Calcitonin receptor-like (CALCRL), also known as the calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CRLR), is a human protein

Protein

Proteins are biochemical compounds consisting of one or more polypeptides typically folded into a globular or fibrous form, facilitating a biological function. A polypeptide is a single linear polymer chain of amino acids bonded together by peptide bonds between the carboxyl and amino groups of...

.

Function

The protein encoded by the CALCRL gene is a G protein-coupled receptor

G protein-coupled receptor

G protein-coupled receptors , also known as seven-transmembrane domain receptors, 7TM receptors, heptahelical receptors, serpentine receptor, and G protein-linked receptors , comprise a large protein family of transmembrane receptors that sense molecules outside the cell and activate inside signal...

 related to the calcitonin receptor

Calcitonin receptor

The calcitonin receptor is a G protein-coupled receptor that binds the peptide hormone calcitonin and is involved in maintenance of calcium homeostasis, particularly with respect to bone formation and metabolism ....

. CALCRL is linked to one of three single transmembrane domain receptor activity-modifying protein

Receptor activity-modifying protein

Receptor activity-modifying proteins are a class of protein which interact with and modulate the activities of several Class B G Protein-Coupled Receptors including the receptors for secretin, calcitonin , glucagon, and vasoactive intestinal peptide...

s (RAMPs) that are essential for functional activity.

The association of CALCRL with different RAMP proteins produces different receptors:

• with RAMP1
  RAMP1
  Receptor activity modifying protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encode by the RAMP1 gene.The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the RAMP family of single-transmembrane-domain proteins, called receptor activity modifying proteins . RAMPs are type I transmembrane proteins with an...
  
  : produces a CGRP receptor
• with RAMP2
  RAMP2
  Receptor activity modifying protein 2, also known as RAMP2, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the RAMP2 gene.- Function :...
  
  : produces an adrenomedullin
  Adrenomedullin
  Adrenomedullin is a peptide associated with pheochromocytoma- a tumour arising from adrenal medulla. It was discovered in 1993.Adrenomedullin is a ubiquitously expressed peptide initially isolated from phaechromyctoma in 1993...
  
   (AM) receptor, designated AM₁
• with RAMP3
  RAMP3
  Receptor activity modifying protein 3, also known as RAMP3, is a human gene.The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the RAMP family of single-transmembrane-domain proteins, called receptor activity modifying proteins . RAMPs are type I transmembrane proteins with an extracellular N...
  
  : produces a dual CGRP/AM receptor designated AM₂

These receptors are linked to the G protein

G protein

G proteins are a family of proteins involved in transmitting chemical signals outside the cell, and causing changes inside the cell. They communicate signals from many hormones, neurotransmitters, and other signaling factors. G protein-coupled receptors are transmembrane receptors...

 G_s

Gs alpha subunit

The Gs alpha subunit is a heterotrimeric G protein subunit that activates the cAMP-dependent pathway by activating adenylate cyclase.-Receptors:The G protein-coupled receptors that couple to this kind of G-protein include:...

, which activates adenylate cyclase

Adenylate cyclase

Adenylate cyclase is part of the G protein signalling cascade, which transmits chemical signals from outside the cell across the membrane to the inside of the cell ....

 and activation results in the generation of intracellular

Intracellular

Not to be confused with intercellular, meaning "between cells".In cell biology, molecular biology and related fields, the word intracellular means "inside the cell".It is used in contrast to extracellular...

 cyclic adenosine monophosphate

Cyclic adenosine monophosphate

Cyclic adenosine monophosphate is a second messenger important in many biological processes...

(cAMP).

Structure

CALCRL associated with RAMP 1 produces the CGRP receptor which is a trans-membrane protein receptor that is made up of four chains. Two of the four chains contain unique sequences. It is a heterodimer protein composed of two polypeptide chains differing in composition of their amino acid residues. The sequence reveals multiple hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions throughout the four chains in the protein. These G-protein coupled receptor (GPCRs) proteins play an important role in pharmaceutical targets. Many drugs used today alter the GPCR signaling pathways.