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In many parts of the world, communalism is a modern term that describes a broad range of social movement
Social movement

Social movements are a type of Group action . They are large wiktionary:informal groupings of individuals and/or organizations focused on specific politics or social issues, in other words, on carrying out, resisting or undoing a social change....
s and social theories which are in some way centered upon the community
Community

In biological terms, a community is a group of interacting organisms sharing an environment .In human communities, intention, belief, Natural resource, preferences, Need assessment, risks, and a number of other conditions may be present and common, affecting the Identity of the participants and their degree of cohesiveness....
. Communalism can take the form of communal living
Commune (intentional community)

A commune is an intentional community of people living together, sharing common interests, property, possessions, resources, employment and income....
 or communal property, among others. Communalism is defined as a theory of a society that is divided into several small, independent communes and the state is just a confederation of these communes.

Communalism is often associated with various branches of socialism
Socialism

Socialism refers to a broad set of economic theories of social organization advocating public or state ownership and administration of the means of production and distribution of goods, and a society characterized by equality for all individuals, with a fair or Egalitarianism method of compensation....
, especially communism
Communism

Communism is a socioeconomic structure and political ideology that promotes the establishment of an egalitarianism, classlessness, stateless society based on common ownership and control of the means of production and property in general....
 (and, in particular, religious communism
Religious communism

Religious communism is a form of communism centered on religion principles. The term usually refers to a number of Egalitarianism and utopian religious societies practicing the voluntary dissolution of private property, so that society's benefits are distributed according to a person's needs, and every person performs labor according to the...
 or primitive communism
Primitive communism

Primitive communism is:A term usually associated with Karl Marx, but most fully elaborated by Friedrich Engels , and referring to the collective right to basic resources, egalitarianism in social relationships, and absence of authoritarian rule and hierarchy that is supposed to have preceded stratification and exploitation in human history....
) and most anarchist philosophies.






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In many parts of the world, communalism is a modern term that describes a broad range of social movement
Social movement

Social movements are a type of Group action . They are large wiktionary:informal groupings of individuals and/or organizations focused on specific politics or social issues, in other words, on carrying out, resisting or undoing a social change....
s and social theories which are in some way centered upon the community
Community

In biological terms, a community is a group of interacting organisms sharing an environment .In human communities, intention, belief, Natural resource, preferences, Need assessment, risks, and a number of other conditions may be present and common, affecting the Identity of the participants and their degree of cohesiveness....
. Communalism can take the form of communal living
Commune (intentional community)

A commune is an intentional community of people living together, sharing common interests, property, possessions, resources, employment and income....
 or communal property, among others. Communalism is defined as a theory of a society that is divided into several small, independent communes and the state is just a confederation of these communes.

Communalism is often associated with various branches of socialism
Socialism

Socialism refers to a broad set of economic theories of social organization advocating public or state ownership and administration of the means of production and distribution of goods, and a society characterized by equality for all individuals, with a fair or Egalitarianism method of compensation....
, especially communism
Communism

Communism is a socioeconomic structure and political ideology that promotes the establishment of an egalitarianism, classlessness, stateless society based on common ownership and control of the means of production and property in general....
 (and, in particular, religious communism
Religious communism

Religious communism is a form of communism centered on religion principles. The term usually refers to a number of Egalitarianism and utopian religious societies practicing the voluntary dissolution of private property, so that society's benefits are distributed according to a person's needs, and every person performs labor according to the...
 or primitive communism
Primitive communism

Primitive communism is:A term usually associated with Karl Marx, but most fully elaborated by Friedrich Engels , and referring to the collective right to basic resources, egalitarianism in social relationships, and absence of authoritarian rule and hierarchy that is supposed to have preceded stratification and exploitation in human history....
) and most anarchist philosophies. The term "communalism" is often used instead of "communism" as a way to denote those communal societies that are not based on Marxism
Marxism

Marxism is the political philosophy and practice derived from the work of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. Marxism holds at its core a Marxist analysis of Critique of capitalism and a theory of social change....
.

It is sometimes said to put the interests of the community above the interests of the individual, but this is usually only done on the principle that the community exists for the benefit of the individuals who participate in it, so the best way to serve the interests of the individual is through the interests of the community.

Communalism in the Indian subcontinent

In the Indian subcontinent
Indian subcontinent

The Indian subcontinent is a large section of the Asian continent consisting of the land lying substantially on the Indian Plate. The subcontinent includes parts of various countries in South Asia, including those on the continental crust , an Island#Continental islands country on the continental shelf , and an Island#Oceanic islands countr...
, the term "communalism" has taken on a very different meaning, namely that of a religion- and, more specifically, ethnicity-based sectarianism
Sectarianism

Sectarianism is bigotry, discrimination, prejudice or hatred arising from attaching importance to perceived differences between subdivisions within a group, such as between different denominations of a religion or the factions of a political movement....
 promoting communal violence
Communal violence

Communal violence refers to a situation where violence is perpetrated across ethnic lines, and victims are chosen based upon ethnic group membership....
, espoused by many political movements.

See also

  • Murray Bookchin
    Murray Bookchin

    Murray Bookchin was an United States Libertarian socialism, political and social philosopher, speaker and writer. For much of his life he called himself an anarchist, although as early as 1995 he privately renounced his identification with the anarchist movement....
  • Libertarian Municipalism
    Libertarian municipalism

    Libertarian municipalism is a term first used by the well-known libertarian socialist theorist Murray Bookchin, and is used to describe a system in which libertarian socialism institutions of directly democratic assemblies would oppose and replace the state with a confederation of free municipalities....
  • Communitarianism
    Communitarianism

    Communitarianism, as a group of related but distinct philosophies, began in the late 20th century, opposing in its opinion exalted forms of individualism while advocating phenomena such as civil society....