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Pulmonata

 
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Pulmonata
 
 
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The Pulmonata or "pulmonates" are an order (once a subclass
Subclass

Subclass may refer to:* Subclass , a taxonomic rank intermediate between class and superorder* Subclass , a class that is derived from another class or classes...
) of snails and slugs that have developed a pallial
Pallium (anatomy)

Pallium is a term used for the anatomy of animals including humans, with several different specific meanings. The adjectival form of the word is "pallial"....
 lung
Lung

The lung is the essential respiration organ in air-breathing animals, including most tetrapods, a few fish and a few snails. In mammals and the more complex life forms, the two lungs are located in the chest on either side of the heart....
 and thus can breathe air. The group includes many land and freshwater families and a few marine ones.

Pulmonata are known from the Carboniferous
Carboniferous

The Carboniferous is a geologic period that extends from the end of the Devonian period, about 359.2 ? 2.5 annum , to the beginning of the Permian period, about 299.0 ? 0.8 Ma ...
 to the recent periods.








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The Pulmonata or "pulmonates" are an order (once a subclass
Subclass

Subclass may refer to:* Subclass , a taxonomic rank intermediate between class and superorder* Subclass , a class that is derived from another class or classes...
) of snails and slugs that have developed a pallial
Pallium (anatomy)

Pallium is a term used for the anatomy of animals including humans, with several different specific meanings. The adjectival form of the word is "pallial"....
 lung
Lung

The lung is the essential respiration organ in air-breathing animals, including most tetrapods, a few fish and a few snails. In mammals and the more complex life forms, the two lungs are located in the chest on either side of the heart....
 and thus can breathe air. The group includes many land and freshwater families and a few marine ones.

Pulmonata are known from the Carboniferous
Carboniferous

The Carboniferous is a geologic period that extends from the end of the Devonian period, about 359.2 ? 2.5 annum , to the beginning of the Permian period, about 299.0 ? 0.8 Ma ...
 to the recent periods.

Taxonomy

Order Pulmonata Cuvier
Georges Cuvier

Baron Georges L?opold Chr?tien Fr?d?ric Dagobert Cuvier was a France natural history and zoology. He was the elder brother of Fr?d?ric Cuvier , also a naturalist....
 in Blainville, 1814 (pulmonates)
  • Suborder Systellommatophora
    Systellommatophora

    The Systellommatophora or Gymnomorpha are a suborder of primitive, air-breathing snails. Some are marine and some are land-living, some have shells and some do not....
     Pilsbry, 1948
      • Superfamily Onchidioidea
        Onchidioidea

        Onchidioidea are a superfamily of small, air-breathing sea slugs. They are shell-less marine pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the order Systellommatophora....
         Rafinesque
        Constantine Samuel Rafinesque-Schmaltz

        Constantine Samuel Rafinesque-Schmaltz, as he is known in Europe, was a nineteenth-century polymath who led a chaotic life.Many have called him a genius, but he was also an eccentricity autodidact, sometimes considered close to insanity....
        , 1815
      • Superfamily Otinoidea H. & A. Adams, 1855
      • Superfamily Rathouisioidea Sarasin, 1889
  • Suborder Basommatophora
    Basommatophora

    Basommatophora is a taxonomic informal group within the informal group Pulmonata. According to the Taxonomy of the Gastropoda , whenever monophyly has not been tested, or where a traditional taxon of gastropods has now been discovered to be paraphyletic or polyphyletic, the term "group" or "informal group" has been used....
     Keferstein in Bronn, 1864 (freshwater pulmonates, pond snails)
      • Superfamily Acroloxoidea Thiele
        Johannes Thiele

        Johannes Thiele was a Germany zoologist specialized in malacology. His Handbuch der systematischen Weichtierkunde is a standard work. From 1904 until his retirement in 1925 he was the curator of the malacological collection at the Museum f?r Naturkunde in Berlin....
        , 1931
      • Superfamily Amphiboloidea
        Amphiboloidea

        Amphiboloidea is a taxonomy group of air-breathing land snails. According to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda , it is a superfamily in the informal group Basommatophora within the Pulmonata....
         J.E. Gray
        John Edward Gray

        John Edward Gray was a United Kingdom zoology. He was the elder brother of George Robert Gray and son of the pharmacologist and botanist Samuel Frederick Gray ....
        , 1840
      • Superfamily Chilinoidea H. & A. Adams, 1855
      • Superfamily Glacidorboidea Ponder, 1986
      • Superfamily Lymnaeoidea Rafinesque
        Constantine Samuel Rafinesque-Schmaltz

        Constantine Samuel Rafinesque-Schmaltz, as he is known in Europe, was a nineteenth-century polymath who led a chaotic life.Many have called him a genius, but he was also an eccentricity autodidact, sometimes considered close to insanity....
        , 1815
      • Superfamily Planorboidea Rafinesque
        Constantine Samuel Rafinesque-Schmaltz

        Constantine Samuel Rafinesque-Schmaltz, as he is known in Europe, was a nineteenth-century polymath who led a chaotic life.Many have called him a genius, but he was also an eccentricity autodidact, sometimes considered close to insanity....
        , 1815
      • Superfamily Siphonarioidea J.E. Gray
        John Edward Gray

        John Edward Gray was a United Kingdom zoology. He was the elder brother of George Robert Gray and son of the pharmacologist and botanist Samuel Frederick Gray ....
        , 1840
  • Suborder Eupulmonata
    Eupulmonata

    The Eupulmonata are a taxonomic group of air-breathing snails. Some are marine and some are saltmarsh snails that can tolerate salty conditions, but the great majority of this group are land snails and slugs....
     Haszprunar & Huber, 1990
    • Infraorder Acteophila Dall, 1885 (= formerly Archaeopulmonata)
      • Superfamily Melampoidea Stimpson, 1851
    • Infraorder Trimusculiformes Minichev & Starobogatov, 1975
      • Superfamily Trimusculoidea Zilch, 1959
    • Infraorder Stylommatophora
      Stylommatophora

      Stylommatophora is an infraorder of air-breathing land snails and slugs, terrestrial animal pulmonate gastropod Mollusca. This infraorder includes the majority of land snails and slug....
       A. Schmidt, 1856 (land snails)
      • Subinfraorder Orthurethra
        Orthurethra

        Orthurethra is a taxonomic grouping of air-breathing land snails and slugs, terrestrial animal pulmonate gastropod Mollusca.In the Taxonomy of the Gastropoda , Orthurethra is treated as an Informal Group and subclade of Stylommatophora....
      • Superfamily Achatinelloidea Gulick, 1873
      • Superfamily Cochlicopoidea Pilsbry, 1900
      • Superfamily Partuloidea
        Partuloidea

        Partuloidea is a taxonomic group, a superfamily of land slugs, in other words shell-less snails.This superfamily of Terrestrial animal pulmonate gastropod mollusks is in the infraorder Stylommatophora and in the order Pulmonata....
         Pilsbry, 1900
      • Superfamily Pupilloidea Turton, 1831
      • Subinfraorder Sigmurethra
        Sigmurethra

        Sigmurethra is a taxonomic category of air-breathing land snails and slugs, terrestrial animal pulmonate gastropod Mollusca. This is an Informal Group which includes the majority of land snails and slug....
      • Superfamily Acavoidea Pilsbry, 1895
      • Superfamily Achatinoidea Swainson, 1840
      • Superfamily Aillyoidea Baker, 1960
      • Superfamily Arionoidea
        Arionoidea

        Arionoidea is a taxonomic group, a superfamily of land slugs, in other words shell-less snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks.This superfamily is in the infraorder Stylommatophora and in the order Pulmonata....
         J.E. Gray
        John Edward Gray

        John Edward Gray was a United Kingdom zoology. He was the elder brother of George Robert Gray and son of the pharmacologist and botanist Samuel Frederick Gray ....
         in Turnton, 1840
      • Superfamily Buliminoidea Clessin, 1879
      • Superfamily Camaenoidea Pilsbry, 1895
      • Superfamily Clausilioidea Mörch, 1864
      • Superfamily Dyakioidea
        Dyakioidea

        Dyakioidea is a taxonomic superfamily of air-breathing land snails, Terrestrial animal pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the suborder Stylommatophora....
         Gude & Woodward, 1921
      • Superfamily Gastrodontoidea
        Gastrodontoidea

        Gastrodontoidea is a taxonomic superfamily of land snails, Terrestrial animal pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the infraorder Stylommatophora....
         Tryon, 1866
      • Superfamily Helicoidea
        Helicoidea

        Helicoidea is a taxonomic superfamily of air-breathing land snails, Terrestrial animal pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the infraorder Stylommatophora....
         Rafinesque
        Constantine Samuel Rafinesque-Schmaltz

        Constantine Samuel Rafinesque-Schmaltz, as he is known in Europe, was a nineteenth-century polymath who led a chaotic life.Many have called him a genius, but he was also an eccentricity autodidact, sometimes considered close to insanity....
        , 1815
      • Superfamily Helixarionoidea Bourguignat, 1877
      • Superfamily Limacoidea
        Limacoidea

        Limacoidea is a taxonomic superfamily of medium-sized to large, air-breathing land slugs. They are Terrestrial animal pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the infraorder Stylommatophora ....
         Rafinesque
        Constantine Samuel Rafinesque-Schmaltz

        Constantine Samuel Rafinesque-Schmaltz, as he is known in Europe, was a nineteenth-century polymath who led a chaotic life.Many have called him a genius, but he was also an eccentricity autodidact, sometimes considered close to insanity....
        , 1815
      • Superfamily Oleacinoidea H. & A. Adams, 1855
      • Superfamily Orthalicoidea Albers-Martens, 1860
      • Superfamily Plectopylidoidea Moellendorf, 1900
      • Superfamily Polygyroidea Pilsbry, 1894
      • Superfamily Punctoidea
        Punctoidea

        The Punctoidea are a superfamily of air-breathing land snails and slugs, terrestrial animal gastropod mollusks.This superfamily is in the infraorder Stylommatophora, the stalk-eyed snails and slugs....
         Morse, 1864
      • Superfamily Rhytidoidea Pilsbry, 1893
      • Superfamily Sagdidoidera Pilsbry, 1895
      • Superfamily Staffordioidea Thiele
        Johannes Thiele

        Johannes Thiele was a Germany zoologist specialized in malacology. His Handbuch der systematischen Weichtierkunde is a standard work. From 1904 until his retirement in 1925 he was the curator of the malacological collection at the Museum f?r Naturkunde in Berlin....
        , 1931
      • Superfamily Streptaxoidea J.E. Gray
        John Edward Gray

        John Edward Gray was a United Kingdom zoology. He was the elder brother of George Robert Gray and son of the pharmacologist and botanist Samuel Frederick Gray ....
        , 1806
      • Superfamily Strophocheiloidea Thiele
        Johannes Thiele

        Johannes Thiele was a Germany zoologist specialized in malacology. His Handbuch der systematischen Weichtierkunde is a standard work. From 1904 until his retirement in 1925 he was the curator of the malacological collection at the Museum f?r Naturkunde in Berlin....
        , 1926
      • Superfamily Trigonochlamydoidea
        Trigonochlamydoidea

        Trigonochlamydidae is a family of air-breathing land slugs, terrestrial animal gastropod mollusks in the clade Eupulmonata ....
         Hese, 1882
      • Superfamily Zonitoidea Mörch, 1864
      • ? Superfamily Athoracophoroidea P. Fischer, 1883 (= Tracheopulmonata)
      • ? Superfamily Succineoidea Beck, 1837 (= Heterurethra)


External links

  • on the UF
    University of Florida

    The University of Florida is a Public university land-grant university, sea grant colleges, Space grant colleges major research university located on a campus in Gainesville, Florida, in the United States....
     / IFAS
    Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences

    The University of Florida?s Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences is a federal-state-county partnership dedicated to developing knowledge in agriculture, human and natural resources, and the life sciences, and enhancing and sustaining the quality of human life by making that information accessible....
     Featured Creatures Web site