Calmodulin 1
Encyclopedia
Calmodulin 1 is a protein
that in humans is encoded by the CALM1 gene
.
) proteins of which nearly 20 members have been found. They are identified by their occurrence in the cytosol
or on membranes
facing the cytosol and by a high affinity for calcium
. Calmodulin contains 148 amino acids and has 4 calcium-binding motifs. Its functions include roles in growth
and the cell cycle
as well as in signal transduction
and the synthesis and release of neurotransmitter
s.
with AKAP9
, TRPV1
, Androgen receptor
, IQGAP1
and PPEF1
.
Protein
Proteins are biochemical compounds consisting of one or more polypeptides typically folded into a globular or fibrous form, facilitating a biological function. A polypeptide is a single linear polymer chain of amino acids bonded together by peptide bonds between the carboxyl and amino groups of...
that in humans is encoded by the CALM1 gene
Gene
A gene is a molecular unit of heredity of a living organism. It is a name given to some stretches of DNA and RNA that code for a type of protein or for an RNA chain that has a function in the organism. Living beings depend on genes, as they specify all proteins and functional RNA chains...
.
Function
Calmodulin 1 is the archetype of the family of calcium-modulated (calmodulinCalmodulin
Calmodulin is a calcium-binding protein expressed in all eukaryotic cells...
) proteins of which nearly 20 members have been found. They are identified by their occurrence in the cytosol
Cytosol
The cytosol or intracellular fluid is the liquid found inside cells, that is separated into compartments by membranes. For example, the mitochondrial matrix separates the mitochondrion into compartments....
or on membranes
Cell membrane
The cell membrane or plasma membrane is a biological membrane that separates the interior of all cells from the outside environment. The cell membrane is selectively permeable to ions and organic molecules and controls the movement of substances in and out of cells. It basically protects the cell...
facing the cytosol and by a high affinity for calcium
Calcium
Calcium is the chemical element with the symbol Ca and atomic number 20. It has an atomic mass of 40.078 amu. Calcium is a soft gray alkaline earth metal, and is the fifth-most-abundant element by mass in the Earth's crust...
. Calmodulin contains 148 amino acids and has 4 calcium-binding motifs. Its functions include roles in growth
Cell growth
The term cell growth is used in the contexts of cell development and cell division . When used in the context of cell division, it refers to growth of cell populations, where one cell grows and divides to produce two "daughter cells"...
and the cell cycle
Cell cycle
The cell cycle, or cell-division cycle, is the series of events that takes place in a cell leading to its division and duplication . In cells without a nucleus , the cell cycle occurs via a process termed binary fission...
as well as in signal transduction
Signal transduction
Signal transduction occurs when an extracellular signaling molecule activates a cell surface receptor. In turn, this receptor alters intracellular molecules creating a response...
and the synthesis and release of neurotransmitter
Neurotransmitter
Neurotransmitters are endogenous chemicals that transmit signals from a neuron to a target cell across a synapse. Neurotransmitters are packaged into synaptic vesicles clustered beneath the membrane on the presynaptic side of a synapse, and are released into the synaptic cleft, where they bind to...
s.
Interactions
Calmodulin 1 has been shown to interactProtein-protein interaction
Protein–protein interactions occur when two or more proteins bind together, often to carry out their biological function. Many of the most important molecular processes in the cell such as DNA replication are carried out by large molecular machines that are built from a large number of protein...
with AKAP9
AKAP9
A-kinase anchor protein 9 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the AKAP9 gene.-Interactions:AKAP9 has been shown to interact with Calmodulin 1, FNBP1, CALM2, Protein kinase N1, TRIP10, KvLQT1 and PRKAR2A.-Further reading:...
, TRPV1
TRPV1
The transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 ', also known as the capsaicin receptor and the vanilloid receptor 1, is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the TRPV1 gene...
, Androgen receptor
Androgen receptor
The androgen receptor , also known as NR3C4 , is a type of nuclear receptor that is activated by binding of either of the androgenic hormones testosterone or dihydrotestosterone in the cytoplasm and then translocating into the nucleus...
, IQGAP1
IQGAP1
Ras GTPase-activating-like protein IQGAP1 also known as p195 is a ubiquitously expressed protein that in humans is encoded by the IQGAP1 gene...
and PPEF1
PPEF1
Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase with EF-hands 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PPEF1 gene.-Interactions:PPEF1 has been shown to interact with Calmodulin 1.-Further reading:...
.