Abul Kashem
Encyclopedia
Mohammad Abul Kashem is generally considered as a pioneer and the architect of the historic Language Movement
Language Movement
The Bengali Language Movement, also known as the Language Movement , was a political effort in Bangladesh , advocating the recognition of the Bengali language as an official language of Pakistan...

 of Bangladesh. He was also a politician, author and an eminent educationist.

Early life

Principal Abul Kashem was born on June 28, 1920 at a village Cheebandy-Barama under Chandanaish Upazila of district of Chittagong
Chittagong
Chittagong ) is a city in southeastern Bangladesh and the capital of an eponymous district and division. Built on the banks of the Karnaphuli River, the city is home to Bangladesh's busiest seaport and has a population of over 4.5 million, making it the second largest city in the country.A trading...

. In 1939, Principal Abul Kashem obtained his Matriculation Examination from Boroma Trahi Menka High School with first class and Government district scholarship. He passed Isc from Chittagong government Collage in 1941 with first class. From Dhaka University, he obtained Bachelors of Science (honors) in Physics in 1944 and Masters of Science degree in Physics in 1945. He acquired his Master’s thesis under the supervisor of the famous mathematician and physicist Satyendra Nath Bose
Satyendra Nath Bose
Satyendra Nath Bose FRS was an Indian mathematician and physicist noted for his collaboration with Albert Einstein in developing a theory regarding the gaslike qualities of electromagnetic radiation. He is best known for his work on quantum mechanics in the early 1920s, providing the foundation...


Involvement in Language Movement

Principal Abul Kashem was associated with the literary and cultural activities of Bangladesh
Bangladesh
Bangladesh , officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh is a sovereign state located in South Asia. It is bordered by India on all sides except for a small border with Burma to the far southeast and by the Bay of Bengal to the south...

 for five decades. He contributed in the movement for recognition of Bengali as one of the state languages of Pakistan soon after the independence of Pakistan in 1947. On September 1, 1947 he founded the Pakistan
Pakistan
Pakistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan is a sovereign state in South Asia. It has a coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by Afghanistan and Iran in the west, India in the east and China in the far northeast. In the north, Tajikistan...

 Tamaddun Majlish
Tamaddun Majlish
Tamaddun Majlish is an Islamic cultural organization in Bangladesh, established in 1947 by Principal Abul Kashem in erstwhile East Pakistan...

 as a non-political cultural organization to mobilize students, intellectuals and the people in general for the Bengali language. On September 15, 1947 he published a booklet entitled, Pakistaner Rashtra Bhasha: Bangla Na Urdu?
Pakistaner Rashtra Bhasha: Bangla Na Urdu?
"Pakistaner Rashtra Bhasha: Bangla Na Urdu?" is a small book that published on September 15, 1947 by Bengali language movement pioneer Principal Abul Kashem on behalf of Tamaddun Majlish. Within one month of Pakistan's Independent by publishing this book, it demanded introduction of Bengali as one...

 (Pakistan’s state language: Bengali or Urdu?) demanding introduction of Bengali as one of the state language of whole Pakistan. This booklet also strongly advocated for Bengali as the medium of education, court language and for its use in the offices in East Pakistan
East Pakistan
East Pakistan was a provincial state of Pakistan established in 14 August 1947. The provincial state existed until its declaration of independence on 26 March 1971 as the independent nation of Bangladesh. Pakistan recognized the new nation on 16 December 1971. East Pakistan was created from Bengal...

. Also his untiring efforts let to the formation of the first Rashtrabhasa Sangram Parishad (State Language Committee of Action) on October 1, 1947 with Nurul Huq Bhuiyan
Nurul Huq Bhuiyan
A.S.M Nurul Haque Bhuiyan was a Chemistry professor and politician who was a senior leader of the Tamaddun Majlish and the first convener of the Rastrabhasa Sangram Parishad during the Language Movement....

 as the convener and he himself as the treasurer. On December 6, 1947, a meeting was held under the president-ship of Principal Abul Kashem in Dhaka University campus which protested the resolution of the education week held in Karachi suggesting Urdu as the state language and the lingua franca of Pakistan. A protest procession was brought out from the meeting, which met Khawaja Nazimuddin
Khawaja Nazimuddin
Hajji Sir Khawaja Nazimuddin, KCIE , was the second Governor-General of Pakistan, and later the second Prime Minister of Pakistan as well.-Early life:...

, the provincial Chief Minister, and other ministers. Khawaja Nazimuddin gave a written assurance to the Action Committee that he would do the needful to introduce Bengali as one of the state language of Pakistan. Principal Abul Kashem actively participated in organizing a countrywide strike on March 11, 1948, to press for the language demand. As the outcome of the strike, on the eve of the impending visit of Mohammad Ali Jinnah (the founder of Pakistan) to Dhaka
Dhaka
Dhaka is the capital of Bangladesh and the principal city of Dhaka Division. Dhaka is a megacity and one of the major cities of South Asia. Located on the banks of the Buriganga River, Dhaka, along with its metropolitan area, had a population of over 15 million in 2010, making it the largest city...

, the then Provincial Government had no other alternative but to sign an agreement with the action committee on March 15, 1948 for introducing Bengali as one of the state language of Pakistan
Pakistan
Pakistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan is a sovereign state in South Asia. It has a coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by Afghanistan and Iran in the west, India in the east and China in the far northeast. In the north, Tajikistan...

.

Career

Principal Abul Kashem began his career as a lecturer in the Physics department at the Dhaka University in 1946. As a lecturer, he was the first person who delivered lectures in the Bengali at the Dhaka University. He held his lecturer position until 1953.

Principal Abul Kashem was actively associated with politics. He was co-founders of the Khilafat-e-Rabbani Party in 1952. He was a member of the provincial assembly as a United Front
United Front (East Pakistan)
The United Front was a coalition of mainly political parties from East Pakistan, organized and led by A. K. Fazlul Huq, Maulana Bhashani and Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy of the Awami League. The coalition demanded greater provincial autonomy, the United Front had claimed during their 1954 election...

 nominee in 1954 from the Patia-Boalkhali constituency in Chittagong. While a member of the Legislative Assembly, he moved a resolution for introduction of Bengali as the medium of education at all levels. On September 30, 1956, he proposed Bangla as the state-language and it was approved unanimously and thus, Bengali received constitutional recognition as one of the State language of Pakistan. He founded the weekly Sainik in 1948, which acted as a mouth piece of historic Language Movement
Language Movement
The Bengali Language Movement, also known as the Language Movement , was a political effort in Bangladesh , advocating the recognition of the Bengali language as an official language of Pakistan...

.

He felt the need of introducing Bangla as medium of higher education in colleges and universities. With his dream, he established the Bangla College
Bangla College
Govt. Bangla College is a college of Bangladesh established on 1 October, 1962 by Abul Kashem in order to promote the use of the Bengali language in higher education. -History:...

 at Mirpur
Mirpur Thana
Mirpur is a thana of Dhaka city, Bangladesh. It is bounded by Pallabi Thana to the north, Mohammadpur Thana to the south, Kafrul to the east - to the west it is bounded by Savar Upazila.-Geography:Mirpur is located at...

, Dhaka in 1962 and served the college as Principal till 1981. He was the forerunner in introducing textbooks in Bangla for higher education and contributed much in initiating the Bangla version of the question papers for higher education.
Principal Abul Kashem receive a number of national and social awards which includes Independence Day Award
Independence Day Award
The Independence Day Award , also termed Independence Award , is the highest state award given by the government of Bangladesh. Introduced in 1977, this award is bestowed upon Bangladeshi citizens or organizations in recognition of substantial contribution to one of many fields, including the War...

 in 1993, Ekushey Padak
Ekushey Padak
Ekushey Padak is one of the highest civilian awards in Bangladesh, introduced in memory of the martyrs of the Language Movement of 1952 that took place on February 21, 1952.-2001:*Shah Abdul Karim...

 in 1987, Bangla Academy Award
Bangla Academy Award
Bangla Academy Award is a literary award given by the Bangla Academy of Bangladesh in recognition of creative genius in advancement and overall contribution in the field of Bangla language and literature....

 (for his book Biggan Somaj O Dhormo) in 1982, Islamic foundation Award in 1988, Pakistan Writers guild award in 1964 etc. He was accorded a national reception in Dhaka in 1989 which was attended by eminent scholars and litterateurs of Bangladesh and India. In 2007, Dhaka City Corporation
Dhaka City Corporation
Dhaka City Corporation is the former self-governing corporation that is associated with the task of running the affairs of the city of Dhaka. The incorporated area is divided into several wards. Each ward has an elected ward commissioner. The mayor of the city is elected by popular vote every five...

 named the former Darussalam Road of Mirpur
Mirpur Thana
Mirpur is a thana of Dhaka city, Bangladesh. It is bounded by Pallabi Thana to the north, Mohammadpur Thana to the south, Kafrul to the east - to the west it is bounded by Savar Upazila.-Geography:Mirpur is located at...

 1 as Bhasha Sainik Principal Abul Kashem Road for his contribution to historic Language Movement
Language Movement
The Bengali Language Movement, also known as the Language Movement , was a political effort in Bangladesh , advocating the recognition of the Bengali language as an official language of Pakistan...

.

Principal Abul Kashem died at the Suhrawardy Hospital in Dhaka, Monday, March 11, 1991.

List of works

A prolific writer, Principal Abul Kashem authored nearly 100 books including textbooks on science for postgraduate student and on education, Islam, culture and politics. These include 40 textbooks on physics and other science subjects for collage and University levels. Some of his well-know books are-
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— Bengali —

{|
|-
! Islam
|-
| * ইসলাম কি দিয়েছে ও কি দিতে পারে || Islam Ki Diyeche O Ki Dite Pare|| 1952
|-
| * বুঝে নামাজ পড়|| Buje Namaz Poro|| 1968
|-
| * ইসলামের রাষ্ট্রী্য় আদর্শ || Islamer Rashtio Adorsho|| 1980
|-
| * ইসলামী মেনিফেস্টো|| Islami Manifesto|| 1952
|-
| * একমাত্র পথ|| Akmatro Path|| 1949
|-
| * ঘোষনা || Ghoshona|| 1952
|-
! Islam & Science
|-
| * আধুনিক চিন্তাধারা|| Oadunik Chintadhara||1968
|-
| * বিজ্ঞান বস্তুবাদ ও আল্লাহর অস্তিত্ব || Biggan Bostubadh O Allahor Ostitto||1968
|-
| * বিবর্তনবাদ সৃষ্টিতত্ত্ব ও আল্লাহর অস্তিত্ব|| Bibortonbadh Sristitotto O Allahor Ostitto||1969
|-
| * বিজ্ঞান সমাজ ধর্ম || Biggan Shomaz Dhormo||1982
|-
! Economics
|-
| * কোরানিক অর্থনীতি|| Quranic Orthoniti|| 1971
|-
| * পাকিস্তানের অর্থনীতি|| Pakistaner Orthoniti|| 1965
|-
! International Politics
|-
| *তৃতীয় ব্লক আন্দোলন || Tritio Block Andolon|| 1952
|-
! History
|-
| *পাকিস্তানের রাষ্ট্রভাষা: বাংলা না উর্দু?||Pakistan er Rastrobhasha Bangla Na Urdu?||1947
|-
| *ভাষা আন্দোলনের ইতিহাস||Bhasha Andoloner Ithihash|| 1952
|-
| *আমাদের অতীত|| Oamader Otit|| 1957
|-
! Bangla College Related
|-
| * বাংলা কলেজের চাকরীর নিয়মাবলী|| Bangla Colleger Chakurir Niomaboli||1968
|-
| * বাংলা কলেজ প্রসঙ্গে||Bangla College Prosonge||1968 (2nd Edition)
|-
| * বাংলা কলেজ কি, কেন, এবং কিরুপ|| Bangla College Ki, Keno, Abong Kirup|| 1962
|-
| * ঈর্ষা বনাম সাধনা || Irsha Bonab Shadona|| 1965
|-
| * বাংলা কলেজের অগ্রগতি ও ভবিষ্যৎ|| Bangla Colleger Ogrogoti O Bhobishat|| 1964
|-
! Others
|-
| * শাসনতান্ত্রিক মুলনীতি|| Oadunik Chintadhara||1968
|-
| * বৈজ্ঞানিক দৃষ্টিতে শ্রেণীসংগ্রাম|| Boiganik Dhristite Srenisongram ||1952
|-
| * মুক্তি কোন পথে || Mukti kon Pothe||1952
|-
| * ইসলামী রাষ্টনীতি||Islami rastroneeti||1967
|-
| * আমাদের ভাষার রুপ || Amader Bhashar Rhup||1962
|-
| * বাংলা প্রচলনের কয়েকটি সমস্যা|| Bnagla Procholoner Koyekti Somosha||1967
|-
| * অফিস-আদালত ও শিক্ষার বাহনরুপে বাংলা প্রচলনের সমস্যা|| office-Adaloter O Shikkhar Bahonrupe Bangla Procholoner Somosha||Unkonwn
|-
| * সহজ বাংলা|| Shohoj Bangla||1974
|-
| * একুশ দফার রুপায়ন|| Ekush daffer Rupaon||1953
|-
| * কৃষক ভাইয়ের জমি চাই|| Krishok Bhaiyer Jomi Chai||Unknown
|-
| * শ্রমিক ভাইয়ের জমি চাই|| Sromik Bhaiyer Jomi Chai||Unknown
|-
| * দুইটি প্রশ্ন|| Duti Prosno||1955
|-
| * ভুলের পুনরাবৃত্তি|| Bhuler Punorabritti||1953
|-
| * রাষ্টবিজ্ঞান|| Rastrobiggan||1964
|-
| * সংগঠন|| Songothon|| 1952
|-
| * আধুনিক কারবার পদ্ধতি|| Adunik Karbar Poddoti||1966
|-
| * ছাত্র আন্দোলন|| Chatro Andolon||1951
|-
| * প্রবন্ধ মঞ্জুষা|| Probondho Monzusa||1989
|-
! Textbooks
|-
| * উচ্চমাধ্যমিক পদার্থিকা, ১ম খন্ড|| Ucchomaddomik Podarthika 1st part||1964
|-
| * উচ্চমাধ্যমিক পদার্থিকা, ২য় খন্ড|| Ucchomaddomik Podarthika 2nd part||1964
|-
| * উচ্চমাধ্যমিক ল্যাবরেটরী পদার্থিকা|| Ucchomaddomik Laboratory Podarthika||1964
|-
| * উচ্চমাধ্যমিক রসায়ন, ১ম খন্ড (অজৈব)|| Ucchomaddomik Rosayan, 1st part||1965
|-
| * উচ্চমাধ্যমিক রসায়ন, ২য় খন্ড (জৈব)|| Ucchomaddomik Rosayan, 2nd part||1965
|-
| * উচ্চমাধ্যমিক ল্যাবরেটরী রসায়ন|| Ucchomaddomik Laboratory Rosayan||1964
|-
| * উচ্চমাধ্যমিক এলজেব্রা|| Ucchomaddomik Algebra||1964
|-
| * উচ্চমাধ্যমিক ক্যালকুলাস|| Ucchomaddomik Calculus||1966
|-
| * উচ্চমাধ্যমিক জ্যামিতি|| Ucchomaddomik Geometry||1964
|-
| * উচ্চমাধ্যমিক ডিনামিক্স|| Ucchomaddomik Dynamics||1968
|-
| * উচ্চমাধ্যমিক ত্রিকোনমিতি|| Ucchomaddomik Trigonometry||1964
|-
| * উচ্চমাধ্যমিক স্টেটিস্ক|| Ucchomaddomik Statics||1967
|-
| * বিজ্ঞান প্রকাশ (৭ম ও ৮ম শ্রেণীর)|| Bhiggan Prokash (for 7th and 8th grade)||1949
|-
| * বিজ্ঞান প্রকাশ (৯ম ও ১০ম শ্রেণীর)|| Bhiggan Prokash (for 9th and 10th grade)||1949
|-
| * মাধ্যমিক ত্রিকোনমিতি|| Maddomik Trigonometry||1964
|-
| * ডিগ্রি পদার্থিকা|| Degree Padarthika||1971
|-
| * সহজ পদার্থিকা, ১ম খন্ড|| Shohoj Padarthika, 1st Part||1974
|-
| * সহজ পদার্থিকা, ২য় খন্ড|| Shohoj Padarthika, 2nd part||1974
|-
| * সহজ রসায়ন, ১ম খন্ড|| Shohoj Rosaya, 1st part||1962
|-
| * সহজ রসায়ন, ২য় খন্ড|| Shohoj Rosayan, 2nd part,||1962
|-
| * ল্যাবরেটরী রসায়ন (৯ম ও ১০ম শ্রেণীর)|| Laboratory Roshayan (9th and 10th grade)||1975
|-
| * ল্যাবরেটরী পদার্থবিজ্ঞান (৯ম ও ১০ম শ্রেণীর)|| Laboratory Podarthobiggan (9th and 10th grade)||1975
|-
| * ল্যাবরেটরী জীববিজ্ঞান (৯ম ও ১০ম শ্রেণীর)|| Laboratory Jibobiggan (9th and 10th grade)||1975
|-

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— English —

{|
|-
!Islam & Science
|-
| * Islam Science & Modern Thoughts|| 1975
|-
| * Universal Ideology in the Light of Modern Thought||Unknown
|-
!Textbooks
|-
| * Degree Physics|| 1970
|-
| * General Properties of Matter|| 1955
|-
| * New Physics (1st part)|| 1955, 6th Edition 1966
|-
| * New Physics (2nd part)|| 1956, 6th Edition 1966
|-
| * Inter Physics Tutor part 1|| 1955
|-
| * Inter Physics Tutor part 2|| 1955
|-
| * Laboratory Physics|| 3rd Edition 1970
|-

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External links

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