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Australian Bureau of Statistics
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The Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) is Australia's national statistical agency. It came into being, as the Commonwealth Bureau of Census and Statistics, on 8 December 1905, when the Census and Statistics Act 1905 was given Royal assent. It had its beginnings in section 51 (xi) of the Constitution of Australia. The founding fathers recognised that statistics were going to be important to the new nation and ensured the Commonwealth government had legislative power about census and statistics.
The present mission of the Australian Bureau of Statistics is to assist and encourage informed decision-making, research and discussion within government and the community by leading a high-quality objective and responsive national statistical service.
agency undertakes the Australian Census of Population and Housing.
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Encyclopedia
The Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) is Australia's national statistical agency. It came into being, as the Commonwealth Bureau of Census and Statistics, on 8 December 1905, when the Census and Statistics Act 1905 was given Royal assent. It had its beginnings in section 51 (xi) of the Constitution of Australia. The founding fathers recognised that statistics were going to be important to the new nation and ensured the Commonwealth government had legislative power about census and statistics.
The present mission of the Australian Bureau of Statistics is to assist and encourage informed decision-making, research and discussion within government and the community by leading a high-quality objective and responsive national statistical service.
Population and Housing
The agency undertakes the Australian Census of Population and Housing. The Census is conducted every 5 years under the authority of the Census and Statistics Act 1905, Section 8. . The last Australian population census was held on 8 August 2006. Results from the 2006 Census are available on the ABS web site. .
Research and Development
The ABS has been undertaking surveys to collect estimates from Australian organisations of R&D expenditure and human resources devoted to R&D in Australia since 1978. The results allow the nature and distribution of Australia's R&D activity to be monitored by government policy analysts and advisers to government, businesses and economists.
There are four Research & Development surveys:
- R&D Business survey, conducted annually
- R&D Higher Education survey, conducted biennially
- R&D General Government survey, conducted biennially
- R&D Private Non-profit Sector survey, conducted biennially
Australian Standard Research Classification
The survey reports research against the Australian Standard Research Classification (ASRC). The first ASRC was released in 1993 and was in use until 1998. It comprised three classification schemes; Type of Activity (TOA), Field of Research (FOR) and Socio-Economic Objective (SEO). In 1998, a second ASRC was released with a revised Socio-Economic Objective classification that used a different numbering range, and a Research Field, Course and Discipline (RFCD) classification to replace FORs. This revised classification came into effect in the 2000 collection period, which was due on 31 August 2001.
TOA - R&D activity is categorised according to the type of research effort:
- pure basic research
- strategic basic research
- applied research
- experimental development
RFCD - This classification allows both R&D activity and other activity within the higher education sector to be categorised. Prior to ASRC 1998, this information was collected using a different set of indicators called Field of Research. It has been expanded in order that it can be used within the higher education sector to classify courses, units of study and teaching activity to field. The categories in the classification include recognised academic disciplines and related major sub-fields taught at universities or tertiary institutions, major fields of research investigated by national research institutions and organisations, and emerging areas of study.
SEO - This classification allows R&D to be categorised according to the purpose of the R&D as perceived by the researcher. It consists of discrete economic, social, technological or scientific domains for identifying the principal purpose of the R&D. The attributes applied to the design of the SEO Classification comprise a combination of processes, products, health, education and other social and environmental aspects of particular interest.
Other ABS Surveys
The ABS also undertakes many other surveys, including household and business surveys. Some of the main statistics produced are published as "Key National Indicators", which comprise:
These statistics are compiled from surveys including:
- Retail (monthly/quarterly)
- Labour Force (monthly)
- Building Approvals (monthly/quarterly)
- Survey of New Capital Expenditure (quarterly)
- Quarterly Business Indicator Survey (quarterly)
- Local Government Finance Statistics (quarterly)
- Economic Activity Survey (annual)
Year Book Australia
ABS produces an annual year book for Australia, called the Year Book Australia, which is the principal reference work produced by the Australian Bureau of Statistics. It provides a comprehensive and detailed statistical overview of various aspects of the economy and social conditions in Australia.
In addition, it contains descriptive matter dealing with Australia’s geography and climate, government, international relations, defence, education, and the health and welfare support systems.
In April 2008, the ABS announced the cancellation of the 2009 Year Book due to budgetary constraints.
Australian Statistician
Since 1975, the head of the ABS has been known as the Australian Statistician. Previously, the office was titled the Commonwealth Statistician. A full list of all office-holders is at Australian Statistician.
The incumbent (since March 2007) is Brian Pink.
Australian CensusAtSchool Project
The Australian CensusAtSchool is based on a program developed by the Royal Statistical Society (RSS) Centre for Statistical Education in the United Kingdom. The UK project has been extremely successful in improving statistical literacy and was successfully extended to all provinces in South Africa. Since then, other organisations have adapted the project to suit their local environment, namely Canada, New Zealand, the Office of Economic and Statistical Research (OESR) in Queensland and the Noel Baker Centre for School Mathematics in South Australia. After the success of the OESR and Noel Baker initiatives, agreement was gained from both the South Australian and Queensland projects for the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) to take the national lead in this project.
The project was introduced to schools in 2005 by the ABS with two key objectives:
- the development of statistical literacy among students in years 5 - 12 across Australia
- to promote the 2006 Census of Population and Housing
CenusAtSchool is a non-compulsory education project that aims to improve statistical literacy through analysis of real data, and assist them in making sensible, informed decisions. It is a free internet-based data collection and analysis project designed for students in years 5 to 12. Students respond to questions of interest about themselves by completing the CensusAtSchool online questionnaire. The questionnaire response data is then released back to teachers and students providing real, raw, relevant data for use with supporting activities across curriculum in all states and territories.
Students can generate random samples of response data from an Australia-wide database via the Random Sampler facility. This statistical tool allows students to extract a wealth of up-to-date information about sleeping and eating habits, student lifestyles, favourite music and sport activity, attitudes to topical social and environmental issues, technology and much more.
See also
- ANZSIC - Australian and New Zealand Standard Industrial Classification - an industry classification developed jointly with Statistics New Zealand
- , a paper contributed by the Australian Bureau of Statistics to the thirty-eighth session of the Statistical Commission of the United Nations, New York, 27 February to 2 March 2007 .
External links
- from Australian Bureau of Statistics.
- from The Bulletin
- from the Australian Bureau of Statistics.
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