Donald E. Ingber
Encyclopedia
Donald E. Ingber, is an American cell biologist, Founding Director of the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering
Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering
The Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering is a cross-disciplinary institute at Harvard University which focuses on emulating nature's design principles to engineer new bioinspired materials and devices with applications in healthcare, manufacturing, robotics, energy, and sustainable...

 at Harvard University
Harvard University
Harvard University is a private Ivy League university located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States, established in 1636 by the Massachusetts legislature. Harvard is the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States and the first corporation chartered in the country...

, the Judah Folkman Professor of Vascular Biology at Harvard Medical School
Harvard Medical School
Harvard Medical School is the graduate medical school of Harvard University. It is located in the Longwood Medical Area of the Mission Hill neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts....

 and Children's Hospital Boston
Children's Hospital Boston
Children's Hospital Boston is a 396-licensed bed children's hospital in the Longwood Medical and Academic Area of Boston, Massachusetts.At 300 Longwood Avenue, Children's is adjacent both to its teaching affiliate, Harvard Medical School, and to Dana-Farber Cancer Institute...

, and Professor of Bioengineering at the Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences
Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences
The Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Science , a school within Harvard University's Faculty of Arts and Sciences , serves as the connector and integrator of Harvard's teaching and research efforts in engineering, applied sciences, and technology.Engineering and applied sciences at Harvard...

. He is a founder of the emerging field of biologically inspired engineering
Biologically inspired engineering
Biologically inspired engineering is a new scientific discipline that applies biological principles to develop new engineering solutions for medicine, industry, the environment, and many other fields that have previously not been touched by the biology revolution...

.

Ingber's pioneering scientific work led to the discovery that tensegrity
Tensegrity
Tensegrity, tensional integrity or floating compression, is a structural principle based on the use of isolated components in compression inside a net of continuous tension, in such a way that the compressed members do not touch each other and the prestressed tensioned members delineate the...

 architecture is a fundamental design principle governing the way molecules are structured into living cells and the way cells are integrated within tissues and organs during embryo formation. Tensegrity was first described by Buckminster Fuller
Buckminster Fuller
Richard Buckminster “Bucky” Fuller was an American systems theorist, author, designer, inventor, futurist and second president of Mensa International, the high IQ society....

 and the sculptor Kenneth Snelson
Kenneth Snelson
Kenneth Snelson is a contemporary sculptor and photographer. His sculptural works are composed of flexible and rigid components arranged according to the idea of 'tensegrity', although Snelson does not use the term....

.

Ingber's insights have helped create the fields of mechanobiology
Mechanobiology
Mechanobiology is an emerging field of science at the interface of biology and engineering. It focuses on the way that physical forces and changes in cell or tissue mechanics contribute to development, physiology, and disease...

, angiogenesis
Angiogenesis
Angiogenesis is the physiological process involving the growth of new blood vessels from pre-existing vessels. Though there has been some debate over terminology, vasculogenesis is the term used for spontaneous blood-vessel formation, and intussusception is the term for the formation of new blood...

, tissue engineering
Tissue engineering
Tissue engineering is the use of a combination of cells, engineering and materials methods, and suitable biochemical and physio-chemical factors to improve or replace biological functions...

, nanobiotechnology
Nanobiotechnology
Bionanotechnology, nanobiotechnology, and nanobiology are terms that refer to the intersection of nanotechnology and biology. Given that the subject is one that has only emerged very recently, bionanotechnology and nanobiotechnology serve as blanket terms for various related technologies.This...

, and biomimetics
Biomimetics
Biomimetics is the study of the structure and function of biological systems as models for the design and engineering of materials and machines. It is widely regarded as being synonymous with biomimicry, biomimesis, biognosis and similar to biologically inspired design.-History:The term biomimetics...

. Through his interdisciplinary collaborations with experts in chemistry, physics, engineering, magnetics, and optics, Ingber has also helped develop multiple new experimental nano- and microtechnologies, as well as engineered tissues and angiogenesis inhibitor-based cancer therapeutics that have entered human clinical trials.

Academic career

Ingber received his B.A. in molecular biophysics and biochemistry from Yale College
Yale College
Yale College was the official name of Yale University from 1718 to 1887. The name now refers to the undergraduate part of the university. Each undergraduate student is assigned to one of 12 residential colleges.-Residential colleges:...

 in 1977; his M.A. in molecular biophysics and biochemistry from Yale Graduate School in 1977; his M.Phil. in cell biology from Yale Graduate School in 1981; his M.D. from Yale University School of Medicine in 1984; and his Ph.D. in cell biology from Yale Graduate School in 1984. From 1984 to 1986 he completed his training as an Anna Fuller postdoctoral fellow under the mentorship of Dr. Judah Folkman
Judah Folkman
Moses Judah Folkman was an American medical scientist best known for his research on tumor angiogenesis, the process by which a tumor attracts blood vessels to nourish itself and sustain its existence...

 in the Surgical Research Laboratory at Children's Hospital Boston and Harvard Medical School.

Ingber began his independent career in 1986 as a research instructor in pathology at Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital
Brigham and Women's Hospital
Brigham and Women's Hospital is the largest hospital of the Longwood Medical and Academic Area in Boston, Massachusetts. It is directly adjacent to Harvard Medical School of which it is the second largest teaching affiliate with 793 beds...

, and in surgery at Children's Hospital Boston. He progressively moved up the ranks at Harvard until he was promoted to professor of pathology at Harvard Medical School in 1999. In 2004, Ingber was named the first incumbent of the Judah Folkman Professorship of Vascular Biology at Harvard Medical School. In 2008, he was named a professor of bioengineering at the Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences.

In 1984, Ingber became a research associate in surgery at Children's Hospital Boston and in pathology at Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School. In 1993, he also became a research associate in pathology at Children's Hospital, and in 2002, he became a senior associate in the Vascular Biology Program at Children's Hospital.

Current research

Ingber maintains active laboratories in the Vascular Biology Program at Children's Hospital Boston and at the Wyss Institute, both of which are in the Longwood Medical and Academic Area
Longwood Medical and Academic Area
The Longwood Medical and Academic Area is a medical campus in Boston....

 of Boston. The Ingber Laboratory at Children's Hospital addresses the fundamental problem of how cells decide whether to move, grow, contract, differentiate, or die during tissue development. The specific focus is on angiogenesis—the growth of blood capillaries—a process that is critical for the growth of cancer and many other debilitating diseases.

In addition to providing vision and leadership for the Wyss Institute, Ingber heads its biomimetic microsystems platform in which microfabrication techniques from the electronics industry are combined with living cells to create microdevices that function as living human "organs-on-chips." His most recent innovation is a complex, three-dimensional model of a breathing lung on a microchip that incorporates living human lung cells within microfluidic systems. This device mimics the complicated mechanical and biochemical behaviors of the human lung to provide information on the effects of environmental toxins, absorption of aerosolized therapeutics, and the safety and efficacy of new drugs. As an alternative to animal studies, this "lung on a chip
Lung on a chip
Lung on a Chip is a complex, three-dimensional model of a living, breathing human lung on a microchip. The device is made using human lung and blood vessel cells and it can predict absorption of airborne nanoparticles and mimic the inflammatory response triggered by microbial pathogens...

" could accelerate the introduction of new drugs to market, while also significantly lowering research costs. Ingber is also working with other Wyss Institute faculty and staff on other organs on chips, such as a beating heart-on-a-chip and a gut-on-a-chip that undergoes peristalsis, as well as bone marrow and cancer models.

Administrative leadership

Ingber helped to bridge Harvard University, its affiliated hospitals, and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
The Massachusetts Institute of Technology is a private research university located in Cambridge, Massachusetts. MIT has five schools and one college, containing a total of 32 academic departments, with a strong emphasis on scientific and technological education and research.Founded in 1861 in...

 (MIT) through his involvement in the Center for Integration in Medicine and Innovative Technology, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology
Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology
Founded in 1970, the Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, or HST, is one of the oldest and largest biomedical engineering and physician-scientist training programs in the United States and the longest-standing functional collaboration between Harvard University and the...

, and Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center
Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center
The Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center is the largest National Cancer Institute designated Comprehensive Cancer Center in the nation. Founded in 1998, DF/HCC is an inter-institutional research enterprise that unites all of the cancer research efforts of the Harvard affiliated community...

. He also is a member of the Center for Nanoscale Systems and the Materials Research Science and Engineering Center at Harvard, as well as the MIT Center for Bioengineering.

In 2009, Ingber was named Founding Director of the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering
Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering
The Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering is a cross-disciplinary institute at Harvard University which focuses on emulating nature's design principles to engineer new bioinspired materials and devices with applications in healthcare, manufacturing, robotics, energy, and sustainable...

 at Harvard University, which was launched with a $125 million gift—the largest philanthropic gift in Harvard's history—from Hansjorg Wyss
Hansjörg Wyss
Hansjörg Wyss is a Swiss entrepreneur and businessman. As of 2008, Wyss ranks #164 on the Forbes list of billionaires, with a net worth of approximately $6 billion, making him the second richest person in Switzerland.-Life and career:...

. It is dedicated to the emerging field of biologically inspired engineering in which insights into the design principles used by nature are applied to the development of bioinspired materials and devices for medicine, industry, and the environment. The Institute is a partnership among Harvard University, its major affiliated hospitals (Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston, Massachusetts is a major flagship teaching hospital of Harvard Medical School. It was formed out of the 1996 merger of Beth Israel Hospital and New England Deaconess Hospital...

, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Children's Hospital Boston, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital
Massachusetts General Hospital
Massachusetts General Hospital is a teaching hospital and biomedical research facility in the West End neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts...

), and Boston University
Boston University
Boston University is a private research university located in Boston, Massachusetts. With more than 4,000 faculty members and more than 31,000 students, Boston University is one of the largest private universities in the United States and one of Boston's largest employers...

 as it is designed to harness the innovative power of the entire Boston/Cambridge region.

Policy and public service

Ingber was a member of the Space Studies Board of the U.S. National Research Council (NRC), which advises the National Academy of Sciences
United States National Academy of Sciences
The National Academy of Sciences is a corporation in the United States whose members serve pro bono as "advisers to the nation on science, engineering, and medicine." As a national academy, new members of the organization are elected annually by current members, based on their distinguished and...

, National Academy of Engineering
National Academy of Engineering
The National Academy of Engineering is a government-created non-profit institution in the United States, that was founded in 1964 under the same congressional act that led to the founding of the National Academy of Sciences...

, and National Institute of Medicine, and he chaired its Committee on Space Biology and Medicine. He has also been an external reviewer of multiple NRC reports, incluing “Plan for the International Space Station,” “Future Biotechnology Research on the International Space Station,” “Assessment of Directions in Microgravity and Physical Sciences at NASA,” and “The Astrophysical Context of Life.” In 2010, Ingber was elected to the Board of Directors of the National Space Biomedical Research Institute. He has also served on the Innovation Review Panel of the Grand Challenges in Global Health grant program for the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation is the largest transparently operated private foundation in the world, founded by Bill and Melinda Gates. It is "driven by the interests and passions of the Gates family"...

, the Nanobiotechnology Committee of the National Institutes of Health
National Institutes of Health
The National Institutes of Health are an agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services and are the primary agency of the United States government responsible for biomedical and health-related research. Its science and engineering counterpart is the National Science Foundation...

 and the National Science Foundation
National Science Foundation
The National Science Foundation is a United States government agency that supports fundamental research and education in all the non-medical fields of science and engineering. Its medical counterpart is the National Institutes of Health...

, and the Board of Directors for the Eunice Kennedy Center for Mental Retardation. In addition, Ingber has served as a consultant to various governmental agencies, public companies, and private corporations, including the U.S. Department of Defense, Office of the Director of National Intelligence, Merck & Co.
Merck & Co.
Merck & Co., Inc. , also known as Merck Sharp & Dohme or MSD outside the United States and Canada, is one of the largest pharmaceutical companies in the world. The Merck headquarters is located in Whitehouse Station, New Jersey, an unincorporated area in Readington Township...

, Biogen Idec
Biogen Idec
Biogen Idec, Inc. is a biotechnology company specializing in drugs for neurological disorders, autoimmune disorders and cancer. The company was formed in 2003 by the merger of Cambridge, Massachusetts-based Biogen Inc. and San Diego, California-based IDEC Pharmaceuticals...

, Digene Corporation, Advanced Tissue Sciences, Chanel
Chanel
Chanel S.A. is a French fashion house founded by the couturier Gabrielle "Coco" Chanel, well established in haute couture, specializing in luxury goods . She gained the name "Coco" while maintaining a career as a singer at a café in France...

, BG Medicine, and WNYC
WNYC
WNYC is a set of call letters shared by a pair of co-owned, non-profit, public radio stations located in New York City.WNYC broadcasts on the AM band at 820 kHz, and WNYC-FM is at 93.9 MHz. Both stations are members of National Public Radio and carry distinct, but similar news/talk programs...

 New York Public Radio.

Because of his broad range of scientific interests and accomplishments, Ingber travels the globe sharing his work with artists, architects, and designers, as well as scientists, physicians, engineers, and the lay public. Examples of his involvement in the art/design community include his participation in the "Cellular Design" Exhibition at Le Laboratoire in Paris in 2010, the "On Growth and Form: Textiles and the Engineering of Nature" exhibition at the Textile Museum of Canada
Textile Museum of Canada
The Textile Museum of Canada, located Toronto, Ontario, Canada, is the only Canadian museum dedicated to the collection, exhibition, and documentation of textiles. The museum was founded in 1975 by Max Allen and Simon Waegemaekers.-Collection:...

 in Toronto in 2001, and in the "Image and Meaning" conferences at MIT in 2001 and at the Getty Center
Getty Center
The Getty Center, in Brentwood, Los Angeles, California, is a campus for cultural institutions founded by oilman J. Paul Getty. The $1.3 billion center, which opened on December 16, 1997, is also well known for its architecture, gardens, and views overlooking Los Angeles...

 in Los Angeles in 2005. He also presented his work on tensegrity
Tensegrity
Tensegrity, tensional integrity or floating compression, is a structural principle based on the use of isolated components in compression inside a net of continuous tension, in such a way that the compressed members do not touch each other and the prestressed tensioned members delineate the...

 and nanobiotechnology at the Boston Museum of Science in 2002 and 2010. His scientific achievements have been highlighted in multiple episodes of Nova
Nova
A nova is a cataclysmic nuclear explosion in a star caused by the accretion of hydrogen on to the surface of a white dwarf star, which ignites and starts nuclear fusion in a runaway manner...

, CBS News Sunday Morning
CBS News Sunday Morning
CBS News Sunday Morning is an American television news magazine program created by Robert Northshield and original host Charles Kuralt. The program has aired continuously since January 28, 1979 on the CBS Television Network, airing in the Eastern US on Sunday from 9:00 to 10:30 a.m...

, National Public Radio, Studio 360
Studio 360
Studio 360 is an American weekly public radio program about media, the arts and culture hosted by novelist Kurt Andersen and produced by PRI Public Radio International and WNYC in New York City. The program's stated goal is to "Get inside the creative mind" and uses arts and culture as a lens to...

, Cablevision, and Netherlands Public Broadcasting, among others.

Awards and achievements

Ingber has authored 300 publications in scientific journals, and is an inventor on more than 35 patents in fields ranging from anti-cancer therapeutics, tissue engineering, medical devices, drug delivery systems, biomimetic materials, and nanotechnologies to bioinformatics software. Among his many important clinically relevant innovations is the discovery of the first angiogenesis inhibitor compound (TNP-470) to enter clinical trials for cancer and development of a nanomagnetic blood cleaning device that could reduce deaths from sepsis in hospital patients[4] . He serves on the editorial advisory boards of numerous scientific journals, and he has cofounded two biotechnology start-ups.

Ingber's many scientific accomplishments have been recognized with numerous awards and distinctions. In 2010, he received the Lifetime Achievement Award from the Society for In Vitro Biology and the Rous-Whipple Award from the American Society for Investigative Pathology[6] . In 2009, he received the Pritzker Award from the Biomedical Engineering Society. In 2008, he received a Breast Cancer Innovator Award[8] from the Department of Defense. In 2002, he was named to Esquire's list of the world's "Best and Brightest." In 2000, he received the John F. and Virginia B. Taplin Award from Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology.

Ingber has also been named to multiple Who's Who lists including: Business Leaders and Professionals—Honors Edition (2007), Medicine and Healthcare (1999), the World (1997), America (1994), and Science and Engineering (1991). From 1991 to 1996, he was the recipient of an American Cancer Society
American Cancer Society
The American Cancer Society is the "nationwide community-based voluntary health organization" dedicated, in their own words, "to eliminating cancer as a major health problem by preventing cancer, saving lives, and diminishing suffering from cancer, through research, education, advocacy, and...

Faculty Research Award.

Personal life

Ingber lives with his wife, son, and cat in Boston and in Chilmark, Massachusetts. His interests and activities outside of science include art and architecture, as well as writing scripts for stage and television, drawing cartoons for postcards, and writing for the lay public.

External links

The source of this article is wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.  The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.
 
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