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Axial skeleton

 

 
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Axial skeleton
 
 
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The axial skeleton consists of the 80 bones in the head and trunk of the human body. It is composed of five parts; the human skull
Human skull

In humans, the adult skull is normally made up of 22 bones. Except for the mandible, all of the bones of the skull are joined together by sutures of skull, synarthrodial joints formed by bony ossification, with Sharpey's fibres permitting some flexibility....
, the ossicles
Ossicles

Not to be confused with ossicones.The ossicles are the three smallest bones in the human body. They are contained within the middle ear space and serve to transmit sounds from the air to the fluid-filled labyrinth ....
 of the inner ear, the hyoid bone
Hyoid bone

The hyoid bone is a horseshoe shaped bone situated in the anterior midline of the neck between the chin and the thyroid cartilage. At rest, it lies at the level of the base of the mandible in the front and the third cervical vertebra behind....
 of the throat, the chest
Chest

The chest is a part of the anatomy of humans and various other animals sometimes referred to as the thorax....
, and the vertebral column
Vertebral column

In human anatomy, the vertebral column is a column of 24 vertebrae, the sacrum, intervertebral discs, and the coccyx situated in the dorsum aspect of the torso, separated by spinal discs....
. The axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton
Appendicular skeleton

The appendicular skeleton consists of 126 bones in the human body which make motion possible and protects the organs of digestion, excretion, and reproduction....
 together form the complete skeleton
Skeleton

In biology, a skeleton is a rigid framework that provides protection and structure in many types of animal, particularly those of the phylum Chordata and of the superphylum Ecdysozoa....
.

bone
Bone

Bones are rigid organ that form part of the endoskeleton of vertebrates. They function to move, support, and protect the various organs of the body, produce red blood cell and white blood cells and store minerals....
s house the brain
Brain

The brain is the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate, and most invertebrate, animals. Some primitive animals such as cnidarian and echinoderm have a decentralized nervous system without a brain, while sponges lack any nervous system at all....
, spinal cord
Spinal cord

The spinal cord is a long, thin, tubular bundle of neuron and glia that extends from the brain. The brain and spinal cord together make up the central nervous system....
, and other vital organs. This article mainly deals with the axial skeletons of humans; however, it is important to understand the evolutionary lineage of the axial skeleton.






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The axial skeleton consists of the 80 bones in the head and trunk of the human body. It is composed of five parts; the human skull
Human skull

In humans, the adult skull is normally made up of 22 bones. Except for the mandible, all of the bones of the skull are joined together by sutures of skull, synarthrodial joints formed by bony ossification, with Sharpey's fibres permitting some flexibility....
, the ossicles
Ossicles

Not to be confused with ossicones.The ossicles are the three smallest bones in the human body. They are contained within the middle ear space and serve to transmit sounds from the air to the fluid-filled labyrinth ....
 of the inner ear, the hyoid bone
Hyoid bone

The hyoid bone is a horseshoe shaped bone situated in the anterior midline of the neck between the chin and the thyroid cartilage. At rest, it lies at the level of the base of the mandible in the front and the third cervical vertebra behind....
 of the throat, the chest
Chest

The chest is a part of the anatomy of humans and various other animals sometimes referred to as the thorax....
, and the vertebral column
Vertebral column

In human anatomy, the vertebral column is a column of 24 vertebrae, the sacrum, intervertebral discs, and the coccyx situated in the dorsum aspect of the torso, separated by spinal discs....
. The axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton
Appendicular skeleton

The appendicular skeleton consists of 126 bones in the human body which make motion possible and protects the organs of digestion, excretion, and reproduction....
 together form the complete skeleton
Skeleton

In biology, a skeleton is a rigid framework that provides protection and structure in many types of animal, particularly those of the phylum Chordata and of the superphylum Ecdysozoa....
.

Overview

Flat bone
Bone

Bones are rigid organ that form part of the endoskeleton of vertebrates. They function to move, support, and protect the various organs of the body, produce red blood cell and white blood cells and store minerals....
s house the brain
Brain

The brain is the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate, and most invertebrate, animals. Some primitive animals such as cnidarian and echinoderm have a decentralized nervous system without a brain, while sponges lack any nervous system at all....
, spinal cord
Spinal cord

The spinal cord is a long, thin, tubular bundle of neuron and glia that extends from the brain. The brain and spinal cord together make up the central nervous system....
, and other vital organs. This article mainly deals with the axial skeletons of humans; however, it is important to understand the evolutionary lineage of the axial skeleton. The axial skeleton has 80 bones in it. It is the central core of the body and/or its axis, this is where the limbs (appendicular skeleton) hang from.

Skull


Skull (22)
  • Cranial Bones (8)
    • Parietal (2)
    • Temporal (2)
    • Frontal (1)
    • Occipital (1)
    • Ethmoid (1)
    • Sphenoid (1)


  • Facial Bones (14)
    • Maxilla (2)
    • Zygomatic (2)
    • Mandible (1)
    • Nasal (2)
    • Palatine (2)
    • Inferior nasal concha (2)
    • Lacrimal (2)
    • Vomer (1)


Auditory Ossicles

Ossicles (6)
  • Malleus (2)
  • Incus (2)
  • Stapes (2)


Hyoid bone

Hyoid bone (1) U-shape bone located in the neck. It anchors the tongue and is associated with swallowing.

Vertebral column


Vertebral Column (33)
  • Cervical vertebrae (7)
  • Thoracic vertebrae (12)
  • Lumbar vertebrae (5)
  • Sacrum (5) (fused)
  • Coccyx (4) (fused, varies between 3-5)


Chest


Thoracic cage (25)
  • Sternum (1)
  • Ribs (24)


External links