Andrei Eberhardt
Encyclopedia
Andrei Augostovich Eberhardt - (1856 – 1919) was an Admiral in the Imperial Russian Navy
of Swedish ancestry.
Eberhardt graduated from the Marine Cadet Corps
in 1878. From 1882 to 1884 he served in the Pacific Fleet as a signals officer. In 1886 he became a flag officer and adjutant to Admiral Shestakov (Minister of the Navy) and in 1891 he became a flag officer to Admiral Tyrtov commanding the Russian Pacific Squadron. In 1896 Eberhardt was moved to the Black Sea Fleet were he was gunnery officer on the battleships Ekaterina II and Chesma. In 1898 he moved to the Far East where he commanded the Admiral Nakhimov
and took part in suppressing the Boxer Rebellion
During the Russo Japanese War Eberhardt was chief naval aide to Yevgeni Ivanovich Alekseyev the viceroy of Manchuria. In 1905 he was captain of the Russian battleship Imperator Aleksandr II
and in 1906 he was made captain of the Panteleimon
. He was promoted to Rear Admiral in 1907 and Vice Admiral in 1909
Eberhardt was Russia's Chief of the Russian Naval General Staff from 1908 and Commander-in-Chief of the Black Sea Fleet from 1911. During the World War I his top achievement was setting up a naval blockade of Zonguldak
coal fields choking coal supply of the German-Turkish fleet. He also comanded the Russian battleship squadron during the Battle of Cape Sarych
. However he was cautious to start further offensive actions against Turkish positions in Bosporus and was replaced by Aleksandr Kolchak
in 1916.
Imperial Russian Navy
The Imperial Russian Navy refers to the Tsarist fleets prior to the February Revolution.-First Romanovs:Under Tsar Mikhail Feodorovich, construction of the first three-masted ship, actually built within Russia, was completed in 1636. It was built in Balakhna by Danish shipbuilders from Holstein...
of Swedish ancestry.
Eberhardt graduated from the Marine Cadet Corps
Sea Cadet Corps (Russia)
The Sea Cadet Corps , occasionally translated as the Marine Cadet Corps or the Naval Cadet Corps, is an educational establishment for training Naval officers for the Russian Navy in Saint Petersburg.It is the oldest existing high school in Russia.-History:...
in 1878. From 1882 to 1884 he served in the Pacific Fleet as a signals officer. In 1886 he became a flag officer and adjutant to Admiral Shestakov (Minister of the Navy) and in 1891 he became a flag officer to Admiral Tyrtov commanding the Russian Pacific Squadron. In 1896 Eberhardt was moved to the Black Sea Fleet were he was gunnery officer on the battleships Ekaterina II and Chesma. In 1898 he moved to the Far East where he commanded the Admiral Nakhimov
Russian armoured cruiser Admiral Nakhimov
Admiral Nakhimov , was an armoured cruiser in the Imperial Russian Navy during the Russo-Japanese War. She was named after Admiral Pavel Nakhimov)-Construction:...
and took part in suppressing the Boxer Rebellion
During the Russo Japanese War Eberhardt was chief naval aide to Yevgeni Ivanovich Alekseyev the viceroy of Manchuria. In 1905 he was captain of the Russian battleship Imperator Aleksandr II
Russian battleship Imperator Aleksandr II
Imperator Aleksandr II was a pre-dreadnought battleship built for the Imperial Russian Navy in the 1880s. She was an artillery training ship assigned to the Baltic Fleet by the time of the Russo-Japanese War of 1905 and was not sent to the Pacific as was most of the rest of the Baltic Fleet...
and in 1906 he was made captain of the Panteleimon
Russian battleship Potemkin
The Potemkin was a pre-dreadnought battleship of the Imperial Russian Navy's Black Sea Fleet. The ship was made famous by the Battleship Potemkin uprising, a rebellion of the crew against their oppressive officers in June 1905...
. He was promoted to Rear Admiral in 1907 and Vice Admiral in 1909
Eberhardt was Russia's Chief of the Russian Naval General Staff from 1908 and Commander-in-Chief of the Black Sea Fleet from 1911. During the World War I his top achievement was setting up a naval blockade of Zonguldak
Zonguldak
Zonguldak is a city and the capital of Zonguldak Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey. Its population, according to the 2009 census, was 108,792. It is an important port on the Black Sea because of the coal mining in Zonguldak Province...
coal fields choking coal supply of the German-Turkish fleet. He also comanded the Russian battleship squadron during the Battle of Cape Sarych
Battle of Cape Sarych
The Battle of Cape Sarych was a naval engagement fought off the coast of Cape Sarych during the First World War. In November 1914, two modern Ottoman warships, a light cruiser and a battlecruiser, under the German Admiral Wilhelm Souchon engaged a Russian fleet including 5 obsolescent...
. However he was cautious to start further offensive actions against Turkish positions in Bosporus and was replaced by Aleksandr Kolchak
Aleksandr Kolchak
Aleksandr Vasiliyevich Kolchak was a Russian naval commander, polar explorer and later - Supreme ruler . Supreme ruler of Russia , was recognized in this position by all the heads of the White movement, "De jure" - Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, "De facto" - Entente States...
in 1916.
Honours and awards
- Order of St. VladimirOrder of St. VladimirThe Cross of Saint Vladimir was an Imperial Russian Order established in 1782 by Empress Catherine II in memory of the deeds of Saint Vladimir, the Grand Prince and the Baptizer of the Kievan Rus....
, 4th class with swords and bow (December 28, 1900), 3rd degree with swords, 2nd class with swords - Gold Sword for BraveryGold Sword for BraveryThe Gold Sword for Bravery was a Russian Empire award for bravery. It was set up with two grades on 27 July 1720 by Peter the Great, reclassified as a public order in 1807 and abolished in 1917. From 1913 to 1917 it was renamed the St George Sword and considered as one of the grades of the Order...
- Order of the White Eagle, with swords,
- Order of St. Alexander NevskyOrder of St. Alexander NevskyThe Imperial Order of St. Alexander Nevsky was an order of chivalry of the Russian Empire.-History:The introduction of the Imperial Order of St. Alexander Nevsky was planned by Emperor Peter I of Russia...
with diamonds (for the Black Sea Fleet Command in 1914-1916.) - Order of St. Stanislaus, 1st and 2nd classes
- Order of St. AnneOrder of St. AnnaThe Order of St. Anna ) is a Holstein and then Russian Imperial order of chivalry established by Karl Friedrich, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp on 14 February 1735, in honour of his wife Anna Petrovna, daughter of Peter the Great of Russia...
, 1st and 2nd classes - Order of St Michael and St GeorgeOrder of St Michael and St GeorgeThe Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George is an order of chivalry founded on 28 April 1818 by George, Prince Regent, later George IV of the United Kingdom, while he was acting as Prince Regent for his father, George III....
(United Kingdom) - Order of the Rising SunOrder of the Rising SunThe is a Japanese order, established in 1875 by Emperor Meiji of Japan. The Order was the first national decoration awarded by the Japanese Government, created on April 10, 1875 by decree of the Council of State. The badge features rays of sunlight from the rising sun...
(Japan) - Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the SwordOrder of the SwordThe Order of the Sword is a Swedish order of chivalry created by King Frederick I of Sweden on February 23, 1748, together with the Order of the Seraphim and the Order of the Polar Star.Awarded to officers, and originally intended as an award for bravery and particularly long or useful service, it...
(Sweden) - Knight Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour, also awarded Commander and Chevalier (France)
- Commander of the Order of the RedeemerOrder of the RedeemerThe Order of the Redeemer , also known as the Order of the Savior, is an order of Greece. The Order of the Redeemer is the oldest and highest decoration awarded by the modern Greek state.- History :...
(Greece)