Baden IV e
Encyclopedia
The locomotives of Baden Class IV e were designed and built for the Grand Duchy of Baden State Railways in the late 19th century by the Elsässischen Maschinenbau-Gesellschaft Grafenstaden
, who supplied the first eight examples in 1894. They were the first locomotives in Germany with a 4-6-0 wheel arrangement
. Another 75 locomotives were built up to 1901 by the Maschinenbau-Gesellschaft Karlsruhe
.
. This had become necessary, because the locomotives that had been employed hitherto, the IV b, IV c
tender locomotives and the IV d tank engines, were unable to meet the growing demands placed on them.
In 1914 all the engines were still on the books of the Baden state railway. However they were replaced in the express service role as early as 1903 by the II d and IV f. In 1925, the Deutsche Reichsbahn
incorporated the remaining 35 examples into DRG Class 38.70; they were given – in groupings based on their delivery batches – the running numbers 38 7001 - 38 7007, 38 7021 - 38 7025, 38 7031 - 38 7034, 38 7041 - 38 7046 and 38 7061 - 38 7073. The engines were all withdrawn from service by 1932. Thirteen locomotives were handed over to France
as reparations
and were grouped into Class 230 in the Chemin de Fer de l'État
. Two vehicles went to the Belgian SNCB and were classifed as B 61.
Number 38 7001 was sectioned in September 1936 and is displayed today in the University of Karlsruhe (TH).
s, the locomotive had smooth riding qualities. The engine had a riveted interior sheet-metal frame
and the coupled wheels had springs under the axle boxes, that were not linked by compensating levers.
An innovative feature, for Germany, of the IV e was its four-cylinder, de Glehn compound engine, that was employed for the first time on a locomotive with three coupled axles. The Alsace engineering company had previously built four-coupled locomotives with De-Glehn engines - especially for the French Northern Railway. Very similar engines to the Baden IV e were soon delivered to Prussia (as the Prussian P 7), to the Imperial Railways in Alsace-Lorraine
(as the P 7 and S 9
), and to most French railways, as well as to Belgium
, Spain
and Portugal
.
The high-pressure cylinder was outside and drove the first coupled wheels, whilst the inside low-pressure cylinders drove the second coupled axle. These two cylinders were slightly angled.
The compound engine was chosen to strike a balance between the high tractive effort required when hauling uphill which would be provided by smaller diameter wheels and the lower axle forces when running downhill that favoured larger wheel diameters. The low and high pressure engines could be controlled separately. This made it easier to start up. On trial runs on routes with an incline of 17.6% a power of 581 ihp was measured for a speed of 30 km/h. The highest value was between 778 ihp. With a 250 tonne train, it could reach a speed of 75 km/h on the level and 40 km/h on an incline of 10%.
The vehicles were equipped with tenders of the Baden classes 3 T 13,5, bad 3 T 14 and bad 2'2' T 15.
Elsässische Maschinenbau-Gesellschaft Grafenstaden
The Elsässischen Maschinenbau-Gesellschaft Grafenstaden was a heavy industry firm located at Grafenstaden in the Alsace, near the city of Strasbourg....
, who supplied the first eight examples in 1894. They were the first locomotives in Germany with a 4-6-0 wheel arrangement
Whyte notation
The Whyte notation for classifying steam locomotives by wheel arrangement was devised by Frederick Methvan Whyte and came into use in the early twentieth century encouraged by an editorial in American Engineer and Railroad Journal...
. Another 75 locomotives were built up to 1901 by the Maschinenbau-Gesellschaft Karlsruhe
Maschinenbau-Gesellschaft Karlsruhe
The Maschinenbau-Gesellschaft Karlsruhe was a locomotive and railway wagon manufacturer in the early days of the German railways. It was based at Karlsruhe in what is now the state of Baden-Württemberg in southwestern Germany....
.
History
The Baden IV e engines were created primarily for express and passenger train duties on the steep lines of the SchwarzwaldbahnSchwarzwaldbahn (Baden)
----The Baden Black Forest Railway is a twin-track, electrified railway line in Baden-Württemberg, Germany, running in a NW-SE direction to link Offenburg on the Rhine Valley Railway with Singen on the Upper Rhine Railway...
. This had become necessary, because the locomotives that had been employed hitherto, the IV b, IV c
Baden IV c
The steam locomotives of Baden Class IV c were passenger locomotives operated by Grand Duchy of Baden State Railway in the former south German state of Baden.- History :...
tender locomotives and the IV d tank engines, were unable to meet the growing demands placed on them.
In 1914 all the engines were still on the books of the Baden state railway. However they were replaced in the express service role as early as 1903 by the II d and IV f. In 1925, the Deutsche Reichsbahn
Deutsche Reichsbahn
Deutsche Reichsbahn was the name of the following two companies:* Deutsche Reichsbahn, the German Imperial Railways during the Weimar Republic, the Third Reich and the immediate aftermath...
incorporated the remaining 35 examples into DRG Class 38.70; they were given – in groupings based on their delivery batches – the running numbers 38 7001 - 38 7007, 38 7021 - 38 7025, 38 7031 - 38 7034, 38 7041 - 38 7046 and 38 7061 - 38 7073. The engines were all withdrawn from service by 1932. Thirteen locomotives were handed over to France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
as reparations
World War I reparations
World War I reparations refers to the payments and transfers of property and equipment that Germany was forced to make under the Treaty of Versailles following its defeat during World War I...
and were grouped into Class 230 in the Chemin de Fer de l'État
Chemin de Fer de l'État
The Chemins de fer de l'État , often referred to in France as the réseau de l'État , was an early French railway company.-History:...
. Two vehicles went to the Belgian SNCB and were classifed as B 61.
Number 38 7001 was sectioned in September 1936 and is displayed today in the University of Karlsruhe (TH).
Design features
In spite of the shortcomings in ride of the Grafenstaden outside-frame bogieBogie
A bogie is a wheeled wagon or trolley. In mechanics terms, a bogie is a chassis or framework carrying wheels, attached to a vehicle. It can be fixed in place, as on a cargo truck, mounted on a swivel, as on a railway carriage/car or locomotive, or sprung as in the suspension of a caterpillar...
s, the locomotive had smooth riding qualities. The engine had a riveted interior sheet-metal frame
Locomotive frame
A locomotive frame is the structure that forms the backbone of the railway locomotive, giving it strength and supporting the superstructure elements such as a cab, boiler or bodywork. The vast majority of locomotives have had a frame structure of some kind...
and the coupled wheels had springs under the axle boxes, that were not linked by compensating levers.
An innovative feature, for Germany, of the IV e was its four-cylinder, de Glehn compound engine, that was employed for the first time on a locomotive with three coupled axles. The Alsace engineering company had previously built four-coupled locomotives with De-Glehn engines - especially for the French Northern Railway. Very similar engines to the Baden IV e were soon delivered to Prussia (as the Prussian P 7), to the Imperial Railways in Alsace-Lorraine
Imperial Railways in Alsace-Lorraine
The Imperial Railways in Alsace-Lorraine were the first railways owned by the German Empire.They emerged in 1871, after France had ceded the region of Alsace-Lorraine to the German Empire under the terms of the peace treaty following the Franco-Prussian War...
(as the P 7 and S 9
Prussian S 9
The Prussian S 9 was an express steam locomotive with the Prussian state railways, first built in 1908. It had a 4-4-2 wheel arrangement and a four-cylinder compound engine...
), and to most French railways, as well as to Belgium
Belgium
Belgium , officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a federal state in Western Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts the EU's headquarters, and those of several other major international organisations such as NATO.Belgium is also a member of, or affiliated to, many...
, Spain
Spain
Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...
and Portugal
Portugal
Portugal , officially the Portuguese Republic is a country situated in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Portugal is the westernmost country of Europe, and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the West and South and by Spain to the North and East. The Atlantic archipelagos of the...
.
The high-pressure cylinder was outside and drove the first coupled wheels, whilst the inside low-pressure cylinders drove the second coupled axle. These two cylinders were slightly angled.
The compound engine was chosen to strike a balance between the high tractive effort required when hauling uphill which would be provided by smaller diameter wheels and the lower axle forces when running downhill that favoured larger wheel diameters. The low and high pressure engines could be controlled separately. This made it easier to start up. On trial runs on routes with an incline of 17.6% a power of 581 ihp was measured for a speed of 30 km/h. The highest value was between 778 ihp. With a 250 tonne train, it could reach a speed of 75 km/h on the level and 40 km/h on an incline of 10%.
The vehicles were equipped with tenders of the Baden classes 3 T 13,5, bad 3 T 14 and bad 2'2' T 15.
Literature
- Hermann Lohr, Georg Thielmann: Lokomotiv-Archiv Baden. transpress, Berlin 1988, ISBN 3344002104
- Manfred Weisbrod, Hans Müller, Wolfgang Petznick: Deutsches Lok-Archiv: Dampflokomotiven 1 (Baureihen 01 - 39) transpress, Berlin 1993, ISBN 3-344-70768-X
External links
- There is a relevant English-language forum at Railways of Germany