summarily dismissed..
Later years
After the Revolución LibertadoraRevolución Libertadora
The Revolución Libertadora was a military uprising that ended the second presidential term of Juan Perón in Argentina, on September 16, 1955.-History:...
of 1955, the paper remained government-controlled, but entered into a new era of journalism under writers such as Bernardo Neustadt, Ulíses Barrera, Ricardo Arias, Víctor Sueiro, Jacobo Timerman
Jacobo Timerman
Jacobo Timerman was an Argentine publisher, journalist, and author who was persecuted and honored for confronting the atrocities of the Argentine military regime's Dirty War...
, Horacio Verbitsky
Horacio Verbitsky
Horacio Verbitsky is a prominent Argentine investigative journalist and author. He writes for the left-leaning Argentine newspaper Página/12 and heads up the Center for Legal and Social Studies , an Argentine human-rights organization.He is also a member of the Directive Board of Human Rights...
and many more. In May 1960, José Ber Gelbard
José Ber Gelbard
José Ber Gelbard was an Argentine activist and politician.-Career:Gelbard was born in Radomsko, Poland, in 1917. In 1930 Gelbard emigrated to Argentina with his parents and siblings. They settled in Tucumán, north of Buenos Aires. Those were tough times and Gelbard had to make a living as a...
called on Jacobo Timerman
Jacobo Timerman
Jacobo Timerman was an Argentine publisher, journalist, and author who was persecuted and honored for confronting the atrocities of the Argentine military regime's Dirty War...
to undertake a renewal of the old El Mundo newspaper, which was bought by a group of businessmen said to be linked to the Communist Party.
The new owners were the heads of Radio Rivadavia, Minera Aluminé and Banco Buenos Aires.
The paper then went through various changes of ownership and editor. In these later years, the paper took a balanced political stance and was opposed to the Argentine Revolution of 1966, a military coup. Following the coup, the company was gradually run down, a process carried out by the dictator Juan Carlos Onganía
Juan Carlos Onganía
Juan Carlos Onganía Carballo was de facto president of Argentina from 29 June 1966 to 8 June 1970. He rose to power as military dictator after toppling, in a coup d’état self-named Revolución Argentina , the democratically elected president Arturo Illia .-Economic and social...
and Roberto Noble
Roberto Noble
Roberto Noble was an Argentine politician, journalist and publisher, perhaps best known for having founded Clarín, long Argentina's leading newsdaily and the most or second-most circulated in the Spanish-speaking world....
, owner of the newspaper Clarín
Clarín (newspaper)
Clarín is the largest newspaper in Argentina, published by the Grupo Clarín media group. It was founded by Roberto Noble on 28 August 1945. It is politically centrist but popularly understood to oppose the Kirchner government...
. After a year without paying salaries (except sporadic fortnightly payments every 2 to 4 months) the newspaper was closed in late 1967; the last issue appeared on 22 December of that year.
The brand was acquired by a group linked to the PRT (Partido Revolucionario de los Trabajadores, or Workers' Revolutionary Party) and the ERP (Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo
People's Revolutionary Army (Argentina)
The Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo was the military branch of the communist Partido Revolucionario de los Trabajadores in Argentina...
or People's Revolutionary Army), who published a successor in 1973 and 1974, when it was closed again. This successor was not connected to the earlier paper, being printed at a different place and with completely different staff.