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Comparative Toxicogenomics Database

 

 
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Comparative Toxicogenomics Database
 
 
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The (CTD) is a public website and research tool that curates scientific data describing relationships between chemicals, genes, and human diseases.

The database is maintained by the Department of Bioinformatics at in Salisbury Cove, Maine.

of the primary goals of CTD is to advance the understanding of the effects of environmental chemicals on human health.

The etiology
Etiology

Etiology is the study of Causality. The word is derived from the Ancient Greek , aitiologia, "giving a reason for" .The word is most commonly used in medical and philosophical theories, where it is used to refer to the study of why things occur, or even the reasons behind the way that things act, and is used in philosophy, physics, psy...
 of many chronic diseases involves interactions between environmental factors and genes that modulate important physiological processes.






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The (CTD) is a public website and research tool that curates scientific data describing relationships between chemicals, genes, and human diseases.

The database is maintained by the Department of Bioinformatics at in Salisbury Cove, Maine.

Goals and objectives

One of the primary goals of CTD is to advance the understanding of the effects of environmental chemicals on human health.

The etiology
Etiology

Etiology is the study of Causality. The word is derived from the Ancient Greek , aitiologia, "giving a reason for" .The word is most commonly used in medical and philosophical theories, where it is used to refer to the study of why things occur, or even the reasons behind the way that things act, and is used in philosophy, physics, psy...
 of many chronic diseases involves interactions between environmental factors and genes that modulate important physiological processes. Chemicals are an important component of the environment. Conditions such as asthma
Asthma

Asthma is a common chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, in which the Lung constrict, become inflammation, and are lined with excessive amounts of thickened mucus, often in response to one or more triggers....
, cancer
Cancer

Cancer is a class of diseases in which a group of cell display uncontrolled growth , invasion , and sometimes metastasis . These three malignant properties of cancers differentiate them from benign tumors, which are self-limited, do not invade or metastasize....
, diabetes
Diabetes mellitus

Diabetes mellitus , often referred to simply as diabetes , is a syndrome of disordered metabolism, usually due to a combination of genetic disorder and environmental causes, resulting in abnormally high blood sugar levels ....
, hypertension
Hypertension

Hypertension, also referred to as high blood pressure, HTN or HPN, is a medical condition in which the blood pressure is chronically elevated....
, immunodeficiency
Immunodeficiency

Immunodeficiency is a state in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease is compromised or entirely absent. Most cases of immunodeficiency are acquired but some people are born with defects in the immune system, or primary immunodeficiency....
, and Parkinson's disease
Parkinson's disease

Parkinson's disease is a degenerative disorder of the central nervous system that often impairs the sufferer's motor skills and speech, as well as other functions....
 are known to be influenced by the environment; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying these correlations are not well understood. CTD may help resolve these mechanisms.

Core data

CTD is a unique resource where biocurator
Biocurator

A biocurator is a professional scientist who collects, annotates, and validates information that is disseminated by Biology and model organism databases....
s read the scientific literature and manually curate three types of core data:

  • Chemical-gene interactions
  • Chemical-disease associations
  • Gene-disease associations


Data integration

By integrating the above three data sets, CTD automatically constructs putative chemical-gene-disease networks to illuminate molecular mechanisms underlying environmentally-influenced diseases.

Users can search CTD to explore scientific data for chemicals, genes, diseases, or interactions between any of these three concepts. Currently, CTD integrates toxicogenomic data for vertebrates and invertebrates, including 59,000 chemicals, 1.2 million gene and protein sequences (and their associated Gene Ontology
Gene Ontology

The Gene Ontology project, or GO, provides a controlled vocabulary to describe gene and gene product attributes in any organism. It can be broadly split into two parts....
 and KEGG pathway annotations), 83,000 taxonomic terms, and 6,000 human diseases to produce a unique resource for the cross-species analysis of chemical, gene, and disease interactions.

CTD integrates data from or hyperlinks to these databases:
  • GenBank
    GenBank

    The GenBank sequence database is an open access, annotated collection of all publicly available nucleotide sequences and their protein translations....
  • DrugBank
    DrugBank

    The DrugBank database available at the University of Alberta is a unique bioinformatics and cheminformatics resource that combines detailed drug data with comprehensive drug target information....
  • Gene Ontology Consortium
    Gene Ontology

    The Gene Ontology project, or GO, provides a controlled vocabulary to describe gene and gene product attributes in any organism. It can be broadly split into two parts....
  • KEGG
  • NCBI Entrez-Gene
    Entrez

    The Entrez Global Query Cross-Database Search System is a powerful federated search engine, or web portal that allows users to search many discrete health sciences databases at the National Center for Biotechnology Information website....
  • NCBI PubMed
    PubMed

    PubMed is a free search engine for accessing the MEDLINE bibliographic database of citations, abstracts and some full text articles on life sciences and biomedical topics....
  • NLM Medical Subject Headings
    Medical Subject Headings

    Medical Subject Headings is a huge controlled vocabulary for the purpose of index journal articles and books in the life sciences; it can also serve as a thesaurus that facilitates searching....
  • OMIM
    Mendelian Inheritance in Man

    The Mendelian Inheritance in Man project is a database that catalogues all the known diseases with a genetic disorder, and?when possible?links them to the relevant genes in the human genome and provides references for further research and tools for genomic analysis of a catalogued gene....
  • UniProt
    UniProt

    UniProt is the universal protein resource, a central repository of protein data created by combining Swiss-Prot, TrEMBL and Protein Information Resource....


External links