East-East
Encyclopedia
East-East is a multiplex architectural event jointly held by the Lithuanian and Japanese architects and students of architecture.

History

The concept of the Lithuania-Japan architectural event was conceived and its implementation coordinated by Dainius Kamaitis
Dainius Kamaitis
Dainius Kamaitis is the Lithuanian diplomat, former Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Republic of Lithuania to Japan, the Philippines, Australia and New Zealand....

, a Lithuanian diplomat and former ambassador to Japan. He paved the way for the bilateral exchange in the field of architecture by approaching both sides with a proposal to establish links which had not existed before. The idea was successfully implemented in Kaunas
Kaunas
Kaunas is the second-largest city in Lithuania and has historically been a leading centre of Lithuanian economic, academic, and cultural life. Kaunas was the biggest city and the center of a powiat in Trakai Voivodeship of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania since 1413. During Russian Empire occupation...

 in cooperation with the Kaunas City Municipality and the Kaunas Section of the Architects Association of Lithuania in 2002. As the event enjoyed a considerable acclaim on both sides, following new initiatives by D.Kamaitis, subsequent architectural forums were implemented in Vilnius
Vilnius
Vilnius is the capital of Lithuania, and its largest city, with a population of 560,190 as of 2010. It is the seat of the Vilnius city municipality and of the Vilnius district municipality. It is also the capital of Vilnius County...

 and Tokyo
Tokyo
, ; officially , is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan. Tokyo is the capital of Japan, the center of the Greater Tokyo Area, and the largest metropolitan area of Japan. It is the seat of the Japanese government and the Imperial Palace, and the home of the Japanese Imperial Family...

, in 2009 and 2011, accordingly. All the events received full support from the Architects Association of Lithuania and Japan Institute of Architects.

Origin of name

The name East-East is derived from the concept that Lithuania
Lithuania
Lithuania , officially the Republic of Lithuania is a country in Northern Europe, the biggest of the three Baltic states. It is situated along the southeastern shore of the Baltic Sea, whereby to the west lie Sweden and Denmark...

 is located in the east of Europe, while Japan
Japan
Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...

 lies in the east of Asia. It implies mutual understanding, close cooperation and harmony.

Objectives and structure

The initial target of establishing the links between the Lithuanian and Japanese architects has been achieved already. The long-term objectives are to strengthen the ties and make the joint events into a tradition, in order to foster continuous interaction not only between architects, but between students of architecture as well. The students' exchange is recognized by both sides as bearing particular importance to developing the future relations.

East-East spans almost a week and is built on three pillars:
  • exhibition of architectural works
  • public seminar
  • students workshop.

East-East 1

The first event was held between July 30 and August 1, 2002, in Kaunas
Kaunas
Kaunas is the second-largest city in Lithuania and has historically been a leading centre of Lithuanian economic, academic, and cultural life. Kaunas was the biggest city and the center of a powiat in Trakai Voivodeship of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania since 1413. During Russian Empire occupation...

, at Mykolas Žilinskas Art Gallery. The Japanese delegation was led by the 1993 Pritzker Prize
Pritzker Prize
The Pritzker Architecture Prize is awarded annually by the Hyatt Foundation to honour "a living architect whose built work demonstrates a combination of those qualities of talent, vision and commitment, which has produced consistent and significant contributions to humanity and the built...

  (often referred to as the Nobel Prize of architecture) winner Fumihiko Maki
Fumihiko Maki
is a Japanese architect and currently teaching at Keio University SFC.- Biography :After studying at the University of Tokyo he moved to the Cranbrook Academy of Art in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, and then to Harvard Graduate School of Design. In 1956, he took a post as assistant professor of...

 and included seven leading Japanese architects Taro Ashihara, Chiaki Arai, Tetsuo Furuichi, George Kunihiro, Koh Kitayama, Hidetoshi Ohno and Kengo Kuma
Kengo Kuma
is a Japanese architect.- Biography :Kuma was born in Kanagawa, Japan, and attended Eiko Gakuen junior and senior high schools. After completing a major in architecture at the University of Tokyo in 1979, he worked for a time at Nihon Sekkei and TODA Corporation. He then moved to New York for...

.

The keynote presentation by Fumihiko Maki who was awarded with the honorary membership of the Architects Association of Lithuania, aroused considerable public interest. On behalf of the host side, Linas Tuleikis, Chairman of the Kaunas Section of the Architects Association of Lithuania, gave a lecture on the contemporary Lithuanian architecture.

Exhibition

Joint exhibition of works by the Lithuanian and Japanese architects kicked off at the very outset of the event. It was honoured by the very presence of Valdas Adamkus
Valdas Adamkus
Valdas Adamkus was President of Lithuania from 1998 to 2003 and again from 2004 to 2009.In Lithuania, the President's tenure lasts for five years; Adamkus' first term in office began on February 26, 1998 and ended on February 28, 2003, following his defeat by Rolandas Paksas in the next...

, President of Lithuania. Besides the works of the Japanese architects present at the event, those of Nobuaki Furuya, Kazuo Iwamura, Atsushi Kitagawara
Atsushi Kitagawara
is a Japanese architect.-Bibliography:Atsushi Kitagawara was born in Nagano Prefecture, Japan. While studying for a BA in architecture at Tokyo National University of Fine Arts and Music he won first prize in the Japan Architect International Design Competition...

, Hiroshi Naito, Tadasu Ohe and Ken Yokogawa were exhibited as well. On the Lithuanian side of the exhibition, the works of Vilius Adomavičius, Audrius Ambrasas, Artūras Asauskas, Gintaras Čaikauskas, Darius Čiuta, Gediminas Jurevičius, Algimantas Kančas, Audrys
Karalius, Šarūnas Kiaunė, Kęstutis Kisielius, Sigitas Kuncevičius, Saulius Mikštas, Gintautas Natkevičius, Rolandas Palekas, Saulius Pamerneckis, Kęstutis Pempė, Ramūnas Raslavičius were presented.

Seminar

A public seminar was held on July 30–31. It was divided into the following five sessions:
  • New program
  • New building type
  • New order
  • New material
  • East meets East.


A broad and interesting discussion on the above topics evolved. The Japanese architects presented their ideas featuring their own practical applications, while their Lithuanian counterparts Tomas Grunskis, Jūratė Tutlytė, Vytautas Petrušonis and Jonas Audėjaitis were more concerned with theoretical generalization.

Students workshop

The workshop was held between July 27 and August 1 at Kaunas Art Institute of Vilnius Academy of Arts, dealing with the acute issue which Kaunas is facing in relation to adjacent rivers. During the Soviet period of the Lithuanian history
History of Lithuania
The history of Lithuania dates back to at least 1009, the first recorded written use of the term. Lithuanians, a branch of the Baltic peoples, later conquered neighboring lands, establishing the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and in the 13th century the short-lived Kingdom of Lithuania. The Grand Duchy...

, rapidly developing industry in Kaunas city left a significant trace in its urban fabric. After the restoration of independence, most of the bigger industrial plants built on the bank of Nemunas river were closed. As a result, and also due to the transport reorganization scheme implemented during the Soviet period, despite its unique location on the confluence of two rivers, the city has virtually lost any contact with them.

The workshop groups were given the task to find effective points and propose a unique architectural concept which would facilitate the return of picturesque but desolated riverside areas back to the city.

A group of 17 Japanese and 19 Lithuanian students were split into 6 mixed teams. Design named "Tunnels" (by Io Kato, Shunsuke Tomida, Hiroaki Kishimoto, Tomas Kučinskas, Aurėja Leskauskaitė, Eivaras Rastauskas) was selected as the winning entry. "Parasite" was awarded with the second prize, and the third award went to "Magic Box".

The students represented the following higher institutions:
  • in Japan - Tokyo University of the Arts, Yokohama National University
    Yokohama National University
    , or is a national university in Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. It offers Doctoral degrees in education as part of a coalition with Tokyo Gakugei University, Saitama University, and Chiba University. It is noted for its Business Administration program.-History:The predecessor...

    , Nihon University
    Nihon University
    Nihon University is the largest university in Japan. Akiyoshi Yamada, the minister of justice, founded Nihon Law School in October 1889....

    , University of Tokyo
    University of Tokyo
    , abbreviated as , is a major research university located in Tokyo, Japan. The University has 10 faculties with a total of around 30,000 students, 2,100 of whom are foreign. Its five campuses are in Hongō, Komaba, Kashiwa, Shirokane and Nakano. It is considered to be the most prestigious university...

    , Kokushikan University
    Kokushikan University
    is a private university in Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan.Combined teams of the Graduate School of Engineering and the Department of Science and Engineering competed against 130 team and came in 11th place in the 27th Formula SAE in 2007...

    , Chiba Institute of Technology
    Chiba Institute of Technology
    is a private university in Narashino, Chiba, Japan. abbreviated as ,,,.The school was founded in 1942 in Machida, Tokyo. In 1946 it was relocated to Kimitsu, Chiba, adopted the present name at the same time. Four years later, it was moved to the present location...

     and Tokyo University of Science
    Tokyo University of Science
    Tokyo University of Science is a private university of science and technology in Japan...

  • in Lithuania - Kaunas University of Technology
    Kaunas University of Technology
    - KTU :Kaunas University of Technology is one of the largest technical universities in the Baltic States.In Webometrics Ranking of World Universities 2010 KTU took the highest ratings among Lithuanian higher education institutions as having the web of best presence, visibility and accessibility...

    , Vilnius Academy of Arts, Kaunas Art Faculty of Vilnius Academy of Arts, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University
    Vilnius Gediminas Technical University
    Vilnius Gediminas Technical University is a state higher academic school which has the rights of legal entity. The University is a non-profit institution, which was established by the Parliament of the Republic of Lithuania....

    .

East-East 2

The second event took place in Vilnius
Vilnius
Vilnius is the capital of Lithuania, and its largest city, with a population of 560,190 as of 2010. It is the seat of the Vilnius city municipality and of the Vilnius district municipality. It is also the capital of Vilnius County...

 and was held at Vilnius City Municipality and Contemporary Art Centre between June 30 and July 4, 2009. The renowned architect Riken Yamamoto led the Japanese delegation which included Taro Ashihara, George Kunihiro, Ken Yokogawa, Nobuaki Furuya, Takaharu Tezuka, Taira Nishizawa, Manabu Chiba and Hiroshi Sambuichi. At the opening of the event, Riken Yamamoto delivered the keynote lecture at Vilnius City Municipality.

Exhibition

Five Japanese architects Takaharu Tezuka, Taira Nishizawa, Manabu Chiba, Hiroshi Sambuichi and Shuhei Endo (the latter was not present at the event himself) exhibited their works under the title "New Wave of Japanese Architecture 2009" at Vilnius City Municipality.

Seminar

On July 1, a public seminar was held at Contemporary Art Centre, featuring lectures by two speakers from each side, followed by a discussion. Taro Ashihara and Tomas Grunskis presented their views on public space as the focus of life in a city, and the philosophy of the traditional house was introduced by Ken Yokogawa and Gintaras Čaikauskas.

Discussion on architecture was continued on July 3 at the international conference "Architecture: a Part of Culture (?)" held at Vilnius Town Hall
Town Hall, Vilnius
Vilnius Town Hall is a historical town hall in the square of the same name in the Old Town of Vilnius, Lithuania.- Palace :The town hall in Vilnius was mentioned for the first time in 1432...

. George Kunihiro and Nobuaki Furuya were among the lecturers.

Students workshop

Four mixed groups comprising 10 students each from Japan and Lithuania generated ideas aimed at the recovery of a problematic area. The point at issue - Park of Architecture, an area of about 58 hectares in one of the most beautiful locations in close proximity to Vilnius Old Town
Vilnius Old Town
The Old Town of Vilnius , one of the largest surviving medieval old towns in Northern Europe, has an area of 3.59 square kilometres . It encompasses 74 quarters, with 70 streets and lanes numbering 1487 buildings with a total floor area of 1,497,000 square meters...

. Since the 19th century, noxious and polluting industries were developed there, which resulted in the loss of interface between the area and its natural environment, architectural integrity and broken functional and social links with the city. The workshop was therefore tasked with proposing "hot spots" which would help in resurrecting the Park of Architecture and give new life to this socially degraded part of Vilnius city.

On July 4, during the presentation of works at Cultural Platform KultFlux located next to Mindaugas Bridge
Mindaugas Bridge
Mindaugas Bridge crosses Neris River and connects Žirmūnai elderate with the Old Town of Vilnius, capital of Lithuania. The bridge was named after Mindaugas, King of Lithuania, and was opened in 2003 during the celebrations of the 750th anniversary of Mindaugas' coronation. The bridge is in length...

, the design named "Valley" (by Hiroshi Yamada, Hiroyuki Nogami, Ježi Stankevič, Marius Ščerbinskas and Rasa Chmieliauskaitė, consultant architects George Kunihiro and Gintaras Čaikauskas) was selected as the winner. The idea of a valley was proposed as a public space, part of which would have to be flooded with water. Thus the once industrial plants surrounded with water would be turned into buildings for public use: swimming pool, theater, cinema etc. Elevated horizontal surfaces would be erected between the buildings in order to link the former plants with the land, serving as public spaces for communication and leisure.

The students represented the following higher institutions:
  • in Japan - Waseda University
    Waseda University
    , abbreviated as , is one of the most prestigious private universities in Japan and Asia. Its main campuses are located in the northern part of Shinjuku, Tokyo. Founded in 1882 as Tokyo Senmon Gakko, the institution was renamed "Waseda University" in 1902. It is known for its liberal climate...

    , Tokai University
    Tokai University
    is a private university in Tokyo, Japan. It was established in 1943 by Shigeyoshi Matsumae, who had formerly been the engineering president of the Ministry of Communications...

    , Kyoto Institute of Technology
    Kyoto Institute of Technology
    Kyoto Institute of Technology in Kyoto, Japan is a Japanese national university established in 1949. History of the Institute extends back to two schools, Kyoto Craft High School and Kyoto Sericulture Training School Kyoto Institute of Technology (京都工芸繊維大学, Kyōto Kōgei Sen'i Daigaku) in Kyoto,...

    , Kokushikan University
    Kokushikan University
    is a private university in Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan.Combined teams of the Graduate School of Engineering and the Department of Science and Engineering competed against 130 team and came in 11th place in the 27th Formula SAE in 2007...

  • in Lithuania - Kaunas University of Technology
    Kaunas University of Technology
    - KTU :Kaunas University of Technology is one of the largest technical universities in the Baltic States.In Webometrics Ranking of World Universities 2010 KTU took the highest ratings among Lithuanian higher education institutions as having the web of best presence, visibility and accessibility...

    , Vilnius Academy of Arts, Kaunas Art Faculty of Vilnius Academy of Arts, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University
    Vilnius Gediminas Technical University
    Vilnius Gediminas Technical University is a state higher academic school which has the rights of legal entity. The University is a non-profit institution, which was established by the Parliament of the Republic of Lithuania....

    .

East-East 3

The third event was held in Tokyo at Japan Institute of Architects
Japan Institute of Architects
The Japan Institute of Architects is the most established Japanese professional body of free and autonomous architects as well as the Japanese section of the Union Internationale des Architectes...

, Ginza TS Building and Gyoko-dori Underground Gallery between May 31 and June 4, 2011. The Lithuanian delegation included ten leading architects Gražina Janulytė-Bernotienė, Gintaras Balčytis, Linas Tuleikis, Algimantas Kančas, Gintaras Čaikauskas, Linas Naujokaitis, Rolandas Palekas, Marius Šaliamoras, Donaldas Trainauskas, Gintautas Vieversys and 10 students of architecture.

Exhibition

Japanese and Lithuanian architects exhibited their designs at Gyoko-dori Underground Gallery between June 1 and 29. It was a part of an exhibition 'UIA2011 TOKYO 111 Days Before' which kicked off as a pre-event to the 24th World Congress of Architecture in Tokyo (UIA2011).

The Lithuanian part of the exhibition included works by architectural firms, project teams and individual architects. Firms represented:

Kančas studio, Ambraso architektų biuras, G.Natkevičius ir partneriai, E.Miliūno studija, R.Paleko Arch-studija, Architektūros estetikos studija, Vilius ir partneriai, Vilniaus architektūros studija, Laimos ir Ginto projektai, G.Janulytės-Bernotienės studija, 4PLIUS, Architektūros linija, Gečia, Dviejų grupė, Urbanistika.

Project teams and individual architects included:

Tadas Balčiūnas, Vytautas Biekša, Marius Kanevičius; Jūras Balkevičius, (late) Vytautas Čekanauskas, Lina Masliukienė, Marius Šaliamoras, Algirdas Umbrasas; Kęstutis Pempė, Gytis Ramunis; Darius Čiuta, Gintaras Auželis; Alvydas Šeibokas, Gabrielis Malžinskas; Andrius Skiezgelas, Aleksandras Kavaliauskas, Martynas Nagelė; Kęstutis Lupeikis.

Japanese participants displayed their own individual designs:

Fumihiko Maki
Fumihiko Maki
is a Japanese architect and currently teaching at Keio University SFC.- Biography :After studying at the University of Tokyo he moved to the Cranbrook Academy of Art in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, and then to Harvard Graduate School of Design. In 1956, he took a post as assistant professor of...

, Riken Yamamoto, Chiaki Arai, Kazuo Iwamura, Tetsuo Furuichi, Ken Yokogawa, Hidetosho Ohno, Taro Ashihara, Koh Kitajama, George Kunihiro, Kengo Kuma
Kengo Kuma
is a Japanese architect.- Biography :Kuma was born in Kanagawa, Japan, and attended Eiko Gakuen junior and senior high schools. After completing a major in architecture at the University of Tokyo in 1979, he worked for a time at Nihon Sekkei and TODA Corporation. He then moved to New York for...

, Nobuaki Furuya, Tadasu Ohe, Manabu Chiba, Shuhei Endo, Makoto Yokomizo, Takaharu Tezuka+Yui Tezuka, Atelier Bow-Wow, Hiroshi Sambuichi, Takenori Naka, Masakatsu Matsuyama, Kumiko Inui, Joshiaki Tanaka, Yukihide Mizuno, Shinichiro Akasaka, Osamu Fujita, Makoto Maeda, Ryuichi Ashizawa, Shogo Aratani, Yasutaka Yoshimura, Kazuhide Doi, Koichi Furumori, Tsukasa Kinjo, Yukiko Nadamoto, Hiroshi Nakamura, TNA Makoto Takei+Chie Nabeshima, Keisuke Maeda, Yuuoh Mino, Koji Kimi, Koji Nakawatase.

Seminar

On June 4, a public seminar under the title 'Billows Over the Architecture and Cities in the 21st Century' was held at Japan Institute of Architects
Japan Institute of Architects
The Japan Institute of Architects is the most established Japanese professional body of free and autonomous architects as well as the Japanese section of the Union Internationale des Architectes...

. It provided a platform to exchange ideas for a better future of architecture, emerging from the need to address the issues of climate change, population decrease in industrialized countries, economic conflict between the old developed countries and rising economies and safety of nuclear power. These changes are on par with the industrial revolution in the 19th century, and will be followed by the paradigm shift in the fundamentals of knowledge, economy and society.

The seminar featured lectures by three speakers from each side. Gintaras Čaikauskas, Linas Naujokaitis and Linas Tuleikis presented the Lithuanian views, while Hidetoshi Ohno, Nobuaki Furuya and Manabu Chiba discussed the topic from the Japanese perspective.

Students workshop

The workshop was held between May 31 and June 3 at Ginza TS Building. 10 Lithuanian and 11 Japanese students were split into four mixed groups and tasked with creating an attractive Ginza District in central Tokyo by means of new urban interventions.

For that purpose, each group made research and design proposals on one of the four themes: conservation and contemporary interpretation of historical buildings, vertical circulation between small-sized commercial buildings, facade/skin design of a humongous redeveloped building, and open space utilization of public/private properties. The completed designs were presented at the seminar on June 4.

The students represented the following higher institutions:
  • in Japan - Meiji University
    Meiji University
    is a private university in Tokyo and Kawasaki, founded in 1881 by three lawyers of the Meiji era, Kishimoto Tatsuo, Miyagi Kōzō, and Yashiro Misao. It is one of the largest and most prestigious Japanese universities in Tokyo, Japan....

    , Keio University
    Keio University
    ,abbreviated as Keio or Keidai , is a Japanese university located in Minato, Tokyo. It is known as the oldest institute of higher education in Japan. Founder Fukuzawa Yukichi originally established it as a school for Western studies in 1858 in Edo . It has eleven campuses in Tokyo and Kanagawa...

    , Shibaura Institute of Technology
    Shibaura Institute of Technology
    The , abbreviated as , is a private university of Technology in Japan....

    , Tama Art University
    Tama Art University
    is a private university in Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan. The predecessor of the school was founded in 1935 as a spinoff from what is today Musashino Art University...

  • in Lithuania - Kaunas University of Technology
    Kaunas University of Technology
    - KTU :Kaunas University of Technology is one of the largest technical universities in the Baltic States.In Webometrics Ranking of World Universities 2010 KTU took the highest ratings among Lithuanian higher education institutions as having the web of best presence, visibility and accessibility...

    , Vilnius Academy of Arts, Kaunas Art Faculty of Vilnius Academy of Arts, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University
    Vilnius Gediminas Technical University
    Vilnius Gediminas Technical University is a state higher academic school which has the rights of legal entity. The University is a non-profit institution, which was established by the Parliament of the Republic of Lithuania....

    .

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