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Eastern Harbour Crossing

 
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The Eastern Harbour Crossing , abbreviated as "EHC" is a tunnel in Hong Kong
Hong Kong

Hong Kong , officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, is a territory located in Southern China in East Asia, bordering the province of Guangdong to the north and facing the South China Sea to the east, west and south....
. It is a combined road and MTR
MTR

MTR, or Mass Transit Railway, is the rapid transit railway system in Hong Kong. The MTR first began service in 1979 and officially merged with the Kowloon Canton Railway on 2 December 2007, still bearing the same name in English....
 rail link under Victoria Harbour
Victoria Harbour

Victoria Harbour is a natural landform harbour situated between Hong Kong Island and the Kowloon Peninsula in Hong Kong. The harbour's deep, sheltered waters and strategic location on the South China Sea was instrumental in Hong Kong's establishment as a British colony and its subsequent development as a trading centre....
 between Quarry Bay
Quarry Bay

Quarry Bay is an area beneath Mount Parker, Hong Kong in Eastern District, Hong Kong on Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong. The western portion of the area was also formerly known as Lai Chi ....
 in Hong Kong Island
Hong Kong Island

Hong Kong Island is an Islands and peninsulas of Hong Kong in the southern part of Hong Kong. It has a population of 1,268,112 and its population density is 15,915/km?, as of 2006....
 and Cha Kwo Ling
Cha Kwo Ling

Cha Kwo Ling is a hill in the eastern New Kowloon of Hong Kong, and the area around it. It is adjacent to Victoria Harbour and located between Yau Tong and Lam Tin....
 in Kowloon
Kowloon

Kowloon refers to an urban area in Hong Kong made up of Kowloon Peninsula and New Kowloon, bordered by the Lei Yue Mun strait in the east, Mei Foo Sun Chuen and Stonecutters Island in the west, Tate's Cairn and Lion Rock in the north, and Victoria Harbour in the south....
.

Hong Kong Government negotiated with several consortia to adopt the Build-Operate-Transfer
Build-Operate-Transfer

Build-Operate-Transfer is a form of project financing, wherein a private entity receives a concession from the private or public sector to finance, design, construct, and operate a facilities stated in the concession contract....
 (BOT) model in planning new tunnels in different parts of the city.

In 1986, the government gave New Hong Kong Tunnel the right to run the Tunnel on a 30-year franchise with lease expiring in August 2016.






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The Eastern Harbour Crossing , abbreviated as "EHC" is a tunnel in Hong Kong
Hong Kong

Hong Kong , officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, is a territory located in Southern China in East Asia, bordering the province of Guangdong to the north and facing the South China Sea to the east, west and south....
. It is a combined road and MTR
MTR

MTR, or Mass Transit Railway, is the rapid transit railway system in Hong Kong. The MTR first began service in 1979 and officially merged with the Kowloon Canton Railway on 2 December 2007, still bearing the same name in English....
 rail link under Victoria Harbour
Victoria Harbour

Victoria Harbour is a natural landform harbour situated between Hong Kong Island and the Kowloon Peninsula in Hong Kong. The harbour's deep, sheltered waters and strategic location on the South China Sea was instrumental in Hong Kong's establishment as a British colony and its subsequent development as a trading centre....
 between Quarry Bay
Quarry Bay

Quarry Bay is an area beneath Mount Parker, Hong Kong in Eastern District, Hong Kong on Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong. The western portion of the area was also formerly known as Lai Chi ....
 in Hong Kong Island
Hong Kong Island

Hong Kong Island is an Islands and peninsulas of Hong Kong in the southern part of Hong Kong. It has a population of 1,268,112 and its population density is 15,915/km?, as of 2006....
 and Cha Kwo Ling
Cha Kwo Ling

Cha Kwo Ling is a hill in the eastern New Kowloon of Hong Kong, and the area around it. It is adjacent to Victoria Harbour and located between Yau Tong and Lam Tin....
 in Kowloon
Kowloon

Kowloon refers to an urban area in Hong Kong made up of Kowloon Peninsula and New Kowloon, bordered by the Lei Yue Mun strait in the east, Mei Foo Sun Chuen and Stonecutters Island in the west, Tate's Cairn and Lion Rock in the north, and Victoria Harbour in the south....
.

History

The Hong Kong Government negotiated with several consortia to adopt the Build-Operate-Transfer
Build-Operate-Transfer

Build-Operate-Transfer is a form of project financing, wherein a private entity receives a concession from the private or public sector to finance, design, construct, and operate a facilities stated in the concession contract....
 (BOT) model in planning new tunnels in different parts of the city.

In 1986, the government gave New Hong Kong Tunnel the right to run the Tunnel on a 30-year franchise with lease expiring in August 2016. The tunnel features two components, a road part and a rail part:
  • The road part of the tunnel is branded as Eastern Harbour Tunnel, although the government refers to the tunnel itself as Eastern Harbour Crossing. The tunnel is governed by the Eastern Harbour Crossing Ordinance.
  • The rail part runs between Quarry Bay
    Quarry Bay (MTR)

    Quarry Bay is an Underground station List of Hong Kong MTR stations on the MTR on Hong Kong Island and between Hong Kong Island and Tseung Kwan O in the New Territories, Hong Kong....
     and Yau Tong
    Yau Tong (MTR)

    Yau Tong is a List of Hong Kong MTR stations on the Hong Kong MTR and the . The livery of the station is yellow....
     stations of the MTR
    MTR

    MTR, or Mass Transit Railway, is the rapid transit railway system in Hong Kong. The MTR first began service in 1979 and officially merged with the Kowloon Canton Railway on 2 December 2007, still bearing the same name in English....
     . The road part links the Island Eastern Corridor
    Island Eastern Corridor

    Island Eastern Corridor is an expressway along the north shore of Hong Kong Island in Hong Kong. It starts from Causeway Bay in the west and ends in Chai Wan in the east....
     and Kwun Tong Bypass
    Kwun Tong Bypass

    Kwun Tong Bypass is an elevated Bypass route expressway in Kwun Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong with three lanes in each direction and a posted speed limit of 70-80 kilometres per hour....
    .


The powerful Chinese investment group CITIC Pacific
CITIC Pacific

CITIC Pacific is a Hong Kong-based Conglomerate company headquartered in Hong Kong. It is 29% owned by the state-owned CITICThe company's current chairman is Larry Yung Chi Kin....
 is interested in both parts, controlling the road part (71% stake) and has a 50% stake in the rail part. CITIC also controls 50% of the Western Harbour Tunnel Company
Western Harbour Tunnel Company

The Western Habour Tunnel Company Limited ?????????? is a jointly owned entity engaged principally in the construction, maintenance and operation of the Western Harbour Crossing ....
.

Traffic

According to the operator, in 2003, a total number of 26,018,772 vehicles used the Eastern Harbour Tunnel. The average daily throughput was 71,284.

There are many cross-harbour bus routes that travel through the Eastern Harbour Crossing, operated by Kowloon Motor Bus
Kowloon Motor Bus

The Kowloon Motor Bus Company Limited , a company of the Transport International Holdings Limited, is the largest franchised bus operators in Hong Kong, and one of the largest privately owned public bus operators in the world....
, New World First Bus
New World First Bus

New World First Bus Services Limited , abbreviated as First Bus and "NWFB", was established in 1998, taking over China Motor Bus's exclusive right on 1 September 1998 to provide bus services on Hong Kong Island together with Citybus ....
 and Citybus
Citybus (Hong Kong)

Citybus Limited is one of the three major bus operators in Hong Kong. It provides both Franchising and non-franchised bus service. The franchised route network serves mainly Hong Kong Island, cross-Victoria Harbour routes , Ocean Park Hong Kong, North Lantau and Hong Kong International Airport....
.

Detailed bus routes

  • Kowloon Motor Bus
    Kowloon Motor Bus

    The Kowloon Motor Bus Company Limited , a company of the Transport International Holdings Limited, is the largest franchised bus operators in Hong Kong, and one of the largest privately owned public bus operators in the world....
    /New World First Bus
    New World First Bus

    New World First Bus Services Limited , abbreviated as First Bus and "NWFB", was established in 1998, taking over China Motor Bus's exclusive right on 1 September 1998 to provide bus services on Hong Kong Island together with Citybus ....
    : 302, 601, 601P, 641, 680, 680P, 680X, 692, 692P, 802, 811
  • Kowloon Motor Bus
    Kowloon Motor Bus

    The Kowloon Motor Bus Company Limited , a company of the Transport International Holdings Limited, is the largest franchised bus operators in Hong Kong, and one of the largest privately owned public bus operators in the world....
    /Citybus
    Citybus (Hong Kong)

    Citybus Limited is one of the three major bus operators in Hong Kong. It provides both Franchising and non-franchised bus service. The franchised route network serves mainly Hong Kong Island, cross-Victoria Harbour routes , Ocean Park Hong Kong, North Lantau and Hong Kong International Airport....
    : 307, 606, 606P, 619, 619P, 621, 671, 681, 681P, 690, 690P
  • Kowloon Motor Bus
    Kowloon Motor Bus

    The Kowloon Motor Bus Company Limited , a company of the Transport International Holdings Limited, is the largest franchised bus operators in Hong Kong, and one of the largest privately owned public bus operators in the world....
    : 373, 603, 603P, 603S
  • Citybus
    Citybus (Hong Kong)

    Citybus Limited is one of the three major bus operators in Hong Kong. It provides both Franchising and non-franchised bus service. The franchised route network serves mainly Hong Kong Island, cross-Victoria Harbour routes , Ocean Park Hong Kong, North Lantau and Hong Kong International Airport....
    : 698R
  • New World First Bus
    New World First Bus

    New World First Bus Services Limited , abbreviated as First Bus and "NWFB", was established in 1998, taking over China Motor Bus's exclusive right on 1 September 1998 to provide bus services on Hong Kong Island together with Citybus ....
    : 680A, 682, 682P, 694
  • Overnights: N601, N619, N680, N691


Controversies

In June 2005, CITIC decided to raise the toll for using Eastern Harbour Crossing from HK$15 to HK$25 for private vehicles and up to 67% for other classes of vehicles, under the fare adjustment mechanism derived from the build-operate-transfer (BOT) model.

The Government of Hong Kong
Government of Hong Kong

The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China; conventional short name Hong Kong Government, led by the Chief Executive of Hong Kong as Head of the Government....
 claimed it was powerless to block the toll increase under the BOT model. This has aroused criticisms that the model was detrimental to the public interest, shifting more traffic to the already congested Cross-Harbour Tunnel
Cross-Harbour Tunnel

The Cross-Harbour Tunnel...
.

See also

  • List of tunnels and bridges in Hong Kong
  • Megaproject
    Megaproject

    A megaproject is an extremely large-scale investment project. Megaprojects are typically defined as costing more than United States dollar1 billion and attracting a lot of public attention because of substantial impacts on communities, Natural environment, and budgets....


External links