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Chromista
 
 
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The Chromista are a eukaryotic
Eukaryote

Animals, plants, fungus, and protists are eukaryotes , organisms whose Cell are organized into complex structures enclosed within Cell membrane....
 supergroup, probably polyphyletic, which may be treated as a separate kingdom
Kingdom (biology)

In Biology taxonomy, kingdom or regnum is a taxonomic rank in either the highest rank, or the Rank below domain . Each kingdom is divided into smaller groups called Phylum ....
 or included among the Protist
Protist

Protists ; eukaryote microorganisms. Historically, protists were treated as the kingdom Protista but this group is no longer recognized in modern taxonomy....
a. They include all algae whose chloroplast
Chloroplast

Chloroplasts are organelles found in plant cells and other eukaryote organisms that conduct photosynthesis. Chloroplasts capture light energy to conserve Thermodynamic free energy in the form of Adenosine triphosphate and reduce NADP to NADPH through a complex set of processes called photosynthesis....
s contain chlorophyll
Chlorophyll

Chlorophyll is a green pigment found in most plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. Its name is derived from Greek language: ?????? and f????? ....
s a and c, as well as various colorless forms that are closely related to them. These are surrounded by four membranes, and are believed to have been acquired from some red alga. There are three different groups:



The name Chromista was first introduced by Cavalier-Smith
Thomas Cavalier-Smith

Professor Thomas Cavalier-Smith , Royal Society, Royal Society of Canada, Natural Environment Research Council Professorial Fellow, is a Professor of Evolutionary Biology in the Department of Zoology, at the University of Oxford....
 in 1981; the earlier names chromophyte and chromobiont correspond to roughly the same group.






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The Chromista are a eukaryotic
Eukaryote

Animals, plants, fungus, and protists are eukaryotes , organisms whose Cell are organized into complex structures enclosed within Cell membrane....
 supergroup, probably polyphyletic, which may be treated as a separate kingdom
Kingdom (biology)

In Biology taxonomy, kingdom or regnum is a taxonomic rank in either the highest rank, or the Rank below domain . Each kingdom is divided into smaller groups called Phylum ....
 or included among the Protist
Protist

Protists ; eukaryote microorganisms. Historically, protists were treated as the kingdom Protista but this group is no longer recognized in modern taxonomy....
a. They include all algae whose chloroplast
Chloroplast

Chloroplasts are organelles found in plant cells and other eukaryote organisms that conduct photosynthesis. Chloroplasts capture light energy to conserve Thermodynamic free energy in the form of Adenosine triphosphate and reduce NADP to NADPH through a complex set of processes called photosynthesis....
s contain chlorophyll
Chlorophyll

Chlorophyll is a green pigment found in most plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. Its name is derived from Greek language: ?????? and f????? ....
s a and c, as well as various colorless forms that are closely related to them. These are surrounded by four membranes, and are believed to have been acquired from some red alga. There are three different groups:

  • Heterokont
    Heterokont

    The heterokonts or stramenopiles are a major line of eukaryotes presently containing about 10,500 known species. Most are algae, ranging from the giant multicellular kelp to the unicellular diatoms, which are a primary component of plankton....
    s or stramenopiles - brown algae, diatom
    Diatom

    Diatoms are a major group of eukaryote algae, and are one of the most common types of phytoplankton. Most diatoms are unicellular, although they can exist as Colony in the shape of filaments or ribbons , fans , zigzags , or stellate colonies ....
    s, water mould
    Water mould

    Oomycota also known as Water molds are a group of filamentous, unicellular Heterokonts, physically resembling fungus. They are microscopic, absorptive organisms that reproduce both sexually and asexually and are composed of mycelia, or a tube-like vegetative body ....
    s, etc.
  • Haptophyte
    Haptophyte

    The haptophytes, classed either as the Prymnesiophyta or Haptophyta, are a phylum of algae. The chloroplasts are pigmented similarly to those of the heterokonts, such as golden algae, but the structure of the rest of the cell is different, so it may be that they are a separate line whose chloroplasts are derived from similar endosymbionts....
    s
  • Cryptomonad
    Cryptomonad

    The cryptomonads are a small group of flagellates, most of which have chloroplasts. They are common in freshwater, and also occur in marine and brackish habitats....
    s


The name Chromista was first introduced by Cavalier-Smith
Thomas Cavalier-Smith

Professor Thomas Cavalier-Smith , Royal Society, Royal Society of Canada, Natural Environment Research Council Professorial Fellow, is a Professor of Evolutionary Biology in the Department of Zoology, at the University of Oxford....
 in 1981; the earlier names chromophyte and chromobiont correspond to roughly the same group. Molecular trees have had some difficulty resolving relationships between the different groups. All three may share a common ancestor with the alveolate
Alveolate

The alveolates are a major line of protists....
s (see chromalveolate
Chromalveolate

Chromalveolata is a eukaryote supergroup first proposed by Thomas Cavalier-Smith as a refinement of his kingdom Chromista, which was first proposed in 1981....
s), but there is evidence that suggests that the haptophytes and cryptomonds do not belong together with the heterokonts.

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