Amphibolidae
Encyclopedia
Amphibolidae is a family of air-breathing snail
Snail
Snail is a common name applied to most of the members of the molluscan class Gastropoda that have coiled shells in the adult stage. When the word is used in its most general sense, it includes sea snails, land snails and freshwater snails. The word snail without any qualifier is however more often...

s with opercula
Operculum (gastropod)
The operculum, meaning little lid, is a corneous or calcareous anatomical structure which exists in many groups of sea snails and freshwater snails, and also in a few groups of land snails...

, terrestrial
Terrestrial animal
Terrestrial animals are animals that live predominantly or entirely on land , as compared with aquatic animals, which live predominantly or entirely in the water , or amphibians, which rely on a combination of aquatic and terrestrial habitats...

 pulmonate gastropod molluscs.

The family is considered to be among the most primitive of the pulmonate gastropods, for although amphibolids breathe air, they also have opercula
Operculum (gastropod)
The operculum, meaning little lid, is a corneous or calcareous anatomical structure which exists in many groups of sea snails and freshwater snails, and also in a few groups of land snails...

 and at least some species go through a free-swimming veliger
Veliger
A veliger is the planktonic larva of many kinds of marine and freshwater gastropod molluscs, as well as most bivalve mollusks.- Description :...

 stage.

2005 taxonomy

According to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005)
Taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005)
The taxonomy of the Gastropoda as it was revised by Philippe Bouchet and Jean-Pierre Rocroi is currently the most up-to-date overall system for classifying gastropod mollusks...

, it was an only family within a superfamily Amphiboloidea
Amphiboloidea
Amphiboloidea is a taxonomic superfamily of air-breathing land snails.- 2005 taxonomy :According to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda , it is a superfamily in the informal group Basommatophora, within the Pulmonata....

 in the informal group Basommatophora
Basommatophora
Basommatophora was a term that was previously used as a taxonomic informal group, a group of snails within the informal group Pulmonata, the air-breathing slugs and snails...

, within the Pulmonata
Pulmonata
The Pulmonata, or "pulmonates", are an informal group of snails and slugs characterized by the ability to breathe air, by virtue of having a pallial lung instead of a gill, or gills...

.

Genera

Genera and species within the family Amphibolidae include:
  • Amphibola
    Amphibola crenata
    Amphibola crenata is a species of air breathing snail with an operculum, a pulmonate gastropod mollusc which lives in a habitat that is intermediate between the land and the sea, not entirely terrestrial and not entirely marine...

    Schumacher
    Heinrich Christian Friedrich Schumacher
    Heinrich Christian Friedrich Schumacher , was a Danish surgeon, botanist and professor of anatomy at the University of Copenhagen...

    , 1817 - with the sole species Amphibola crenata
    Amphibola crenata
    Amphibola crenata is a species of air breathing snail with an operculum, a pulmonate gastropod mollusc which lives in a habitat that is intermediate between the land and the sea, not entirely terrestrial and not entirely marine...

    • incertae sedis
      Incertae sedis
      , is a term used to define a taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. Uncertainty at specific taxonomic levels is attributed by , , and similar terms.-Examples:*The fossil plant Paradinandra suecica could not be assigned to any...

      /species inquirenda
      Species inquirenda
      In biological classification, a species inquirenda is a species of doubtful identity requiring further investigation. The use of the term in English-language biological literature dates back to at least the early nineteenth century....

       Amphibola quadrasi Möllendorf, 1894
  • Lactiforis Golding, Ponder & Byrne, 2007
  • Naranjia Golding, Ponder & Byrne, 2007 - with the only one species: Naranjia swatowensis (Yen, 1939)
  • Salinator
    Salinator
    Salinator is a genus of small, air-breathing terrestrial or semi-marine snails with an operculum, pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the family Amphibolidae.-Species:Species within the genus Salinator include:* Salinator fragilis...

    Hedley
    Charles Hedley
    Charles Hedley was a naturalist, active in Australia and winner of the 1925 Clarke Medal.-Early life:...

    , 1900
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