Buyan Suldus
Encyclopedia
Buyan Suldus was chief of one segment of the Suldus clan of Taichuud tribe during the 1350s and 1360s, and was chief amir of the Chagatai
ulus for a short time after 1358.
Although did not control the entire Suldus tribe, Buyan was its most powerful chief. He was the leader of the Suldus in Shadman and Chaghaniyan.
When the Qara'unas
Amir Qazaghan
killed Qazan Khan
and took effective control of the Chagatai Khanate in 1346, his base of power was in the southern portion of the ulus; he mostly left the northern tribes alone. Despite the fact that the Suldus were considered a northern tribe, Buyan did cooperate with Qazaghan on occasion. During Qazaghan's punitive expedition
against the Kartids
in 1351, for example, he was the only leader of a northern tribe to participate. His attitude changed, however, when Qazaghan was killed in 1358 and was succeeded by his son, ‘Abdullah. ‘Abdullah wanted greater control over the northern tribes and, for this reason, moved his capital to Samarkand
. Buyan resented having a strong Qara'unas presence near his territories and revolted. Together with Hajji Beg
, the leader of the Barlas
tribe, they overthrew ‘Abdullah and killed his puppet khan. Buyan then became amir of the ulus.
In contrast to ‘Abdullah, Buyan made almost no attempt to assert any power over the other tribes of the ulus. He preferred spending his time drinking, and as a result the ulus fell into a state of disorder. Taking advantage of this, the Chagatai Khan of Moghulistan
, Tughluq Temur, invaded Transoxiana
in early 1360. None of the tribal leaders resisted, but after occupying the region for a short time the Moghuls left.
In the meantime, ‘Abdullah's nephew Amir Husayn returned from exile and, eager to avenge his family, formed a coalition with the Yasa'uri under Amir Khidr and the Barlas, now under Amir Timur
, against Buyan Suldus. Timur had taken control of the Barlas by deceiving Hajji Beg, and, knowing that Buyan was an ally of Hajji Beg, had much to gain by moving against him. The allies headed towards Shadman against Buyan, but he fled to Badakhshan
, whose ruler, Baha' ad-Din, similarly fled when they invaded his territory. Amir Husayn then claimed leadership of the ulus.
In 1361 Tughluq Temur again invaded the region, and Buyan submitted to them at Samarkand. This time, however, the Moghul Khan wanted to centralize his rule, and began a purge of tribal leaders whom he considered to be potential enemies. Buyan Suldus was executed by the Moghuls in 1362. Leadership of his portion of the Suldus devolved upon his son, Shaykh Muhammad.
Chagatai Khanate
The Chagatai Khanate was a Turko-Mongol khanate that comprised the lands ruled by Chagatai Khan , second son of the Great Khan Genghis Khan, and his descendents and successors...
ulus for a short time after 1358.
Although did not control the entire Suldus tribe, Buyan was its most powerful chief. He was the leader of the Suldus in Shadman and Chaghaniyan.
When the Qara'unas
Qara'unas
Qaraunas, or Neguderis, or Nikudari, were a Mongol group that settled in Afghanistan and east of Iran.- Foundation :...
Amir Qazaghan
Amir Qazaghan
Qazaghan was the amir of the Qara'unas and the effective ruler of the Chagatai ulus .Qazaghan's lineage is mostly unknown; it is possible that he became head of the Qara'unas through appointment instead of inheritance In 1345 he rebelled against his sovereign, the Chagatai Khan Qazan, but was...
killed Qazan Khan
Qazan Khan
Qazan is the name of:* Ghazan Khan, the most famous Ilkhan of Mongol Persia* Qazan Khan ibn Yasaur , ruler of the Chagatai Khanate in 1343–1346...
and took effective control of the Chagatai Khanate in 1346, his base of power was in the southern portion of the ulus; he mostly left the northern tribes alone. Despite the fact that the Suldus were considered a northern tribe, Buyan did cooperate with Qazaghan on occasion. During Qazaghan's punitive expedition
Punitive expedition
A punitive expedition is a military journey undertaken to punish a state or any group of persons outside the borders of the punishing state. It is usually undertaken in response to perceived disobedient or morally wrong behavior, but may be also be a covered revenge...
against the Kartids
Kartids
The Kartid Dynasty was a Persian dynasty that ruled over a large part of Khorassan during the 13th and 14th centuries...
in 1351, for example, he was the only leader of a northern tribe to participate. His attitude changed, however, when Qazaghan was killed in 1358 and was succeeded by his son, ‘Abdullah. ‘Abdullah wanted greater control over the northern tribes and, for this reason, moved his capital to Samarkand
Samarkand
Although a Persian-speaking region, it was not united politically with Iran most of the times between the disintegration of the Seleucid Empire and the Arab conquest . In the 6th century it was within the domain of the Turkic kingdom of the Göktürks.At the start of the 8th century Samarkand came...
. Buyan resented having a strong Qara'unas presence near his territories and revolted. Together with Hajji Beg
Hajji Beg
Hajji Beg Barlas was a leader of the Barlas tribe.Hajji Beg is first mentioned in 1358 or 1359, when he participated in the overthrow of the Qara'unas ‘Abdullah, who was effectively in control of the southern Chagatai Khanate...
, the leader of the Barlas
Barlas
The Barlas were a Mongol - later Turkicized - nomadic confederation in Central Asia and the chief tribe of the Timurids who ruled much of Central Asia, Iran, and South Asia in the Middle Ages.- Origins :According to the Secret History of the Mongols, written during the reign of Ögedei Khan, the...
tribe, they overthrew ‘Abdullah and killed his puppet khan. Buyan then became amir of the ulus.
In contrast to ‘Abdullah, Buyan made almost no attempt to assert any power over the other tribes of the ulus. He preferred spending his time drinking, and as a result the ulus fell into a state of disorder. Taking advantage of this, the Chagatai Khan of Moghulistan
Moghulistan
Moghulistan or Mughalistan is a historical geographic unit in Central Asia that included parts of modern-day Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and the Chinese Autonomous Region of Xinjiang...
, Tughluq Temur, invaded Transoxiana
Transoxiana
Transoxiana is the ancient name used for the portion of Central Asia corresponding approximately with modern-day Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, southern Kyrgystan and southwest Kazakhstan. Geographically, it is the region between the Amu Darya and Syr Darya rivers...
in early 1360. None of the tribal leaders resisted, but after occupying the region for a short time the Moghuls left.
In the meantime, ‘Abdullah's nephew Amir Husayn returned from exile and, eager to avenge his family, formed a coalition with the Yasa'uri under Amir Khidr and the Barlas, now under Amir Timur
Timur
Timur , historically known as Tamerlane in English , was a 14th-century conqueror of West, South and Central Asia, and the founder of the Timurid dynasty in Central Asia, and great-great-grandfather of Babur, the founder of the Mughal Dynasty, which survived as the Mughal Empire in India until...
, against Buyan Suldus. Timur had taken control of the Barlas by deceiving Hajji Beg, and, knowing that Buyan was an ally of Hajji Beg, had much to gain by moving against him. The allies headed towards Shadman against Buyan, but he fled to Badakhshan
Badakhshan
Badakhshan is an historic region comprising parts of what is now northeastern Afghanistan and southeastern Tajikistan. The name is retained in Badakhshan Province which is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan, in the far northeast of Afghanistan, and contains the Wakhan Corridor...
, whose ruler, Baha' ad-Din, similarly fled when they invaded his territory. Amir Husayn then claimed leadership of the ulus.
In 1361 Tughluq Temur again invaded the region, and Buyan submitted to them at Samarkand. This time, however, the Moghul Khan wanted to centralize his rule, and began a purge of tribal leaders whom he considered to be potential enemies. Buyan Suldus was executed by the Moghuls in 1362. Leadership of his portion of the Suldus devolved upon his son, Shaykh Muhammad.