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Alkyl cycloalkane

 

 
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Alkyl cycloalkane
 
 
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Alkyl cycloalkanes are chemical compound
Chemical compound

A chemical compound is a Chemical substance consisting of two or more different chemical element Chemical bond together in a fixed mass ratio that can be split into simpler substances....
s with an alkyl
Alkyl

An alkyl is a univalent Radical consisting of carbon and hydrogen atoms, arranged in a chain. The Alkyls form homologous series with the general formula CnH2n+1....
 group with a single ring of carbon
Carbon

Carbon is a chemical element with chemical symbol C and atomic number 6. As a member of group 14 on the periodic table, it is nonmetallic and tetravalence?making four electrons available to form covalent bond chemical bonds....
s to which hydrogen
Hydrogen

Hydrogen is the chemical element with atomic number 1. It is represented by the chemical symbol H. At standard temperature and pressure, hydrogen is a colorless, odorless, nonmetallic, tasteless, highly combustion and explosive Diatomic molecule gas with the molecular formula H2....
s are attached according to the formula

CnH2n.


They are named analogously to their normal alkane
Alkane

Alkanes, also known as paraffins, are chemical compounds that consist only of the elements carbon and hydrogen , wherein these atoms are linked together exclusively by single bonds without any cyclic structure ....
 counterpart of the same carbon count: methylcyclopropane
Methylcyclopropane

Methylcyclopropane is the organic compound with the chemical formula Carbon4Hydrogen8. This colourless gas is the mono methyl derivative of cyclopropane....
, methylcyclobutane, methylcyclopentane, methylcyclohexane
Methylcyclohexane

Methylcyclohexane is a colourless liquid with a faint benzene-like odour. Its molecular formula is C7H14. Methylcyclohexane is used in organic synthesis and as a solvent for cellulose ethers....
, etc.

Methylcycloalkanes are classed into compounds with small, normal and bigger cycloalcanes, where cyclopropane and cyclopbutane are the small ones, cyclopentane, cyclohexane, cycloheptane are the normal ones and the rest are the bigger ones.
Nomenclature
The naming of polycyclic alkanes is more complex, with the base name indicating the number of carbons in the ring system, a prefix indicating the number of rings (eg, "bicyclo"), and a numeric prefix before that indicating the number of carbons in each part of each ring, exclusive of vertices.






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Encyclopedia


Alkyl cycloalkanes are chemical compound
Chemical compound

A chemical compound is a Chemical substance consisting of two or more different chemical element Chemical bond together in a fixed mass ratio that can be split into simpler substances....
s with an alkyl
Alkyl

An alkyl is a univalent Radical consisting of carbon and hydrogen atoms, arranged in a chain. The Alkyls form homologous series with the general formula CnH2n+1....
 group with a single ring of carbon
Carbon

Carbon is a chemical element with chemical symbol C and atomic number 6. As a member of group 14 on the periodic table, it is nonmetallic and tetravalence?making four electrons available to form covalent bond chemical bonds....
s to which hydrogen
Hydrogen

Hydrogen is the chemical element with atomic number 1. It is represented by the chemical symbol H. At standard temperature and pressure, hydrogen is a colorless, odorless, nonmetallic, tasteless, highly combustion and explosive Diatomic molecule gas with the molecular formula H2....
s are attached according to the formula

CnH2n.


They are named analogously to their normal alkane
Alkane

Alkanes, also known as paraffins, are chemical compounds that consist only of the elements carbon and hydrogen , wherein these atoms are linked together exclusively by single bonds without any cyclic structure ....
 counterpart of the same carbon count: methylcyclopropane
Methylcyclopropane

Methylcyclopropane is the organic compound with the chemical formula Carbon4Hydrogen8. This colourless gas is the mono methyl derivative of cyclopropane....
, methylcyclobutane, methylcyclopentane, methylcyclohexane
Methylcyclohexane

Methylcyclohexane is a colourless liquid with a faint benzene-like odour. Its molecular formula is C7H14. Methylcyclohexane is used in organic synthesis and as a solvent for cellulose ethers....
, etc.

Methylcycloalkanes are classed into compounds with small, normal and bigger cycloalcanes, where cyclopropane and cyclopbutane are the small ones, cyclopentane, cyclohexane, cycloheptane are the normal ones and the rest are the bigger ones.

Nomenclature


The naming of polycyclic alkanes is more complex, with the base name indicating the number of carbons in the ring system, a prefix indicating the number of rings (eg, "bicyclo"), and a numeric prefix before that indicating the number of carbons in each part of each ring, exclusive of vertices. For instance, a bicyclooctane which consists of a six-member ring and a four member ring, which share two adjacent carbon atoms which form a shared edge, is [4.2.0]-bicyclooctane. That part of the six-member ring, exclusive of the shared edge has 4 carbons. That part of the four-member ring, exclusive of the shared edge, has 2 carbons. The edge itself, exclusive of the two vertices that define it, has 0 carbons.

Reactions


The normal and the bigger alkylcycloalkanes are very stable like alkanes and their reactions (cf. radicalic chain reactions) are like alkanes.

The small alkylcycloalkanes - particularly alkylcyclopropane - has a lower stability due to the Baeyer-tension. They react similar to alkenes, though they don't react with the EA (cf. electrophilic addition
Electrophilic addition

In organic chemistry, an electrophilic addition reaction is an addition reaction where, in a chemical compound, a pi bond is removed by the creation of two new covalent bonds....
), but with the SN2 (cf. nucleophilic substitution
Nucleophilic substitution

In organic chemistry and inorganic chemistry, nucleophilic substitution is a fundamental class of substitution reaction in which an "electron rich" nucleophile selectively bonds with or attacks the positive or partially positive charge of an atom attached to a group or atom called the leaving group; the positive or partially positive atom...
) reaction mechanism. These reactions are both ring opening reactions and cleavage
Cleavage (crystal)

Cleavage, in mineralogy, is the tendency of crystalline materials to split along definite Crystallography structural planes. These planes of relative weakness are a result of the regular locations of atoms and ions in the crystal, which create smooth repeating surfaces that are visible both in the microscope and to the naked eye....
 reactions.

Typical compound


The typical compound of the group alkyl cycloalkanes is methylcyclopropane
Methylcyclopropane

Methylcyclopropane is the organic compound with the chemical formula Carbon4Hydrogen8. This colourless gas is the mono methyl derivative of cyclopropane....
.