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Device Independent also is the full name of the DVI file format
DVI (file format)

The Device independent file format is the output file format of the TeX typesetting program, designed by David R. Fuchs in 1979. Unlike the TeX markup files used to generate them, DVI files are not intended to be human-readable; they consist of binary file describing the visual layout of a document in a manner not reliant on any specific , c...
.
A program
Computer program

Computer programs are Instruction for a computer. A computer requires programs to function. Moreover, a computer program does not run unless its instructions are executed by a Central processing unit; however, a program may communicate an Algorithm#Formalization of algorithms to people without running....
 or file
Computer file

A computer file is a block of arbitrary information, or resource for storing information, which is available to a computer program and is usually based on some kind of durable computer storage....
 is device independent when its function is universal on different types of device.

For the Web, this means writing simple common denominator HTML&CSS so that most Web browsers on most devices can render it.

For programs, this generally means that it is written in a metalanguage
Metalanguage

In logic and linguistics, a metalanguage is a language used to make statements about statements in another language which is called the object language....
 that can be read by any platform.






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Device Independent also is the full name of the DVI file format
DVI (file format)

The Device independent file format is the output file format of the TeX typesetting program, designed by David R. Fuchs in 1979. Unlike the TeX markup files used to generate them, DVI files are not intended to be human-readable; they consist of binary file describing the visual layout of a document in a manner not reliant on any specific , c...
.
A program
Computer program

Computer programs are Instruction for a computer. A computer requires programs to function. Moreover, a computer program does not run unless its instructions are executed by a Central processing unit; however, a program may communicate an Algorithm#Formalization of algorithms to people without running....
 or file
Computer file

A computer file is a block of arbitrary information, or resource for storing information, which is available to a computer program and is usually based on some kind of durable computer storage....
 is device independent when its function is universal on different types of device.

For the Web, this means writing simple common denominator HTML&CSS so that most Web browsers on most devices can render it.

For programs, this generally means that it is written in a metalanguage
Metalanguage

In logic and linguistics, a metalanguage is a language used to make statements about statements in another language which is called the object language....
 that can be read by any platform. A program that was not originally written for a certain environment can be ported
Porting

In computer science, porting is the process of adapting software so that an executable Computer program can be created for a computing environment that is different from the one for which it was originally designed ....
, i.e. the code can be adapted for a certain platform and compiled
Compiler

A compiler is a computer program that transforms source code written in a programming language into another computer language . The most common reason for wanting to transform source code is to create an executable program....
 for the platform it will be functioning in. Unfortunately, this can lead to confusion if the user interface
User interface

The user interface is the aggregate of means by which people—the User s—Interaction with the system—a particular machine, device, computer program or other complex tools....
 still resembles the one for the platform it was initially designed for.

For files, device independence means that software (or, theoretically, hardware
Computer hardware

A personal computer is made up of computer hardware, multiple physical components onto which can be loaded into a multitude of software that perform the functions of the computer....
) is in place that can interpret the file and allow the user to view or manipulate it. Good examples of cross-platform
Cross-platform

In computing, cross-platform is a term used to refer to computer software or computing methods and concepts that are implemented and inter-operate on multiple computer platforms....
 or device independent file formats are HTML
HTML

HTML, an Acronym and initialism of HyperText Markup Language, is the predominant markup language for Web pages. It provides a means to describe the structure of text-based information in a document?by denoting certain text as links, headings, paragraphs, lists, and so on?and to supplement that text with interactive forms, embedded '...
 and PDF
Portable Document Format

Portable Document Format is a file format created by Adobe Systems in 1993 for document exchange. PDF is used for representing two-dimensional documents in a manner independent of the application software, hardware, and operating system....
, GIF
GIF

The Graphics Interchange Format is a Raster graphics that was introduced by CompuServe in 1987 and has since come into widespread usage on the World Wide Web due to its wide support and portability....
 and JPG.

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