Ciridops
Encyclopedia
Ciridops is an extinct genus of Hawaiian honeycreeper
species that occurred in prehistoric and historic times on the Hawaiian islands of Hawai'i, Molokai
, Kauai
and Oahu
. This genus was created in 1892 by Alfred Newton
in an article published by the journal Nature
on the basis of the [[ʻUla-ʻai-Hawane]], which was named Fringilla anna by Sanford B. Dole
in 1879.
The bill of these birds was strong. The culmen was arched, and the maxilla overlapped the mandible at the base. The nostrils were covered by a membrane. The wings were large and the tail was moderate with pointed rectrices. The nearest relatives might have been from the genus Loxops
.
The [[ʻUla-ʻai-Hawane]] which was last seen in 1892 is the only species that survived into historic times, three others Ciridops cf. anna from Molokai
, Ciridops sp. from Oahu
, and the Stout-legged Finch
(Ciridops tenax) from Kauai
are only known from subfossil remains found in late quaternary deposits.
Hawaiian honeycreeper
Hawaiian honeycreepers are small, passerine birds endemic to Hawaii. Some authorities still categorize this group as a family Drepanididae, but in recent years, most authorities consider them a subfamily, Drepanidinae, of Fringillidae, the finch family...
species that occurred in prehistoric and historic times on the Hawaiian islands of Hawai'i, Molokai
Molokai
Molokai or Molokai is an island in the Hawaiian archipelago. It is 38 by 10 miles in size with a land area of , making it the fifth largest of the main Hawaiian Islands and the 27th largest island in the United States. It lies east of Oahu across the 25-mile wide Kaiwi Channel and north of...
, Kauai
Kauai
Kauai or Kauai, known as Tauai in the ancient Kaua'i dialect, is geologically the oldest of the main Hawaiian Islands. With an area of , it is the fourth largest of the main islands in the Hawaiian archipelago, and the 21st largest island in the United States. Known also as the "Garden Isle",...
and Oahu
Oahu
Oahu or Oahu , known as "The Gathering Place", is the third largest of the Hawaiian Islands and most populous of the islands in the U.S. state of Hawaii. The state capital Honolulu is located on the southeast coast...
. This genus was created in 1892 by Alfred Newton
Alfred Newton
Alfred Newton FRS was an English zoologist and ornithologist.Newton was Professor of Comparative Anatomy at Cambridge University from 1866 to 1907...
in an article published by the journal Nature
Nature (journal)
Nature, first published on 4 November 1869, is ranked the world's most cited interdisciplinary scientific journal by the Science Edition of the 2010 Journal Citation Reports...
on the basis of the [[ʻUla-ʻai-Hawane]], which was named Fringilla anna by Sanford B. Dole
Sanford B. Dole
Sanford Ballard Dole was a lawyer and jurist in the Hawaiian Islands as a kingdom, protectorate, republic and territory...
in 1879.
The bill of these birds was strong. The culmen was arched, and the maxilla overlapped the mandible at the base. The nostrils were covered by a membrane. The wings were large and the tail was moderate with pointed rectrices. The nearest relatives might have been from the genus Loxops
Loxops
Loxops is a Hawaiian honeycreeper genus in the finch family, Fringillidae.It contains the following species:* [[ʻAkekeʻe]] * [[ʻAkepa]]...
.
The [[ʻUla-ʻai-Hawane]] which was last seen in 1892 is the only species that survived into historic times, three others Ciridops cf. anna from Molokai
Molokai
Molokai or Molokai is an island in the Hawaiian archipelago. It is 38 by 10 miles in size with a land area of , making it the fifth largest of the main Hawaiian Islands and the 27th largest island in the United States. It lies east of Oahu across the 25-mile wide Kaiwi Channel and north of...
, Ciridops sp. from Oahu
Oahu
Oahu or Oahu , known as "The Gathering Place", is the third largest of the Hawaiian Islands and most populous of the islands in the U.S. state of Hawaii. The state capital Honolulu is located on the southeast coast...
, and the Stout-legged Finch
Stout-legged Finch
The Stout-legged Finch is an extinct species of finch in the Hawaiian honeycreeper subfamily, Drepanidinae. Subfossil remains have only been found on the island of Kauai and indicate that it survived up until the late Quaternary period....
(Ciridops tenax) from Kauai
Kauai
Kauai or Kauai, known as Tauai in the ancient Kaua'i dialect, is geologically the oldest of the main Hawaiian Islands. With an area of , it is the fourth largest of the main islands in the Hawaiian archipelago, and the 21st largest island in the United States. Known also as the "Garden Isle",...
are only known from subfossil remains found in late quaternary deposits.
Species
- [[ʻUla-ʻai-Hawane]] (Ciridops anna) (DoleSanford B. DoleSanford Ballard Dole was a lawyer and jurist in the Hawaiian Islands as a kingdom, protectorate, republic and territory...
, 1879) - Stout-legged FinchStout-legged FinchThe Stout-legged Finch is an extinct species of finch in the Hawaiian honeycreeper subfamily, Drepanidinae. Subfossil remains have only been found on the island of Kauai and indicate that it survived up until the late Quaternary period....
(Ciridops tenax) OlsonStorrs L. OlsonStorrs Lovejoy Olson is an American biologist and ornithologist from the Smithsonian Institution. He is one of the world's foremost avian paleontologists....
& James, 1991 - Ciridops cf. anna "Molokai" OlsonStorrs L. OlsonStorrs Lovejoy Olson is an American biologist and ornithologist from the Smithsonian Institution. He is one of the world's foremost avian paleontologists....
& James, 1991 - Ciridops sp. "Oahu" OlsonStorrs L. OlsonStorrs Lovejoy Olson is an American biologist and ornithologist from the Smithsonian Institution. He is one of the world's foremost avian paleontologists....
& James, 1991
Further reading
- H. Douglas Pratt, Jack Jeffrey: The Hawaiian Honeycreepers Oxford University Press, 2005 ISBN 019854653X
- Scott B Wilson & Arthur Humble Evans: Aves Hawaiienses: The Birds of the Sandwich Islands. 1890-99. R. H. Porter, London (Reprint: Ayer Publishing, 1974 ISBN 0405057717)