Chervonoarmiisk
Encyclopedia
Chervonoarmiisk until 1935 called Pulyny or Pulin , is an town
in Chervonoarmiisk Raion
, Zhytomyr Oblast
, Ukraine
. It is the administrative center of the Chervonoarmiisk Raion. The population was 5,435 as of 2008.
The town was first mentioned in the middle of the twelfth century under the name Chortolisy. In the annals there was a mention of a "Devil's Wood" nearby, which presumably lies behind the name; it was so called because of impenetrable thickets, swamps, and the debris of dead trees. Chortolisy was located on one of the ancient paths leading from Kyiv to the lands further west. In the fourteenth century the settlement belonged to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania
, and from the sixteenth century to Polish feudal lords. In 1578, the settlement was mentioned under a new name, Pulyny.
From 1793, right-bank Ukraine became part of Russia, the village of Pulyny became part of the Zhitomir district. Villagers engaged in agriculture and trade. After the abolition of serfdom in 1861, handicrafts and industry developed in the village; there were a candle factory, a furniture factory, two workshops, and a match factory. By the beginning of the twentieth century there were an iron foundry, a steam mill, two breweries, and a brickyard which also manufactured tiles and ceramic ware. By 1899 there was a population of 2,125 people.
As a result of the October Revolution
and the Russian Civil War
, the Soviet government was finally established in Pulyny in June 1920. On June 20, 1930, the town became the administrative center of the Pulin German Autonomous Region , which included thirty selsoviet
s. From February 1931 it belonged to the Kiev Oblast
. By 1934 the Autonomous Region became subject to serious repression; the low rate of collectivization (only 34 percent, as compared to 98 percent for German colonies in Left Bank Ukraine) was attributed to "kulak-wreckers," and Germans were now often seen as agents of Nazi Germany. The Autonomous Region was liquidated in 1935, and on October 3, 1935, the town was renamed Krasnoarmeysk .
During World War II
, 207 soldiers from the town did not return from the front.
Chervonoarmiisk is the birthplace of the writers Svyatoslav Borodulin, G.Y. Diamant, and Ernst Kontschak.
Urban-type settlement
Urban-type settlement ; , selyshche mis'koho typu ) is an official designation for a type of locality used in some of the countries of the former Soviet Union...
in Chervonoarmiisk Raion
Chervonoarmiisk Raion
Chervonoarmiisk Raion is a raion of Zhytomyr Oblast, northern Ukraine. Its administrative centre is located at Chervonoarmiisk. The raion covers an area of 853 square kilometres and as of 2011 it had a population of 23,776 people....
, Zhytomyr Oblast
Zhytomyr Oblast
Zhytomyr Oblast is an oblast of northern Ukraine. The administrative center of the oblast is the city of Zhytomyr.-History:The oblast was created as part of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic on September 22, 1937....
, Ukraine
Ukraine
Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It has an area of 603,628 km², making it the second largest contiguous country on the European continent, after Russia...
. It is the administrative center of the Chervonoarmiisk Raion. The population was 5,435 as of 2008.
The town was first mentioned in the middle of the twelfth century under the name Chortolisy. In the annals there was a mention of a "Devil's Wood" nearby, which presumably lies behind the name; it was so called because of impenetrable thickets, swamps, and the debris of dead trees. Chortolisy was located on one of the ancient paths leading from Kyiv to the lands further west. In the fourteenth century the settlement belonged to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Grand Duchy of Lithuania
The Grand Duchy of Lithuania was a European state from the 12th /13th century until 1569 and then as a constituent part of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth until 1791 when Constitution of May 3, 1791 abolished it in favor of unitary state. It was founded by the Lithuanians, one of the polytheistic...
, and from the sixteenth century to Polish feudal lords. In 1578, the settlement was mentioned under a new name, Pulyny.
From 1793, right-bank Ukraine became part of Russia, the village of Pulyny became part of the Zhitomir district. Villagers engaged in agriculture and trade. After the abolition of serfdom in 1861, handicrafts and industry developed in the village; there were a candle factory, a furniture factory, two workshops, and a match factory. By the beginning of the twentieth century there were an iron foundry, a steam mill, two breweries, and a brickyard which also manufactured tiles and ceramic ware. By 1899 there was a population of 2,125 people.
As a result of the October Revolution
October Revolution
The October Revolution , also known as the Great October Socialist Revolution , Red October, the October Uprising or the Bolshevik Revolution, was a political revolution and a part of the Russian Revolution of 1917...
and the Russian Civil War
Russian Civil War
The Russian Civil War was a multi-party war that occurred within the former Russian Empire after the Russian provisional government collapsed to the Soviets, under the domination of the Bolshevik party. Soviet forces first assumed power in Petrograd The Russian Civil War (1917–1923) was a...
, the Soviet government was finally established in Pulyny in June 1920. On June 20, 1930, the town became the administrative center of the Pulin German Autonomous Region , which included thirty selsoviet
Selsoviet
Selsoviet is a shortened name for a rural council. The full names for the term are, in , , . Selsoviets were the lowest level of administrative division in rural areas in the Soviet Union...
s. From February 1931 it belonged to the Kiev Oblast
Kiev Oblast
Kyiv Oblast, sometimes written as Kiev Oblast is an oblast in central Ukraine.The administrative center of the oblast is the city of Kyiv , also being the capital of Ukraine...
. By 1934 the Autonomous Region became subject to serious repression; the low rate of collectivization (only 34 percent, as compared to 98 percent for German colonies in Left Bank Ukraine) was attributed to "kulak-wreckers," and Germans were now often seen as agents of Nazi Germany. The Autonomous Region was liquidated in 1935, and on October 3, 1935, the town was renamed Krasnoarmeysk .
During World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
, 207 soldiers from the town did not return from the front.
Chervonoarmiisk is the birthplace of the writers Svyatoslav Borodulin, G.Y. Diamant, and Ernst Kontschak.
Sources
- A. Beznosoye, "ПУЛИНСКИЙ НЕМЕЦКИЙ НАЦИОНАЛЬНЫЙ РАЙОН," Nemtsy Rossii Entsyklopedia.