Chintamani Tryambak Khanolkar
Encyclopedia
Chintamani Tryambak Khanolkar (Devanagari
Devanagari
Devanagari |deva]]" and "nāgarī" ), also called Nagari , is an abugida alphabet of India and Nepal...

: चिंतामणी त्र्यंबक खानोलकर) (March 8, 1930 – April 26, 1976) was a Marathi
Marathi language
Marathi is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by the Marathi people of western and central India. It is the official language of the state of Maharashtra. There are over 68 million fluent speakers worldwide. Marathi has the fourth largest number of native speakers in India and is the fifteenth most...

 writer from Maharashtra
Maharashtra
Maharashtra is a state located in India. It is the second most populous after Uttar Pradesh and third largest state by area in India...

, India
India
India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...

. He wrote poetry under the name “Arati Prabhu” and prose under his own name. He received Sangeet Natak Academy Award (1976) for his playwriting and Sahitya Academy Award (1978) for his collection of poems 'Nakshatranche Dene'

Early life

Khanolkar was born on March 8, 1930 in the village of Baglanchi Rai near Vengurla in Maharashtra in a family with meagre means. He started writing poetry since 1950 and received acclaim for his poem 'Shunya Shrungarte' which featured in the February edition of then prestigious Marathi literary Journal Satya Katha in 1954. Khanolkar completed his education up to matriculation and begaun running the family business of 'Khanaval' (a small hotel). But the business did not do well and Khanolkar decided to leave his village for Mumbai in search of livelihood in 1959.

Initial Years in Mumbai

Khanolkar was known in the Marathi literary circles even before his arrival in the city due to his poems. He managed to get a job in Mumbai Akashwani (State Radio) with the help of another fellow poet Mangesh Padgaonkar, but he had to give up his job in 1961 because of his ‘eccentric behaviour’. This made his initial years in Mumbai full of financial difficulties.

Poetry

Jogva was his first published collection of poems in 1959. After that in 1962 he published Divelagan, another collection of poems. Both collections have a majority of poems which portray agitation and distress. Reminiscent agitation is the chief emotion in the initial collection of his poems. His poems do not feature romantic descriptions of a lover as do the poems of his contemporaries. His poems might begin with a description of the lover, but the intensity of hurt hits him with such force that the poem turns into an ode to the suffering.
Compared with these poems, his collection published in Nakshtrache Dene in 1975 are a great deal more pleasant; he appears to have overcome his suffering. These poems are conversational and theatrical.
Aarti Prabhu’s poems give a feeling of a strong background of nature. Correct and perfect use of words is the hallmark of his poems based on nature.
Several of Khanolkar's poems were put to music by famous music director Pt. Hridayanath Mangeshkar and have become some of the masterpieces of Marthi music. Some of these songs include 'Gele Dyayache Rahuni', 'Ye Re Ghana', 'Tu Tenvha Tashi' etc.

Novels

Khanolkar's first novel 'Ratra Kali Ghagar Kali' was published in 1962, but it was 'Kondura', a novel published in 1966 brought him among the league of foremost novelists in Marathi. These were followed by other two masterpieces Trishanku (1968) and Ganuraya Ani Chani (1970). Khanolkar’s stories had themes of complexity, non-debatable heavenly power, concepts of good versus evil, religious faith, desires that take mankind to any level, the finer as well as horrifying facade of nature, and the venomous disposition of mankind. Two of his novels have been made into films which include Anugraham (based on Kondura) in Telugu and Hindi by Shyam Benegal featuring Anant Nag and Amrish Puri and Chani (Hindi and Marathi) by V. Shantaram featuring Ranjana. A telefilm on his novel Ganurya was made by Satyadev Dubey, featuring Chetan Datar as Ganuraya

Plays

Khanolkar carried out several experiments in Marathi Theatre. Khanolkar's play Ek Shunya Bajirao (एक शून्य बाजीराव) is considered a modern Marathi classic, unique in form and content. In this play Khanolkar attempted to harness the resources of Medieval Marathi dramatic forms. Khanolkar's play Ajab Nyay Wartulacha (अजब न्याय वर्तुळाचा) was an adaptation of Brecht's The Caucasian Chalk Circle.
Ankahee, a Hindi film was made on his play 'Kalay Tasmai Namaha' in 1985 by Amol Palekar featuring Amol Palekar and Deepti Naval.

Awards

Khanolkar received Sangeet Nataka Academy Award in year 1976 for his playwriting. His collection of poems Nakshatranche Dene posthumously received Sahitya Akademi Award in 1978.

Collections of poems

  • Jogva (जोगवा) (1959)
  • Divelagan (दिवेलागण) (1962)
  • Nakshatranche Dene (नक्षत्रांचे देणे) (1975)

Collection of stories

  • Sanai (सनई) (1964)
  • Rakhi Pakharu (राखी पाखरू) (1971)
  • Chapha Ani Dewachi Aai (चाफा आणि देवाची आई) (1975)

Novels

  • Ratra Kali Ghagar Kali (रात्र काळी घागर काळी) (1962)
  • Ajagar (अजगर) (1965)
  • Kondura (कोंडुरा) (1966)
  • Trishanku (त्रिशंकु) (1968)
  • Ganuraya Ani Chani (गणुराय आणि चानी) (1970)
  • Pishacch (पिशाच्च) (1970)
  • Aganchar (अगंचर) (1970)
  • Pashan Palawi (पाषाण पालवी) (1976)

Plays

  • Ek Shunya Bajirao (एक शून्य बाजीराव) (1966)
  • Sagesoyare (सगेसोयरे) (1967)
  • Avadhya (अवध्य) (1972)
  • Kalay Tasmai Namaha (कालाय तस्मै नमः) (1972)
  • Ajab Nyay Wartulacha (अजब न्याय वर्तुळाचा) (1974)
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