Apamea (moth genus)
Encyclopedia
Apamea is a genus
Genus
In biology, a genus is a low-level taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms, which is an example of definition by genus and differentia...

 of moth
Moth
A moth is an insect closely related to the butterfly, both being of the order Lepidoptera. Moths form the majority of this order; there are thought to be 150,000 to 250,000 different species of moth , with thousands of species yet to be described...

s in the Noctuidae
Noctuidae
The Noctuidae or owlet moths are a family of robustly-built moths that includes more than 35,000 known species out of possibly 100,000 total, in more than 4,200 genera. They constitute the largest family in the Lepidoptera....

 family.

Selected species

  • Apamea acera
    Apamea acera
    Apamea acera is a moth of the Noctuidae family. It is found from British Columbia south to California.The wingspan is about 46 mm....

    (Smith, 1900)
  • Apamea albina
    Apamea albina
    Apamea albina is a moth of the Noctuidae family. It is found in North America, including California and Oregon....

    (Grote, 1874)
  • Apamea alia
    Apamea alia
    Apamea alia is a moth of the Noctuidae family. It is found in North America, including New York, Massachusetts, Colorado, Alberta, British Columbia and Washington....

    (Guenée, 1852)
  • Apamea alpigena (Boisduval, [1837])
  • Apamea alticola (Smith, 1891)
  • Apamea altijuga (Kozhantshikov, 1925)
  • Apamea amputatrix
    Apamea amputatrix
    The Yellow-Headed Cutworm is a moth of the Noctuidae family. It is found in most of North America, north to the Arctic.This wingspan is about 40 mm. The moth flies from April to October depending on the location....

    (Fitch, 1857)
  • Apamea anceps
    Apamea anceps
    The Large Nutmeg is a moth of the Noctuidae family. It is found from all of Europe to Yakutia, Transbaikalia, Mongolia, Lebanon and China . It is also found in north-western Africa.The wingspan is 35–40 mm...

    (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775)
  • Apamea antennata
    Apamea antennata
    Apamea antennata is a moth of the Noctuidae family. It is found in western North America, including California and British Columbia.This wingspan is about 45 mm. The moth flies from early to midsummer depending on the location....

    (Smith, 1891)
  • Apamea apamiformis
    Apamea apamiformis
    The Rice Worm Moth is a moth of the Noctuidae family. It is found in North America, including Wisconsin, New York and Minnesota.The wingspan is about 39 mm. Adults are on wing from June to August depending on the location....

    (Guenée, 1852)
  • Apamea aquila Donzel, 1837
  • Apamea arabs (Oberthür, 1881)
  • Apamea assimilis (Doubleday, 1847)
  • Apamea atriclava
    Apamea atriclava
    Apamea atriclava is a moth of the Noctuidae family. It is found in North America, including British Columbia.It was formerly considered to be a subspecies of Apamea lignicolora.This wingspan is about 43 mm....

    (Barnes & McDunnough, 1913)
  • Apamea atrosuffusa (Barnes & McDunnough, 1913) (syn: Apamea grotei (Barnes & McDunnough, 1914))
  • Apamea auranticolor
    Apamea auranticolor
    Apamea auranticolor is a moth of the Noctuidae family. It is found in western North America, including California, Wyoming, Colorado and Alberta.This wingspan is about 36 mm.-Subspecies:*Apamea auranticolor auranticolor...

    (Grote, 1873)
  • Apamea baischi Hacker, 1989
  • Apamea barbara (Berio, 1940)
  • Apamea basimacula Boisduval, 1833
  • Apamea bernardino
    Apamea bernardino
    Apamea bernardino is a moth of the Noctuidae family. It is found in North America, including California....

    Mikkola & Mustelin 2000
  • Apamea boopis
    Apamea boopis
    Apamea boopis is a moth of the Noctuidae family. It is found in the Punjab region....

    (Hampson, 1908)
  • Apamea brunnea (Leech, 1900)
  • Apamea brunnescens Kononenko, 1985
  • Apamea burgessi
    Apamea burgessi
    Apamea burgessi is a moth of the Noctuidae family. It is found in Alberta in Canada as well as Connecticut, Indiana, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island and Wisconsin in the United States....

    (Morrison, 1874)
  • Apamea caesia Hreblay & Ronkay, 1998
  • Apamea cariosa
    Apamea cariosa
    Apamea cariosa is a moth of the Noctuidae family. It is found in the north-eastern parts of the United States, including New York, Maryland, Indiana and Virginia. In Canada it is found in Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, Alberta and Manitoba....

    (Guenée, 1852)
  • Apamea centralis
    Apamea centralis
    Apamea centralis is a moth of the Noctuidae family. It is found from California, north to Alberta.-External links:**...

    (Smith, 1891)
  • Apamea chalybeata (Walker, 1865)
  • Apamea chhiringi Hreblay, 1998
  • Apamea chinensis
    Apamea chinensis
    Apamea chinensis is a moth of the Noctuidae family. It is found in western China....

    (Leech, 1900)
  • Apamea cinefacta
    Apamea cinefacta
    Apamea cinefacta is a moth of the Noctuidae family. It is found in North America, including Washington and Alberta.-External links:***...

    (Grote, 1881)
  • Apamea cogitata
    Apamea cogitata
    The Thoughtful Apamea is a moth of the Noctuidae family. It is found from Newfoundland to British Columbia and the Northwest Territories, plus adjacent parts of United States, south in the west to California....

    (Smith, 1891)
  • Apamea commixta (Butler, 1881)
  • Apamea commoda
    Apamea commoda
    The Southern Quaker is a moth of the Noctuidae family. It is found from Nova Scotia west across southern Canada to southern British Columbia, north to Alaska and Yukon Territory, and south at least into Manitoba....

    (Walker, 1857)
    • Apamea commoda commoda (Walker, 1857)
    • Apamea commoda striolata Mikkola, 2009
    • Apamea commoda parcata (Smith, 1903)
  • Apamea concinna (Leech, 1900)
  • Apamea contradicta
    Apamea contradicta
    The Northern Banded Quaker is a moth of the Noctuidae family. It is found across southern Canada from Newfoundland and Labrador west to the foothills of Alberta, south to Colorado....

    (Smith, 1895)
  • Apamea crenata
    Clouded-bordered Brindle
    The Clouded-bordered Brindle is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is distributed throughout Europe.This species has a wingspan of 36-44 mm. The forewings are pale brown with darker patches around the margin, usually with especially prominent markings at the base and tornus. The hindwings are...

    - Clouded-bordered Brindle
    Clouded-bordered Brindle
    The Clouded-bordered Brindle is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is distributed throughout Europe.This species has a wingspan of 36-44 mm. The forewings are pale brown with darker patches around the margin, usually with especially prominent markings at the base and tornus. The hindwings are...

     Hufnagel, 1766
  • Apamea cristata
    Apamea cristata
    Apamea cristata is a moth of the Noctuidae family. It is found in the north-eastern parts of the United States, including Michigan, New Hampshire, Maryland, New York and Pennsylvania. In Canada it is found in Quebec and New Brunswick....

    (Grote, 1878)
  • Apamea cuculliformis
    Apamea cuculliformis
    Apamea cuculliformis is a moth of the Noctuidae family. It is found in western North America, including California, Washington and British Columbia.This wingspan is about 43 mm.-External links:**...

    (Grote, 1875)
  • Apamea cyanea (Hampson, 1908)
  • Apamea desegaulxi Viette, 1928
  • Apamea devastator
    Apamea devastator
    The Glassy Cutworm is a moth of the Noctuidae family. It is found in North-eastern North America, including Nova Scotia, Alberta, New York, Ohio and Massachusetts....

    - Glassy Cutworm
    Apamea devastator
    The Glassy Cutworm is a moth of the Noctuidae family. It is found in North-eastern North America, including Nova Scotia, Alberta, New York, Ohio and Massachusetts....

     Brace, 1819
  • Apamea digitula
    Apamea digitula
    Apamea digitula is a moth of the Noctuidae family. It is found in North America, including California....

    Mikkola and Mustelin, 2006
  • Apamea dubitans
    Apamea dubitans
    The Doubtful Apamea is a moth of the Noctuidae family. It is widely distributed in North America.The wingspan is about 40 mm. Adults are on wing from June to September depending on the location.The larvae feed on various grasses....

    (Walker, 1856)
  • Apamea epomidion (Haworth, 1809)
  • Apamea erythrographa Hreblay, Peregovits & Ronkay, 1999
  • Apamea euxinia Hacker, 1985
  • Apamea exstincta (Staudinger, 1892)
  • Apamea fasciata (Leech, 1900)
  • Apamea fergusoni Mikkola & Lafontaine, 2009
  • Apamea ferrago (Eversmann, 1837)
  • Apamea fervida (Hampson, 1908)
  • Apamea formosensis (Hampson, 1910)
  • Apamea furva
    Apamea furva
    The Confused is a moth of the Noctuidae family. It is found in all of Europe. In western Europe it is primarily montane in the southern parts of its range through Spain and Portugal. It is found as far north as the Arctic Circle...

    (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775)
  • Apamea ganeshi Hreblay, 1998
  • Apamea gangtoki Hreblay & Ronkay, 1998
  • Apamea geminimacula (Dyar, 1904)
  • Apamea genialis
    Apamea genialis
    Apamea genialis is a moth of the Noctuidae family. It is found in North America, including California.The larvae feed on Poaceae species....

    (Grote, 1874)
  • Apamea glenura (Swinhoe, 1895)
  • Apamea glenurina Hreblay & Ronkay, 1999
  • Apamea goateri Hacker, 2001
  • Apamea goperma Hreblay & Ronkay, 1999
  • Apamea gratissima Hreblay & Ronkay, 1999
  • Apamea griveaudi Viette, 1967
  • Apamea groenlandica (Duponchel, [1838])
  • Apamea hampsoni Sugi, 1963
  • Apamea heinickei Hreblay, 1998
  • Apamea helva
    Apamea helva
    The Yellow Three-Spot is a moth of the Noctuidae family. It is found from New Brunswick to Georgia, west to Oklahoma and Colorado, north to Saskatchewan....

    (Grote, 1875)
  • Apamea illyria
    Apamea illyria
    Apamea illyria is a moth of the Noctuidae family. It is found from most of Europe to western Siberia, Turkey and the Caucasus.The wingspan is 31-36 mm. Adults are on wing May to July....

    Freyer, 1846
  • Apamea impedita (Christoph, 1887)
  • Apamea impulsa
    Apamea impulsa
    Apamea impulsa is a moth of the Noctuidae family. It is found from coast to coast across southern Canada and the northern United States.The wingspan is about 34 mm. The moth flies from June to August depending on the location. There is one generation per year.The larva feed on a various...

    (Guenée, 1852)
  • Apamea indocilis
    Apamea indocilis
    The Ignorant Apamea is a moth of the Noctuidae family. It is found from coast to coast in southern Canada and the northern United States, south in the east to Maryland, south in the west to central California....

    (Walker, 1856)
  • Apamea inebriata
    Apamea inebriata
    The Drunk Apamea is a moth of the Noctuidae family. It is found along the east coast from Nova Scotia to North Carolina....

    Ferguson, 1977
  • Apamea inficita
    Apamea inficita
    The Lined Quaker is a moth of the Noctuidae family. It is found from Newfoundland west to British Columbia, north to the Yukon and the Northwest Territories and south at least to Colorado.This wingspan is 34-36 mm...

    (Walker, 1857)
  • Apamea inordinata
    Apamea inordinata
    Apamea inordinata is a moth of the Noctuidae family. It is found in the United States, including New York, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, Colorado and California...

    (Morrison, 1875)
  • Apamea kaszabi Varga, 1982
  • Apamea kumari Hreblay & Ronkay, 1999
  • Apamea lateritia
    Apamea lateritia
    The Scarce Brindle is a moth of the Noctuidae family. It is found in most of Europe, east to Siberia and Japan. It is also present in Turkey, northern Iran, Afghanistan, northern Pakistan, Nepal and China . It is a sporadic migrant in Great Britain, where it is recorded from the east and...

    (Hufnagel, 1766)
  • Apamea leucodon (Eversmann, 1837)
  • Apamea lieni Hreblay, 1998
  • Apamea lignea (Butler, 1889)
  • Apamea lignicolora
    Apamea lignicolora
    The Wood-coloured Quaker is a moth of the Noctuidae family. It is found from Nova Scotia to North Carolina, west to California, north to British Columbia.This wingspan is 45-50 mm...

    (Guenée, 1852)
  • Apamea lintneri Grote, 1873
  • Apamea lithoxylaea
    Apamea lithoxylaea
    The Light Arches is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is distributed throughout Europe.This species has a wingspan of 43-50 mm. This moth flies at night from June to August and is attracted to light and sugar....

    - Light Arches
    Apamea lithoxylaea
    The Light Arches is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is distributed throughout Europe.This species has a wingspan of 43-50 mm. This moth flies at night from June to August and is attracted to light and sugar....

     Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775
  • Apamea longula
    Apamea longula
    Apamea longula is a moth of the Noctuidae family. It is found in North America, including Nevada and Alberta.The wingspan is about 39 mm.-External links:**...

    (Grote, 1879)
  • Apamea lutosa
    Apamea lutosa
    The Opalescent Apamea is a moth of the Noctuidae family. It is found in the north-eastern parts of the United States, including New York and Indiana. In Canada it is found in Ontario, Quebec, British Columbia, Saskatchewan and Manitoba....

    (Andrews, 1877)
  • Apamea lysis (Fawcett, 1917)
  • Apamea macronephra Berio, 1960
  • Apamea magnirena
    Apamea magnirena
    Apamea magnirena is a moth of the Noctuidae family. It is found in India, China and Taiwan....

    (Boursin, 1943)
  • Apamea maillardi (Geyer, [1834])
  • Apamea maraschi (Draudt, 1934)
  • Apamea maroccana (Zerny, 1934)
  • Apamea maxima
    Apamea maxima
    Apamea maxima is a moth of the Noctuidae family. It is found from California to British Columbia.-External links:**...

    (Dyar, 1904)
  • Apamea michielii Varga, 1976
  • Apamea mikkolai Hreblay & Ronkay, 1998
  • Apamea minnecii (Berio, 1939)
  • Apamea minoica (Fibigier, Schmidt & Zilli, 2005)
  • Apamea monoglypha
    Dark Arches
    The Dark Arches is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is a common, sometimes abundant, European species. It is found in most of Europe except northernmost Fennoscandia and the southern parts of the Iberian Peninsula and Greece. The smaller subspecies sardoa is found on Sardinia and Corsica. The...

    - Dark Arches
    Dark Arches
    The Dark Arches is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is a common, sometimes abundant, European species. It is found in most of Europe except northernmost Fennoscandia and the southern parts of the Iberian Peninsula and Greece. The smaller subspecies sardoa is found on Sardinia and Corsica. The...

     Hufnagel, 1766
  • Apamea nekrasovi Mikkola, Gyulai & Varga, 1997
  • Apamea nigrior
    Apamea nigrior
    The Black-dashed Apamea or Dark Apamea is a moth of the Noctuidae family. It is found from New Brunswick to Georgia, west to Indiana, north to Wisconsin and Ontario....

    (Smith, 1891)
  • Apamea nigrostria Hreblay, Peregovits & Ronkay, 1999
  • Apamea niveivenosa
    Apamea niveivenosa
    The Snowy-veined Apamea is a moth of the Noctuidae family. It is found from the Northwest Territories and British Columbia to Nova Scotia and adjacent northern states in the United States, south in the west to Nevada and Colorado....

    (Grote, 1879)
  • Apamea nubila Moore, 1881
  • Apamea obliviosa (Walker, 1858)
  • Apamea oblonga
    Apamea oblonga
    The Crescent Striped is a moth of the Noctuidae family. It is found in most of Europe, east to southern Russia, southern Siberia, Turkey, Iran, northern Pakistan, Mongolia, China , Sakhalin and Japan....

    (Haworth, 1809)
  • Apamea occidens
    Apamea occidens
    The Western Apamea is a moth of the Noctuidae family. It is found from California to Colorado, north to British Columbia and Alberta.The wingspan is 41-46 mm. The moth flies from June to August depending on the location....

    (Grote, 1878)
  • Apamea ontakensis Sugi, 1982
  • Apamea ophiogramma
    Apamea ophiogramma
    The Double Lobed is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found in Europe. There are at leasttwo separate introductions into North America and it is now rapidly expanding in range....

    - Double Lobed
    Apamea ophiogramma
    The Double Lobed is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found in Europe. There are at leasttwo separate introductions into North America and it is now rapidly expanding in range....

     Esper, 1793
  • Apamea pallifera
    Apamea pallifera
    Apamea pallifera is a moth in the Noctuidae family. It is found in eastern North America, including Illinois.Apamea pallifera was originally described in Polia, but listed in Andropolia by Franclemont and Todd and Poole . The holotype is a species of Apamea purportedly from Illinois...

    (Grote, 1877)
  • Apamea permixta Kononenko, 2006
  • Apamea perpensa
    Apamea perpensa
    Apamea perpensa is a moth of the Noctuidae family. It is found in Arizona....

    (Grote, 1881)
  • Apamea perstriata
    Apamea perstriata
    Apamea perstriata is a moth of the Noctuidae family. It is found in western China....

    (Hampson, 1908)
  • Apamea platinea (Treitschke, 1825)
  • Apamea platocosta Gyulai & Ronkay, 2001
  • Apamea plutonia
    Apamea plutonia
    The Dusky Quaker or Dusky Apamea is a moth of the Noctuidae family. It is found from Maine and Nova Scotia west across southern Canada to Vancouver Island, south through Manitoba to Wisconsin and Ohio....

    (Grote, 1883)
  • Apamea polyglypha (Staudinger, 1892)
  • Apamea pseudoaltijuga Grosser, 1985
  • Apamea purpurina
    Apamea purpurina
    Apamea purpurina is a moth of the Noctuidae family. It is found in Tibet....

    (Hampson, 1908)
  • Apamea quinteri Mikkola & Lafontaine, 2009
  • Apamea rectificata Hreblay & Plante, 1995
  • Apamea relicina (Morrison, 1875)
    • Apamea relicina relicina (Morrison, 1875)
    • Apamea relicina migrata (Smith, [1904])
  • Apamea remissa
    Dusky Brocade
    The Dusky Brocade is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is distributed throughout Europe. It has also been reported from Alaska by Kononenko et al. in 1989....

    - Dusky Brocade
    Dusky Brocade
    The Dusky Brocade is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is distributed throughout Europe. It has also been reported from Alaska by Kononenko et al. in 1989....

     Hübner, 1809
  • Apamea reseri Hreblay & Ronkay, 1998
  • Apamea robertsoni
    Apamea robertsoni
    Apamea robertsoni is a moth of the Noctuidae family. It is found in North America, including California....

    Mikkola and Mustelin, 2006
  • Apamea roedereri Viette, 1976
  • Apamea rubrirena
    Apamea rubrirena
    Apamea rubrirena is a moth of the Noctuidae family. It is found from northern and western Europe, east throughRussia and Asia to Japan and Korea. It is also present on the Kuril Islands, the Aleutian Islands and has been reported from Alaska for the first time in 1989.This wingspan is 40-51 mm....

    (Treitschke, 1825)
  • Apamea rufa (Draudt, 1950)
  • Apamea rufomedialis (Marumo, 1920)
  • Apamea rufus
    Apamea rufus
    Apamea rufus is a moth of the Noctuidae family. It is found in Taiwan....

    (Chang, 1991)
  • Apamea sanyibaglya Hreblay & Ronkay, 1998
  • Apamea schawerdae (Draeseke, 1928)
  • Apamea scolopacina
    Apamea scolopacina
    The Slender Brindle is a moth of the Noctuidae family. It is found in Southern and Central Europe, Southern Siberia, the Kuriles to Japan.The wingspan is 32-36 mm. Adults are on wing from July to August depending on the location....

    (Esper, 1788)
  • Apamea scoparia
    Apamea scoparia
    Apamea scoparia is a moth of the Noctuidae family. It is found from Newfoundland to British Columbia and adjacent northern states of the United States, north to the Northwest Territories, Yukon, and possibly Alaska, south in the west to California and Utah.The wingspan is about 43 mm...

    Mikkola, Mustelin & Lafontaine, 2000
  • Apamea shibuyoides Poole, 1989
  • Apamea sicula (Turati, 1909)
  • Apamea sinuata (Moore, 1882)
  • Apamea siskiyou Mikkola & Lafontaine, 2009
  • Apamea smythi Franclemont, 1952
  • Apamea sodalis (Butler, 1878)
  • Apamea sora
    Apamea sora
    Apamea sora is a moth of the Noctuidae family. It is found in North America, including Alberta.It was formerly considered to be a subspecies of Apamea auranticolor....

    (Smith, 1903)
  • Apamea sordens
    Rustic Shoulder-knot
    The Rustic Shoulder-knot is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is distributed throughout Europe and is also found in North America....

    - Rustic Shoulder-knot
    Rustic Shoulder-knot
    The Rustic Shoulder-knot is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is distributed throughout Europe and is also found in North America....

     Hufnagel, 1766
  • Apamea spaldingi
    Apamea spaldingi
    Spalding's Quaker is a moth of the Noctuidae family. It is found from central Saskatchewan west to British Columbia, south to at least Colorado and California....

    (Smith, 1909)
  • Apamea stagmatipennis (Dyar, 1920)
  • Apamea striata Haruta & Sugi, 1958
  • Apamea sublustris
    Apamea sublustris
    The Reddish Light Arches is a moth of the Noctuidae family. It is found in central and southern Europe , Turkey and the Caucasus.The wingspan is 42–48 mm. Adults are on wing from June to July....

    (Esper, [1788])
  • Apamea submarginata
    Apamea submarginata
    Apamea submarginata is a moth of the Noctuidae family. It is found in western China....

    (Leech, 1900)
  • Apamea submediana (Draudt, 1950)
  • Apamea superba (Turati, 1926)
  • Apamea syriaca (Osthelder, 1932)
  • Apamea tahoeensis Mikkola & Lafontaine, 2009
  • Apamea taiwana
    Apamea taiwana
    Apamea taiwana is a moth of the Noctuidae family. It is found in Taiwan....

    (Wileman, 1914)
  • Apamea terranea (Butler, 1889)
  • Apamea unanimis
    Apamea unanimis
    The Small Clouded Brindle is a moth of the Noctuidae family. It is native to Europe, Turkey, Azerbaijan and Western Siberia. However, it has been introduced in North America and can now be found in Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, New York, Michigan and Wisconsin.The wingspan is 30-38 mm...

    (Hübner, [1813])
  • Apamea unita
    Apamea unita
    Apamea unita is a moth of the Noctuidae family. It is found from Alberta south to Arizona.-External links:*...

    (Smith, 1904)
  • Apamea verbascoides
    Apamea verbascoides
    The Boreal Apamea or Mullein Apamea is a moth of the Noctuidae family. It is found from Newfoundland to North Carolina, northwest to Saskatchewan....

    (Guenée, 1852)
  • Apamea veterina
    Apamea veterina
    Apamea veterina is a moth of the Noctuidae family. It is found in the Korean Peninsula, Japan , north-eastern China, the Russian Far East and southern Siberia ....

    (Lederer, 1853)
  • Apamea vicaria (Püngeler, 1902)
  • Apamea vulgaris
    Apamea vulgaris
    The Common Apamea is a moth of the Noctuidae family. It is found from Nova Scotia to Kentucky, west to Kansas. It has been recorded from and Ontario, New York, Pennsylvania and Maryland....

    (Grote & Robinson, 1866)
  • Apamea vultuosa
    Apamea vultuosa
    The Airy Apamea is a moth of the Noctuidae family. It is found from coast to coast in southern Canada and the northern United States, south in the west to Oregon and Colorado, south in the east to Florida....

    (Grote, 1875)
  • Apamea walshi Lafontaine, 2009
  • Apamea wasedana Sugi, 1982
  • Apamea wikeri Quinter & Lafontaine, 2009
  • Apamea xylodes Mikkola & Lafontaine, 2009
  • Apamea zeta
    Apamea zeta
    The Exile or Northern Arches is a moth of the Noctuidae family. It is found from Iceland to Great Britain and Fennoscandia, south to the Iberian Peninsula through central Europe to the Balkans and Greece...

    (Treitschke, 1825)

External links

The source of this article is wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.  The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.
 
x
OK