Dukes classification
Encyclopedia
In 1932 the British pathologist Cuthbert Dukes
(1890-1977) devised a famous classification
system for colorectal cancer
. Several different forms of the Dukes classification were developed. However, this system has largely been replaced by the more detailed TNM staging system and is no longer recommended for use in clinical practice.
Dukes' A: Invasion into but not through the bowel wall
Dukes' B: Invasion through the bowel wall but not involving lymph nodes
Dukes' C: Involvement of lymph nodes
Dukes' D: Widespread metastases
An adaptation by the Americans Astler and Coller in 1954 further divided stages B and C
Stage A: Limited to mucosa
Stage B1: Extending into muscularis propria but not penetrating through it; nodes not involved
Stage B2: Penetrating through muscularis propria; nodes not involved
Stage C1: Extending into muscularis propria but not penetrating through it. Nodes involved
Stage C2: Penetrating through muscularis propria. Nodes involved
Stage D: Distant metastatic spread
The stage gives valuable information for the prognosis
and management of the particular cancer
.
Cuthbert Dukes
Cuthbert Esquire Dukes, M.D. OBE was an English physician and pathologist and author for whom the Dukes classification for colorectal cancer is named....
(1890-1977) devised a famous classification
Medical classification
Medical classification, or medical coding, is the process of transforming descriptions of medical diagnoses and procedures into universal medical code numbers...
system for colorectal cancer
Colorectal cancer
Colorectal cancer, commonly known as bowel cancer, is a cancer caused by uncontrolled cell growth , in the colon, rectum, or vermiform appendix. Colorectal cancer is clinically distinct from anal cancer, which affects the anus....
. Several different forms of the Dukes classification were developed. However, this system has largely been replaced by the more detailed TNM staging system and is no longer recommended for use in clinical practice.
Dukes' A: Invasion into but not through the bowel wall
Dukes' B: Invasion through the bowel wall but not involving lymph nodes
Dukes' C: Involvement of lymph nodes
Dukes' D: Widespread metastases
An adaptation by the Americans Astler and Coller in 1954 further divided stages B and C
Stage A: Limited to mucosa
Stage B1: Extending into muscularis propria but not penetrating through it; nodes not involved
Stage B2: Penetrating through muscularis propria; nodes not involved
Stage C1: Extending into muscularis propria but not penetrating through it. Nodes involved
Stage C2: Penetrating through muscularis propria. Nodes involved
Stage D: Distant metastatic spread
The stage gives valuable information for the prognosis
Prognosis
Prognosis is a medical term to describe the likely outcome of an illness.When applied to large statistical populations, prognostic estimates can be very accurate: for example the statement "45% of patients with severe septic shock will die within 28 days" can be made with some confidence, because...
and management of the particular cancer
Cancer
Cancer , known medically as a malignant neoplasm, is a large group of different diseases, all involving unregulated cell growth. In cancer, cells divide and grow uncontrollably, forming malignant tumors, and invade nearby parts of the body. The cancer may also spread to more distant parts of the...
.