Crotoniidae
Encyclopedia
Crotoniidae are a family of mites
of the Desmonomata group that may be the first animal lineage to have abandoned sexual reproduction
and then reevolved it. This is a spectacular case of atavism
, and later convergent evolution
.
MITES
MITES, or Minority Introduction to Engineering and Science, is a highly selective six-week summer program for rising high school seniors held at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Its purpose is to expose students from minority, or otherwise disadvantaged backgrounds, to the fields of...
of the Desmonomata group that may be the first animal lineage to have abandoned sexual reproduction
Sexual reproduction
Sexual reproduction is the creation of a new organism by combining the genetic material of two organisms. There are two main processes during sexual reproduction; they are: meiosis, involving the halving of the number of chromosomes; and fertilization, involving the fusion of two gametes and the...
and then reevolved it. This is a spectacular case of atavism
Atavism
Atavism is the tendency to revert to ancestral type. In biology, an atavism is an evolutionary throwback, such as traits reappearing which had disappeared generations before. Atavisms can occur in several ways...
, and later convergent evolution
Convergent evolution
Convergent evolution describes the acquisition of the same biological trait in unrelated lineages.The wing is a classic example of convergent evolution in action. Although their last common ancestor did not have wings, both birds and bats do, and are capable of powered flight. The wings are...
.
Species
- Crotonia Thorell, 1876
- Crotonia alluaudi (Berlese, 1916) — Africa
- Crotonia americana (Berlese, 1901) — South America
- Crotonia ardala Luxton, 1987 — AustraliaAustraliaAustralia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area...
- Crotonia blaszaki Szywilewska, Olszanowski & Norton, 2005 — ChileChileChile ,officially the Republic of Chile , is a country in South America occupying a long, narrow coastal strip between the Andes mountains to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. It borders Peru to the north, Bolivia to the northeast, Argentina to the east, and the Drake Passage in the far...
- Crotonia borbora Luxton, 1987 — Australia
- Crotonia brassicae Wallwork, 1977 — St. Helena
- Crotonia brevicornuta (Wallwork, 1966) — Antarctica
- Crotonia camelus (Berlese, 1910) — New CaledoniaNew CaledoniaNew Caledonia is a special collectivity of France located in the southwest Pacific Ocean, east of Australia and about from Metropolitan France. The archipelago, part of the Melanesia subregion, includes the main island of Grande Terre, the Loyalty Islands, the Belep archipelago, the Isle of...
- Crotonia capistrata Luxton, 1987 — Australia
- Crotonia caudalis (Hammer, 1966) — New ZealandNew ZealandNew Zealand is an island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses and numerous smaller islands. The country is situated some east of Australia across the Tasman Sea, and roughly south of the Pacific island nations of New Caledonia, Fiji, and Tonga...
- Crotonia cervicorna Luxton, 1982 — New Zealand
- Crotonia chiloensis Wallwork, 1977 — Chile
- Crotonia cophinaria (Michael, 1908) — Argentina, New Zealand
- Crotonia cupulata Luxton, 1982 — New Zealand
- Crotonia dicella Colloff, 1990 — Natal, South AfricaNatal, South AfricaNatal is a region in South Africa. It stretches between the Indian Ocean in the south and east, the Drakensberg in the west, and the Lebombo Mountains in the north. The main cities are Pietermaritzburg and Durban...
- Crotonia ecphyla Colloff, 1990 — Natal
- Crotonia flagellata (Balogh & Csiszar, 1963) — South America
- Crotonia jethurmerae Lee, 1985 — South AustraliaSouth AustraliaSouth Australia is a state of Australia in the southern central part of the country. It covers some of the most arid parts of the continent; with a total land area of , it is the fourth largest of Australia's six states and two territories.South Australia shares borders with all of the mainland...
- Crotonia lanceolata Wallwork, 1977 — St. Helena
- Crotonia longibulbula Luxton, 1982 — New Zealand
- Crotonia lyrata Colloff, 1990 — Natal
- Crotonia marlenae Olszanowski, 1997 — Serra do MarSerra do MarSerra do Mar is a 1,500 km long system of mountain ranges and escarpments in Southeastern Brazil, which runs in parallel to the Atlantic Ocean coast from the state of Espírito Santo to southern Santa Catarina, although some include Serra Geral in the Serra do Mar, in which case this range...
, Parati area; BrazilBrazilBrazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population with over 192 million people... - Crotonia nukuhivae (Jacot, 1934) — Pacific islands
- Crotonia obtecta (Cambridge, 1875) — Chile, New Zealand
- Crotonia ovata Olszanowski, 2000 — Hellyer River gorge: TasmaniaTasmaniaTasmania is an Australian island and state. It is south of the continent, separated by Bass Strait. The state includes the island of Tasmania—the 26th largest island in the world—and the surrounding islands. The state has a population of 507,626 , of whom almost half reside in the greater Hobart...
- Crotonia pauropelor Colloff, 1990 — Natal
- Crotonia perforata Wallwork, 1977 — St. Helena
- Crotonia pulchra (Beck, 1962) — Neotropics
- Crotonia reticulata Luxton, 1982 — New Zealand
- Crotonia rothschildi (Berlese, 1916) — EthiopiaEthiopiaEthiopia , officially known as the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a country located in the Horn of Africa. It is the second-most populous nation in Africa, with over 82 million inhabitants, and the tenth-largest by area, occupying 1,100,000 km2...
- Crotonia tryjanowskii Olszanowski, 2000 — New England N.P.: New South WalesNew South WalesNew South Wales is a state of :Australia, located in the east of the country. It is bordered by Queensland, Victoria and South Australia to the north, south and west respectively. To the east, the state is bordered by the Tasman Sea, which forms part of the Pacific Ocean. New South Wales...
- Crotonia tuberculata Luxton, 1982 — New Zealand
- Crotonia unguifera (Michael, 1908) New Zealand
- Holonothrus Wallwork, 1963
- Holonothrus artus Olszanowski, 1999 — Aisen, Queulat National Park, Puerto Cisnes area: ChileChileChile ,officially the Republic of Chile , is a country in South America occupying a long, narrow coastal strip between the Andes mountains to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. It borders Peru to the north, Bolivia to the northeast, Argentina to the east, and the Drake Passage in the far...
; MelanesiaMelanesiaMelanesia is a subregion of Oceania extending from the western end of the Pacific Ocean to the Arafura Sea, and eastward to Fiji. The region comprises most of the islands immediately north and northeast of Australia... - Holonothrus concavus Wallwork, 1966 — Antarctica
- Holonothrus foliatus Wallwork, 1963 — Antarctica
- Holonothrus gracilis Olszanowski, 1997 — South Island, Nelson Lakes National Park: New Zealand
- Holonothrus mitis Olszanowski, 1991 — Tasmania, Australia
- Holonothrus naskreckii Olszanowski, 1997 — South Island, Nelson Lakes National Park; New Zealand
- Holonothrus nortoni Olszanowski, 1999 — Dominica, Trois Pitons: Leeward IslandsLeeward IslandsThe Leeward Islands are a group of islands in the West Indies. They are the northern islands of the Lesser Antilles chain. As a group they start east of Puerto Rico and reach southward to Dominica. They are situated where the northeastern Caribbean Sea meets the western Atlantic Ocean...
- Holonothrus novaecaledoniae Olszanowski, 1997 — Mount Paine: New CaledoniaNew CaledoniaNew Caledonia is a special collectivity of France located in the southwest Pacific Ocean, east of Australia and about from Metropolitan France. The archipelago, part of the Melanesia subregion, includes the main island of Grande Terre, the Loyalty Islands, the Belep archipelago, the Isle of...
- Holonothrus papua Balogh & Balogh, 1986 — Papua New GuineaPapua New GuineaPapua New Guinea , officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea, is a country in Oceania, occupying the eastern half of the island of New Guinea and numerous offshore islands...
- Holonothrus pulcher Hammer, 1966 — New Zealand
- Holonothrus robustus Olszanowski, 1991 — Tasmania, Australia
- Holonothrus venetiolanus Olszanowski, 1999 — Merida, Laguna Negra: VenezuelaVenezuelaVenezuela , officially called the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela , is a tropical country on the northern coast of South America. It borders Colombia to the west, Guyana to the east, and Brazil to the south...
; neotropical - Holonothrus virungensis Norton & Olszanowski, 1989 — Congo: KinshasaKinshasaKinshasa is the capital and largest city of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The city is located on the Congo River....