Diasystem

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• Bulgarian
  Bulgarian language
  
  Bulgarian is an Indo-European languages, a member of the Slavic languages linguistic group.Bulgarian demonstrates several linguistic innovations that set it apart from all other Slavic languages except Macedonian language, such as the elimination of grammatical case, the development of a suffixed definite article , the lack of a verb infin...
  -Macedonian
  Macedonian language
  
  Macedonian is the official language of the Republic of Macedonia and is a part of the Eastern group of South Slavic languages. Macedonian is closely related to and shares a high degree of mutual intelligibility with the Bulgarian language, Serbian language, Bosnian language, and Croatian language languages....
  
• Czech-Slovak
• Central South Slavic (Bosnian
  Bosnian language
  
  Bosnian , sometimes referred as Bosniak/Bosniac language , is a South Slavic languages native to the Bosniaks and all other citizens of Bosnia and Herzegovina who consider it to be their mother tongue....
  -Croatian
  Croatian language
  
  Croatian language is a South Slavic languages which is used primarily in Croatia, by Croats in Bosnia and Herzegovina, in neighbouring countries where Croats are Indigenous peoples, in Italian region of Molise, and parts of the Croats diaspora....
  -Montenegrin
  Montenegrin language
  
  Montenegrin language is the name given to the Ijekavian-Shtokavian dialect spoken in Montenegro. Generally, it is recognized as a variant of the Serbian language, but some Montenegrins refer to their specific dialect as a language on its own....
  -Serbian
  Serbian language
  
  name=Serbian|nativename=|pronunciation=['sr?pski?]|familycolor=Indo-European|map=|states=See below under "Official status", besides that in Croatia and as an immigrant's language spread over Central Europe and Western Europe, as well as Northern America...
  )
• Ukrainian
  Ukrainian language
  
  Ukrainian is a language of the East Slavic languages of the Slavic languages. It is the official language of Ukraine. In some areas of Russia there are dialects, Balachka or Surzhyk, which are the Ukrainianized versions of the Russian language....
  -Rusyn
  Rusyn language
  
  Rusyn is an East Slavic languages that is spoken by the Rusyns. Opinions differ among linguists concerning whether Rusyn is a separate East Slavic language or a dialect of Ukrainian language....
  

• Franco-Norman
  Norman language
  
  Norman is a Romance languages and one of the Langues d'o?l. The northern Norman can be classified in the septentrional O?l languages with Picard language and Walloon language....
   (French
  French language
  
  French is a Romance language spoken around the world by around 80 million people as first language, by 190 million as second language, and by about another 200 million people as an acquired tongue, with significant speakers in 54 countries....
  -Dgèrnésiais
  Dgèrnésiais
  
  Guern?siais, also known as Dg?rn?siais, Guernsey French, Guernsey Norman French, is the variety of Norman language spoken in Guernsey....
  -Jèrriais
  Jèrriais
  
  J?rriais is the form of the Norman language spoken in Jersey, in the Channel Islands, off the coast of France. It has been in decline over the past century as English language has increasingly become the language of education, commerce and administration....
  -Sercquiais
  Sercquiais
  
  also known as 'Sarkese' or 'Sark-French' is the Norman language dialect of the Channel Islands of Sark. In the island it is sometimes known, slightly disparagingly, as the "patois", a French term meaning "regional language"....
  )
• Occitano-Romance languages
  Occitano-Romance languages
  
  The Occitano-Romance branch of Romance languages encompasses the dialects pertaining to the Occitan language and the Catalan language languages situated in France , Spain , Andorra, Monaco, parts of Italy , and historically in the County of Tripoli and the possessions of the Crown of Aragon....
   (Occitan
  Occitan language
  
  Occitan , known also as Lenga d'?c or Langue d'oc is a Romance languages spoken in Occitania, that is, Southern France, the Occitan Valleys of Italy, Monaco and in the Aran Valley of Spain....
  -Catalan
  Catalan language
  
  Catalan is a Romance languages, the national language and official language of Andorra, and a official language in the Autonomous Communities of Spain of the Balearic Islands, Catalonia and Valencian Community and in the city of Alghero in the Italy List of islands in the Mediterranean of Sardinia....
  -Valencian)
• Galician-Portuguese
  Galician-Portuguese
  
  Galician-Portuguese was a West Iberian languages spoken in the Middle Ages, in the northwest area of the Iberian Peninsula. It was first spoken in the area between the Bay of Biscay and the Douro River, but it expanded South with the Reconquista....
   (Galician
  Galician language
  
  Galician is a language of the Iberian Romance languages branch, spoken in Galicia , an Autonomous communities of Spain located in northwestern Spain, as well as in small bordering zones in the neighbouring autonomous communities of Asturias and Castile and Le?n and in Northern Portugal....
  -Portuguese
  Portuguese language
  
  Portuguese is a Romance language that originated in what is now Galicia and Portugal. It is derived from the Latin language spoken by the Romanization Pre-Roman peoples of the Iberian Peninsula around 2000 years ago....
  )
• Romanian
  Romanian language
  
  Romanian or Daco-Romanian ; self-designation: limba rom?na, ) is a Romance languages spoken by around 24 to 28 million people, primarily in Romania and Moldova....
  -Moldovan
  Moldovan language
  
  Moldovan , written in the Latin alphabet, is the name of the official language of the Moldova. The language spoken in Moldova is identical to Romanian language, sharing the same literary standard....
  -Istro-Romanian
  Istro-Romanian language
  
  Istro-Romanian is an Eastern Romance languages, or a dialect of the Romanian language. Of all the Romanian languages/dialects that are spoken outside of present-day Romania, it is the closest linguistically to the official language of the country of Romania, Daco-Romanian....
  
• Spanish
  Spanish language
  
  Spanish or Castilian is a Romance languages that originated in northern Spain, and gradually spread in the Kingdom of Castile and evolved into the principal language of government and trade....
  -Ladino
• Tuscan
  Tuscan dialect
  
  The Tuscan dialect or the Tuscan language is an Italian dialects spoken in Tuscany, Italy. In many respects it wandered less than other Romance dialects from the Latin language and evolved linearly and homogeneously, without major influences from other foreign languages....
   (Italian
  Italian language
  
  Italian is a Romance languages spoken by about 63 million people as a first language, primarily in Italy. In Switzerland, Italian is one of four Linguistic geography of Switzerlands....
  -Corsican
  Corsican language
  
  Corsican is a continuum of Romance languages spoken and written on the islands of Corsica and northern Sardinia , alongside French language and Italian language, which are the official languages....
  )

• Swedish
  Swedish language
  
  Swedish is a North Germanic languages language, spoken by around 10 million people, predominantly in Sweden and parts of Finland, especially along the coast and on the ?land islands....
  -Danish
  Danish language
  
  Danish is one of the North Germanic languages , a sub-group of the Germanic languages branch of the Indo-European languages. It is spoken by around 6 million people, mainly in Denmark; the language is also used by the 50,000 Danes in the northern parts of Schleswig-Holstein in Germany where it holds the status of minority language....
  -Bokmål Norwegian
  Bokmål
  
  Bokm?l , also known as Riksm?l or Dano-Norwegian, is the more commonly used of the two Norwegian language written standard languages, the other being Nynorsk....
  -Nynorsk Norwegian
  Nynorsk
  
  Nynorsk is one of the two official Norwegian language standard languages, the other being Bokm?l. Just above 10% of the Norwegian population use Nynorsk as their primary written language....
  
• Yiddish-German
  German language
  
  German is a West Germanic languages, thus related to and classified alongside English language and Dutch language. It is one of the world's world language and the most widely spoken mother tongue in the European Union....
  
• Afrikaans
  Afrikaans
  
  Afrikaans is an Indo-European language, derived from Dutch language and thus classified as Low Franconian languages West Germanic languages. It is mainly spoken in South Africa and Namibia, with smaller numbers of speakers living in Botswana, Angola, Swaziland, Zimbabwe, Lesotho, Zambia, Australia, New Zealand, United States of America, Taiwa...
  -Dutch
  Dutch language
  
  Dutch is a West Germanic languages spoken by over 22 million people as a first language, and about 5 million people as a second language."1% of the EU population claims to speak Dutch well enough in order to have a conversation." Outside the European Union the number of second language speakers of Dutch is very small. Most native...
  
• English
  English language
  
  English is a West Germanic language that originated in Anglo-Saxon England and has lingua franca status in many parts of the world as a result of the military, economic, scientific, political and cultural influence of the British Empire in the 18th, 19th and early 20th centuries and that of the United States from the mid 20th century onwa...
  -Scots
  Scots language
  
  Scots or Lowland Scots refers to the Germanic Variety derived from Middle English spoken in parts of Lowland Scotland, Northern Ireland and the border areas of the Republic of Ireland....
  

• Filipino
  Filipino language
  
  The Filipino language is the national language and an official language of the Philippines as designated in the 1987 Philippine Constitution. It is an Austronesian language that is the de facto standard language of Tagalog language....
  -Tagalog
  Tagalog language
  
  Tagalog is one of the major languages used in the Philippines. It is a basis for the Filipino language, which is the principal language of the national television and radio, though broadsheet newspapers are almost completely in English....
  
• Malay
  Malay language
  
  The Malay language is an Austronesian languages spoken by the Malays and people of other ethnic groups who reside in Peninsular Malaysia, southern Thailand, Singapore, central eastern Sumatra, the Riau Islands and parts of the coast of Borneo....
   (Malaysian
  Malay language
  
  The Malay language is an Austronesian languages spoken by the Malays and people of other ethnic groups who reside in Peninsular Malaysia, southern Thailand, Singapore, central eastern Sumatra, the Riau Islands and parts of the coast of Borneo....
  -Indonesian
  Indonesian language
  
  Indonesian is the official national language of Indonesia. It is based on a version of Malay language from the Riau islands in western Indonesia, today called Riau Indonesian....
  )

• Hindustani
  Hindustani
  
  Hindustani is an adjectival form of Hindustan which originally meant people from the whole geographical region of Indian subcontinent, though latterly it is used mainly to describe a region in northern India, east and south of Yamuna river, between the Vindhya mountains and the Himalayas, where Hindustani language is spoken and is the origin...
   (Hindi
  Hindi
  
  Standard Hindi, also known as High Hindi, Nagari Hindi or Literary Hindi is a Standard language register of Hindi. It is one of the 22 official languages of India, and is used, along with English language, for administration of the central government....
  -Urdu
  Urdu
  
  Urdu is a Central_Indo-Aryan_languages#Central_Zone_.28Madhya_or_Hindi.29 Indo-Aryan languages of the Indo-Iranian languages, belonging to the Indo-European languages family of languages....
  )
• Persian
  Persian language
  
  name=Persian|nativename=|pronunciation=[f??r'si]|image=|caption=Farsi in Perso-Arabic script |states= Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, and Bahrain....
  -Tajik
  Tajik language
  
  The Tajik language, or Tajik Persian, or Tajiki, is a modern variety of the Persian language spoken in Central Asia. An Indo-European languages language of the Iranian languages language group, most speakers of Tajik live in Tajikistan and Uzbekistan....
  -Dari
  Dari (Afghanistan)
  
  Dari or Dari Persian , also known as Eastern Persian, is a historical name for the Persian language and, in contemporary usage refers to the dialects of the Persian language that are spoken in Afghanistan....
  

• Irish
  Irish language
  
  Irish , also known as Irish Gaelic, is a Goidelic languages of the Indo-European language family, originating in Ireland and historically spoken by the Irish people....
  -Scottish Gaelic
  Scottish Gaelic language
  
  Scottish Gaelic is a member of the Goidelic languages branch of Celtic languages. This branch also includes the Irish language and Manx language languages....
  

• Lao
  Lao language
  
  Lao or Laotian is a tonal language of the Kradai language family. It is the official language of Laos, and also spoken in the northeast of Thailand, where it is usually referred to as the Isan language....
  -Isan
  Isan language
  
  Isan is the principal language of the Isan region of Thailand. A tonal language of the Tai languages, it is the main language of trade and communication in the Isan region, except for in cities and in media where it gives way to Thai language....
  

• Mandarin Chinese-Dungan
  Dungan language
  
  The Dungan language is a Spoken Chinese spoken by the Dungan people of Central Asia, an ethnic group related to the Hui people of China....
  

• Tatar
  Tatar language
  
  The Tatar language is a Turkic languages language spoken by the Tatars....
  -Bashkir
  Bashkir language
  
  The Bashkir language is a Turkic languages....
  
• Uyghur
  Uyghur language
  
  Uyghur is a Turkic language spoken by the Uyghur people in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, a Central Asian region administered by People's Republic of China....
  -Uzbek
  Uzbek language
  
  Uzbek is a Turkic languages and the official language of Uzbekistan. It has about 23.5 million native speakers, and it is spoken by the Uzbeks in Uzbekistan and elsewhere in Central Asia....
  

• Finnish
  Finnish language
  
  Finnish is the language spoken by the majority of the population in Finland and by Finnish people outside of Finland. It is one of the official languages of Finland and an official minority language in Sweden....
  -Meänkieli
  Meänkieli
  
  Me?nkieli is a Finno-Ugric language spoken in the most northern parts of Sweden, around the valley of the Torne River. From a linguistic point of view Me?nkieli is a mutually intelligible dialect of Finnish language, but for political and historical reasons it has the status of a minority language in Sweden....
  -Kven
  Kven language
  
  The Kven language, also known as Kvennish, is a Finno-Ugric language, spoken mostly by the Kven population in Northern Norway. From a linguistic point of view the Kven language is a mutually intelligible dialect of Finnish language, but for political and historical reasons it received in 2005 status of a legal minority language in Norw...
  

See also

• Dialect continuum
  Dialect continuum
  
  A dialect continuum is a range of dialects spoken across a large geographical area, differing only slightly between areas that are geographically close, and gradually decreasing in mutual intelligibility as the distances become greater....
  
• Pluricentric language
  Pluricentric language
  
  A pluricentric language is a language with several Standard language versions, both in spoken and in orthography. This situation usually arises when language and the nation of its native speakers do not coincide....
  
• Standard language
  Standard language
  
  A standard language is a particular variety of a language that has been given either legal or quasi-legal status. As it is usually the form promoted in schools and the media, it is usually considered by speakers of the language to be more "correct" in some sense than other dialects....
  
• Ausbausprache - Abstandsprache - Dachsprache
  Ausbausprache - Abstandsprache - Dachsprache
  
  The Ausbausprache - Abstandsprache - Dachsprache framework is a tool developed by Sociolinguistics for analysing and categorising the status of language variety along the wikt:cline between autonomous languages on the one hand and dialects on the other....
  

External links