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Chittagong



 
 
Chittagong is the second-largest city and main seaport of Bangladesh
Bangladesh

, officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh is a country in South Asia. It is bordered by India on all sides except for a small border with Burma to the far southeast and by the Bay of Bengal to the south....
. Situated on the banks of the Karnaphuli River
Karnaphuli River

Karnaphuli is a 667 m wide river in the south-eastern part of Bangladesh. Originating from the Lushai hills in Mizoram, India, it flows 270 km southwest through Chittagong Hill Tracts and Chittagong into the Bay of Bengal....
, it is the principle city of Chittagong Division
Chittagong Division

Chittagong Division is one of the six administrative divisions of Bangladesh. It covers the most southern areas of the country and is also the second largest one....
 and a major center of commerce and industry in South Asia
South Asia

South Asia, also known as Southern Asia, is the southern region of the Asian continent, which comprises the sub-Himalayan countries and, for some authorities , also includes the adjoining countries on the west and the east....
. The city, under the jurisdiction of the city corporation, has a population of about 2.5 million and is constantly growing.

Nestled between the Chittagong Hill Tracts
Chittagong Hill Tracts

The Chittagong Hill Tracts comprise an area of 13,180 square kilometer in south-eastern Bangladesh, and borders India and Myanmar . It was a single Districts of Bangladesh of Bangladesh till 1984....
 and the Bay of Bengal
Bay of Bengal

The Bay of Bengal is a Headlands and bays that forms the northeastern part of the Indian Ocean. It resembles a triangle in shape, and is bordered by India and Sri Lanka to the West, Bangladesh and the Indian state of West Bengal to the North , and Myanmar, southern part of Thailand and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands to the East....
, Chittagong is considered as Bangladesh's commercial capital and home to the country's major industries.






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Chittagong is the second-largest city and main seaport of Bangladesh
Bangladesh

, officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh is a country in South Asia. It is bordered by India on all sides except for a small border with Burma to the far southeast and by the Bay of Bengal to the south....
. Situated on the banks of the Karnaphuli River
Karnaphuli River

Karnaphuli is a 667 m wide river in the south-eastern part of Bangladesh. Originating from the Lushai hills in Mizoram, India, it flows 270 km southwest through Chittagong Hill Tracts and Chittagong into the Bay of Bengal....
, it is the principle city of Chittagong Division
Chittagong Division

Chittagong Division is one of the six administrative divisions of Bangladesh. It covers the most southern areas of the country and is also the second largest one....
 and a major center of commerce and industry in South Asia
South Asia

South Asia, also known as Southern Asia, is the southern region of the Asian continent, which comprises the sub-Himalayan countries and, for some authorities , also includes the adjoining countries on the west and the east....
. The city, under the jurisdiction of the city corporation, has a population of about 2.5 million and is constantly growing.

Nestled between the Chittagong Hill Tracts
Chittagong Hill Tracts

The Chittagong Hill Tracts comprise an area of 13,180 square kilometer in south-eastern Bangladesh, and borders India and Myanmar . It was a single Districts of Bangladesh of Bangladesh till 1984....
 and the Bay of Bengal
Bay of Bengal

The Bay of Bengal is a Headlands and bays that forms the northeastern part of the Indian Ocean. It resembles a triangle in shape, and is bordered by India and Sri Lanka to the West, Bangladesh and the Indian state of West Bengal to the North , and Myanmar, southern part of Thailand and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands to the East....
, Chittagong is considered as Bangladesh's commercial capital and home to the country's major industries. Being the country's major seaport, much of Bangladesh's export and import passes through the Port of Chittagong
Port of Chittagong

The Port of Chittagong is the largest seaport in Bangladesh, located by the estuary of the Karnaphuli River in Patenga, near the city of Chittagong....
. The port has extensive modern facilities and is expected to be transformed into a world class deep sea port in the coming years in order to cater to the growing economies of the region including that of Bangladesh
Bangladesh

, officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh is a country in South Asia. It is bordered by India on all sides except for a small border with Burma to the far southeast and by the Bay of Bengal to the south....
, eastern India, Nepal
Nepal

Nepal , officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal, is a landlocked country in South Asia and is the world's youngest republic. It is bordered to the north by the People's Republic of China, and to the south, east, and west by India....
, Bhutan
Bhutan

The Kingdom of Bhutan is a landlocked nation in South Asia, located at the eastern end of the Himalaya Mountains and is bordered to the south, east and west by India and to the north by the Tibet Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China....
, western China
Western China

Western China refers to the western part of China. In the definition of the Government of the People's Republic of China, Western China covers six province of China: Gansu, Guizhou, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Sichuan, and Yunnan; one municipality of China: Chongqing; and three autonomous region of China: Ningxia, Tibet Autonomous Region, and Xinjiang...
 and northern Burma. The city has a vibrant economy and a diverse population of Bengalis, Chakma
Chakma

Chakma may refer to:*Chakma people*Chakma language*Ojhopath...
, Burmese
Burmese

Burmese may refer to:* Something of, from, or related to Burma, a country in Southeast Asia* A person from Burma, or of Burmese descent. For information about the Burmese people, see Demographics of Burma and Culture of Burma....
, Tripuri
Tripuri

The Tripuri people are the original inhabitants of the Kingdom of Tripura in North-East India and Bangladesh. The Tripuri people through the Royal family of the Debbarmas ruled the Kingdom of Tripura for more than 2000 years till the kingdom joined the Indian Union in 1949....
, Chinese
Chinese people

The term Chinese people may refer to any of the following:*People who reside in and hold citizenship of the Nationality Law of the People's Republic of China or the Republic of China ....
, Korean
Korean people

The Korean people are an ethnic group originating in East Asia. Most Koreans speak the Korean language....
 and Marma
Marma

The Marma is an Arakanese tribe inhabiting the Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh. As of 2001, their population stood at 150,000. Ethnically related to the Chakma, they are largely followers of Theravada Buddhism, of which their belief system is mixed with Animism....
.

Many famous travelers including Ibn Battuta
Ibn Battuta

Ibn Battuta was a Muslim Berber, scholar and traveller who is known for the account of his travels and excursions called the Rihla. His journeys lasted for a period of nearly thirty years and covered almost the entirety of the known Muslim world and beyond, extending from North Africa, West Africa, Southern Europe and Eastern Europe in t...
 passed through Chittagong. The city had once been a Portuguese
Portugal

Portugal , officially the Portuguese Republic , is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. Located in southwestern Europe, Portugal is the westernmost country of mainland Europe and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the west and south and by Spain to the north and east....
 colony before Mughal
Mughal

Mughal may refer to:* Mughal , a Central Asian tribe* Mughal gardens, a style of gardens* Mughal architecture, a style of architecture* Mughal painting, a style of painting...
 rule. During the British Raj
British Raj

British Raj primarily refers to the British rule in the Indian subcontinent between 1858 and 1947; it can also refer to the period of dominion, and even the region under the rule....
, it became a hot bed for revolutionary activities. During the Second World War, Chittagong served as a major lifeline for Allied forces fighting in Burma. After the Partition of India
Partition of India

File:Brit IndianEmpireReligions3.jpgThe Partition of India was the Partition of British India that led to the creation, on August 14, 1947 and August 15, 1947, respectively, of the Sovereignty states of the Dominion of Pakistan and the Union of India ....
, the city became a part of East Pakistan
East Pakistan

East Pakistan was a former Provinces of Pakistan of Pakistan which existed between 1955 and 1971. East Pakistan was created from Bengal Province based on a plebiscite in what was then British Raj in 1947....
. During the Bangladesh Liberation War
Bangladesh Liberation War

The Bangladesh Liberation WarBangladesh Liberation War/nomenclature justification was an armed conflict pitting West Pakistan against East Pakistan and India, that resulted in the secession of East Pakistan to become the independent nation of Bangladesh....
, Chittagong witnessed some of the heaviest fighting with the Mukti Bahini
Mukti Bahini

Mukti Bahini , also termed as the "Freedom Fighters" or FFs, collectively refers to the armed organizations who fought against the Pakistan Army during the Bangladesh Liberation War....
 attacking Pakistani navy ships and the Indian navy firing missiles at Pakistani naval installations. It was in Chittagong where Awami League leader M A Hannan
M A Hannan

M. A. Hannan or Abdul Hannan is cited by many as the first person to read over radio the Bangladeshi declaration of independence, written by the leader of East Pakistan and Chief of Awami League Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman from the Kalurghat Betar Kendra, Chittagong on March 26 1971....
 and liberation war hero and future Bangladeshi president Ziaur Rahman
Ziaur Rahman

Lieutenant-General Ziaur Rahman, Bir Uttam, Hilal-i-Jurat was a charismatic Bangladeshi war hero, politician and statesman. He was the President of Bangladesh from 1976 uptill 1981 and founded the Bangladesh Nationalist Party , one of the two largest political parties in the country....
  famously announced the declaration of indpendence on behalf of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
Sheikh Mujibur Rahman

Sheikh Mujibur Rahman was a Bengali people politician and the founding leader of Bangladesh, considered the Pater Patriae. He headed the Awami League, served as the first President of Bangladesh and later became its Prime Minister of Bangladesh....
. Chittagong was also where the assasination of President Ziaur Rahman
Ziaur Rahman

Lieutenant-General Ziaur Rahman, Bir Uttam, Hilal-i-Jurat was a charismatic Bangladeshi war hero, politician and statesman. He was the President of Bangladesh from 1976 uptill 1981 and founded the Bangladesh Nationalist Party , one of the two largest political parties in the country....
 had taken place during a failed mutiny.

History

Chittagong has been a seaport since ancient times. Arab
Arab

An Arab is a person who Identity as such on linguistic or cultural grounds. The plural form, Arabs , refers to the Ethnocultural group at large....
s traded with the port from the 9th century AD. The Chittagong region was under the kingdom of Arakan during the sixth and seventh centuries. Before Muslim rule, Chittagong had been either under the control of the Arakans or under the kings of Burma. Sultan Fakruddin Mubarak Shah of Sonargaon
Sonargaon

Sonargaon is the ancient capital of Isa Khan's kingdom in Bengal. It is located near the current-day city of Narayanganj, Bangladesh. The great Muslim traveler Ibn Battuta visited it in the 14th century....
 conquered Chittagong in 1340. The explorer Ibn Battuta
Ibn Battuta

Ibn Battuta was a Muslim Berber, scholar and traveller who is known for the account of his travels and excursions called the Rihla. His journeys lasted for a period of nearly thirty years and covered almost the entirety of the known Muslim world and beyond, extending from North Africa, West Africa, Southern Europe and Eastern Europe in t...
 passed through Chittagong during his travels. After the defeat of Sultan Ghyath ud-Din Mahmud Shah at the hands of Sher Shah Suri
Sher Shah Suri

Sher Shah Suri , also known as Farid Khan or Sher Khan , was a powerful medievalIndian emperor from Sasaram, Bihar, India. Sher Shah was of Pashtun people descent who founded the dynasty known as Sur Dynasty in 1540 in North India....
 in 1538, the Arakanese again captured Chittagong
Chittagong

Chittagong is the second-largest city and main seaport of Bangladesh. Situated on the banks of the Karnaphuli River, it is the principle city of Chittagong Division and a major center of commerce and industry in South Asia....
. From this time onward until its conquest by the Mughals this region was under the control of the Portuguese
Portugal

Portugal , officially the Portuguese Republic , is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. Located in southwestern Europe, Portugal is the westernmost country of mainland Europe and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the west and south and by Spain to the north and east....
 and the Magh pirates. The Mughal
Mughal

Mughal may refer to:* Mughal , a Central Asian tribe* Mughal gardens, a style of gardens* Mughal architecture, a style of architecture* Mughal painting, a style of painting...
 Commander
Commander

Commander is a military rank which is also sometimes used as a military title depending on the individual customs of a given military service. Commander is also used as a rank or title in some organizations outside of the military, particularly in police and law enforcement....
  Umeed Khan expelled the Portuguese
Portugal

Portugal , officially the Portuguese Republic , is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. Located in southwestern Europe, Portugal is the westernmost country of mainland Europe and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the west and south and by Spain to the north and east....
 from the area in 1666 and established Mughal
Mughal

Mughal may refer to:* Mughal , a Central Asian tribe* Mughal gardens, a style of gardens* Mughal architecture, a style of architecture* Mughal painting, a style of painting...
 rule there. The Mughals renamed Chittagong as Islamabad. The city was occupied by Burmese
Burmese

Burmese may refer to:* Something of, from, or related to Burma, a country in Southeast Asia* A person from Burma, or of Burmese descent. For information about the Burmese people, see Demographics of Burma and Culture of Burma....
 troops shortly in First Anglo-Burmese War in 1824. During the period 1920-40, Chittagong
Chittagong

Chittagong is the second-largest city and main seaport of Bangladesh. Situated on the banks of the Karnaphuli River, it is the principle city of Chittagong Division and a major center of commerce and industry in South Asia....
 became the main hub of revolutionary activities against the British Raj
British Raj

British Raj primarily refers to the British rule in the Indian subcontinent between 1858 and 1947; it can also refer to the period of dominion, and even the region under the rule....
. The geographical position of Chittagong
Chittagong

Chittagong is the second-largest city and main seaport of Bangladesh. Situated on the banks of the Karnaphuli River, it is the principle city of Chittagong Division and a major center of commerce and industry in South Asia....
, on the south east corner of a vast and scattered empire made it ideal for such clandestine activities. The main mastermind of these these activities was Surya Sen
Surya Sen

Surya Sen was a prominent Bengali people Indian subcontinent freedom fighter and was the chief architect of anti-British freedom movement in Chittagong, Bengal ....
, known to common people simply as 'Masterda'. After some minor attacks on the Raj
British Raj

British Raj primarily refers to the British rule in the Indian subcontinent between 1858 and 1947; it can also refer to the period of dominion, and even the region under the rule....
, the revolutionaries took control of the city on 18 April 1930. The revolutionaries looted the Chittagong
Chittagong

Chittagong is the second-largest city and main seaport of Bangladesh. Situated on the banks of the Karnaphuli River, it is the principle city of Chittagong Division and a major center of commerce and industry in South Asia....
 armory under the leadership of Masterda. The Indian republic was proclaimed with Surya Sen
Surya Sen

Surya Sen was a prominent Bengali people Indian subcontinent freedom fighter and was the chief architect of anti-British freedom movement in Chittagong, Bengal ....
 as the first president. The revolutionaries, however, failed to isolate the city, and reinforcement came quickly to the British. After 3 days the British were once again in control of the city. The revolutionaries were scattered, yet their operations continued. Even after the arrest and execution of Masterda (on Jan 1934), the activities continued. A number of women were also involved. The leaders of the women revolutionaries were Pritilata Waddedar
Pritilata Waddedar

Pritilata Waddedar was an anti-United Kingdom pro-India revolutionary in East Bengal, , now in Bangladesh.Born in Chittagong on 5 May 1911, she was a meritorious student at the Dr....
, Bina Das
Bina Das

Bina Das was an India revolutionary and Indian independence movement from Bengal.Bina Das was a member of Chatri Sangha , a semi-revolutionary outfit for women in Kolkata.In 1932, she attempted to assassinate the Bengal Governor Stanley Jackson, a former English national cricket captains, in the Convocation hall of the University of Calcut...
, Lila Ray, and Kalpana Dutta, among others. Finally, during the early 40's, as the battle in the Far East
Far East

The Far East is a term current in English language to refer to the countries of East Asia. The term is often expanded to also include Southeast Asia and South Asia, for economic and cultural reasons, for example because Buddhism is common to East Asia, Southeast Asia and South Asia....
 became very intense, Chittagong
Chittagong

Chittagong is the second-largest city and main seaport of Bangladesh. Situated on the banks of the Karnaphuli River, it is the principle city of Chittagong Division and a major center of commerce and industry in South Asia....
 became a vital component of the defence of British India. The regular presence of British Army
British Army

The British Army is the Army branch of the British Armed Forces. It came into being with the unification of the Kingdoms of Kingdom of England and Kingdom of Scotland into the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707....
 and Navy in the city made it difficult for the revolutionaries to carry on their activities. After more than two decades, Chittagong
Chittagong

Chittagong is the second-largest city and main seaport of Bangladesh. Situated on the banks of the Karnaphuli River, it is the principle city of Chittagong Division and a major center of commerce and industry in South Asia....
 lost its revolutionary character. In 1971, The Declaration of Independence of Bangladesh was announced from Swadhin Bangla Betar Kendra located at Kalurghat
Kalurghat

Kalurghat is located several miles north of the port city of Chittagong, Bangladesh, and is mostly famous for several heavy industries located there....
, Chittagong.

Freedom Fighters

Against East India Company 1857 Sepoy Mutiny
  • Subedar Razab Ali


1930 Against British Empire (Chittagong armoury raid
Chittagong armoury raid

The Chittagong armoury raid was an attempt on April 18, 1930 to raid the armoury of police and auxiliary forces from the Chittagong armoury in Bengal province of British India, by Revolutionary movement for Indian independence freedom fighters led by Surya Sen....
)
  • Surya sen
    Surya Sen

    Surya Sen was a prominent Bengali people Indian subcontinent freedom fighter and was the chief architect of anti-British freedom movement in Chittagong, Bengal ....
  • Tarokeshwar Dastidar
  • Pritilata Waddedar
    Pritilata Waddedar

    Pritilata Waddedar was an anti-United Kingdom pro-India revolutionary in East Bengal, , now in Bangladesh.Born in Chittagong on 5 May 1911, she was a meritorious student at the Dr....
  • Bina Das
    Bina Das

    Bina Das was an India revolutionary and Indian independence movement from Bengal.Bina Das was a member of Chatri Sangha , a semi-revolutionary outfit for women in Kolkata.In 1932, she attempted to assassinate the Bengal Governor Stanley Jackson, a former English national cricket captains, in the Convocation hall of the University of Calcut...
  • Lila Roy
  • Kalpana Dutta
  • Punlin Da
  • Binod Bihari Choudhury
Bangladesh Liberation war
Bangladesh Liberation War

The Bangladesh Liberation WarBangladesh Liberation War/nomenclature justification was an armed conflict pitting West Pakistan against East Pakistan and India, that resulted in the secession of East Pakistan to become the independent nation of Bangladesh....
 of 1971
  • Kazi Enamul Haque Danu
  • Mayor A.B.M Mohiuddin Chowdhury
  • MA Hannan
  • Johur Ahmed Chowdhury
  • Dr. Mahfuz
  • Eng. Afsar Uddin Ahmed
  • M. Gen. Ibrahim
  • Rakhal Chandra Bonik
  • Oli Ahmed
    Oli Ahmed

    Colonel Oli Ahmed is a senior Bengali politician. Currently, he is the executive chairman of Liberal Democratic Party in Bangladesh.Dr. Oli was a independence fighter during the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971, and was awarded the Bir Pratik for his bravery....
  • Quazi Abdul Mabood


Geography and climate

Chittagong is located at on the banks of the Karnaphuli River
Karnaphuli River

Karnaphuli is a 667 m wide river in the south-eastern part of Bangladesh. Originating from the Lushai hills in Mizoram, India, it flows 270 km southwest through Chittagong Hill Tracts and Chittagong into the Bay of Bengal....
. The City Corporation has a total area of . The city is known for its vast hilly terrain that stretches throughout the entire district and eventually into India
India

India, officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and outlying territories by total area country by geographical area, the List of countries by population country, and the most populous liberal democracy in the world....
. Chittagong does not contain any natural lakes, but it does have artificial lakes. Hassen Zahid was the most important historical revolution hero from Al rushaid.

Civil administration

Chittagong is a Divisional Headquarters for the Chittagong Division
Chittagong Division

Chittagong Division is one of the six administrative divisions of Bangladesh. It covers the most southern areas of the country and is also the second largest one....
. The Divisional Commissioner is the Highest Ranking Government Official and is the chief coordinator of all 11 Districts. He is assisted with 3 Additional Divisional Commissioners. The Chittagong District
Chittagong District

Chittagong District is a district located in the south-eastern region of Bangladesh. It is a part of the Chittagong Division. The port city of Chittagong, second largest city in Bangladesh, is located in this district....
 has a District Commissioner. The city areas are divided into several wards and mahallas, under the jurisdiction of the Chittagong City Corporation
Chittagong City Corporation

Chittagong City Corporation is a self-governing organisation which governs the municipal areas of Chittagong and some adjoining areas of south-eastern Bangladesh....
.

People and culture

The people of the city are diverse and multi-ethnic, and the native Bengali
Bengali people

The Bengali people are the ethnic community from Bengal in South Asia with a history dating back four millennia. They speak Bengali language , a language of the eastern Indo-Aryan languages branch of the Indo-European languages....
 and Tibeto-Burman populations have had significant influence from Arab, Afghan
Afghanistan

Afghanistan , officially the Islamic republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country that is located approximately in the center of Asia....
, and Mughal
Mughal era

The Mughal era is the historic period of the Mughal Empire in India, it ran from the early sixteenth century, to a point in the early eighteenth century when the Mughal Emperors' power had dwindled....
 traders and settlers, all of whom had travelled in the city after arriving on its shores many hundreds of years ago. There are many Tibeto-Burman tribes that have been influenced by Bengali culture also living there, such as the Chakma people
Chakma people

The Chakma , also known as the Changma , are a community inhabiting the Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh, and India. History says that people of Chakma origin are living in Burma, where they are known as Sak/Thet or Thek....
. The descendants of Portuguese
Portugal

Portugal , officially the Portuguese Republic , is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. Located in southwestern Europe, Portugal is the westernmost country of mainland Europe and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the west and south and by Spain to the north and east....
 settlers, known as the Firingi, also continue to live in Chittagong, as Catholic
Catholic

Catholic is an adjective derived from the Greek language adjective , meaning "whole" or "complete". In the context of Christianity ecclesiology, it has a rich history and several usages....
 Christian
Christian

A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, a Monotheism#Christian view religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus and interpreted by Christians to have been prophesied in the Hebrew Bible/Old Testament....
s, in the old Portuguese
Portugal

Portugal , officially the Portuguese Republic , is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. Located in southwestern Europe, Portugal is the westernmost country of mainland Europe and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the west and south and by Spain to the north and east....
 enclave of Pathor Ghata. Chittagong is home to many of the historic Christians of Bangladesh. In 1927, the city was made the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Chittagong
Roman Catholic Diocese of Chittagong

The Roman Catholic Diocese of Chittagong is a diocese located in the city of Chittagong in the Ecclesiastical province of Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Dhaka in Bangladesh....
.

Chittagong is also home to several of the most renowned universities of Bangladesh, The Asian University for Women (AUW) is a leading new institution of higher learning for talented students from across Asia, Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology (CUET), the International Islamic University Chittagong, the Chittagong University
Chittagong University

The University of Chittagong is a public university situated at Hathazari Upazila of the district of Chittagong, Bangladesh. The university was established in 1966....
, established in 1966, the Chittagong College
Chittagong College

Chittagong College is the topmost college in Bangladesh. It is also the first college established in Bangladesh. Having started out as Chittagong District school in 1836, it was upgraded to an Intermediate college in 1869....
 being notable examples. It also contains many madrasas (Islamic educational centers) within its borders. Hazrat Fate Ali Ra.was a famous saint of Islam, born in Chittagong. Chittagong is the home town of Dr. Muhammad Yunus
Muhammad Yunus

Muhammad Yunus is a Bangladeshi banker and economist. He previously was a professor of economics where he developed the concept of microcredit....
, founder of Grameen Bank
Grameen Bank

The Grameen Bank is a microfinance organization and community development bank started in Bangladesh that makes small loans to the impoverished without requiring collateral ....
, the pioneer of Microcredit
Microcredit

Microcredit is the extension of very small loans to the unemployed, to poor entrepreneurs and to others living in poverty. These individuals lack collateral , steady employment and a verifiable credit history and therefore cannot meet even the most minimal qualifications to gain access to traditional credit ....
, who won Nobel Prize in Peace in 2006

Sports

Though the people of Chittagong
Chittagong

Chittagong is the second-largest city and main seaport of Bangladesh. Situated on the banks of the Karnaphuli River, it is the principle city of Chittagong Division and a major center of commerce and industry in South Asia....
 show interest in many different sports, the biggest contribution of the city has come in the field of cricket.Specially, during the 80's, when cricket in Bangladesh
Bangladesh

, officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh is a country in South Asia. It is bordered by India on all sides except for a small border with Burma to the far southeast and by the Bay of Bengal to the south....
 was very much in the development stages, Chittagong
Chittagong

Chittagong is the second-largest city and main seaport of Bangladesh. Situated on the banks of the Karnaphuli River, it is the principle city of Chittagong Division and a major center of commerce and industry in South Asia....
 produced national cricketers like, Minhajul Abedin
Minhajul Abedin

Minhajul Abedin is a former Bangladeshi cricketer who played in 27 One Day International from 1986 to 1999. He captained Bangladesh twice during the Asia Cup of 1990-91....
, Nurul Abedin
Nurul Abedin

Nurul Abedin is a former Bangladeshi cricketer born September 7, 1964 in Chittagong who played in 4 One Day International from 1986 to 1990.Nurul Abedin, more commonly known as Nobel, was the elder brother of Minhajul Abedin ....
, Akram Khan
Akram Khan (cricketer)

Mohammad Akram Hussain Khan is a former Bangladeshi cricketer who played in 8 Test cricket and 44 One Day Internationals from 1988 to 2003. He captained Bangladesh in 15 of his ODIs....
, Zahid Razzak
Zahid Razzak

Zahid Razzak is a former Bangladeshi cricketer who played in 3 One Day Internationals from 1988 to 1990.After scores of 6,4,4, his ODI career ended....
 and many others. In fact at one stage half of the national team came from the port city. Both Minhajul Abedin
Minhajul Abedin

Minhajul Abedin is a former Bangladeshi cricketer who played in 27 One Day International from 1986 to 1999. He captained Bangladesh twice during the Asia Cup of 1990-91....
 & Akram Khan
Akram Khan

Akram Khan may refer to:*Akram Khan *Akram Khan *Akram Khan *Akram Khan ...
 went onto lead the national side with great distinction. The Star Club of Chittagong, played a big part in the development of cricket in the region. In recent years, two of the nephews of Akram Khan, Nafees Iqbal
Nafees Iqbal

Mohammad Nafees Iqbal Khan is a Bangladeshi cricketer. He is a right-handed batsman, and a right-arm medium pace bowler. As a young boy, he attended the English medium school, Maple Leaf International, in Dhaka, Bangladesh....
 & Tamim Iqbal
Tamim Iqbal

Tamim Iqbal Khan in Chittagong. He is a Bangladesh cricket teami cricketer who played in the 2006 U-19 Cricket World Cup in Sri Lanka. He plays his First-class cricket for Chittagong Division cricket team....
 have continued the family and city tradition by wearing the Tiger's colors. Aftab Ahmed
Aftab Ahmed

Aftab Ahmed Chowdhury is a Bangladeshi cricketer, and widely judged to be one of their best batsmen. He is a right hand batsman and right arm medium bowler....
 is another extremmely popular cricketer from the region. The M.A. Aziz stadium, situated just beside the Circuit House, regularly hosts international matches.

Economy and development

The sea-borne exports consist chiefly of ready made garments, knitwear, frozen food, jute
Jute

Jute is a long, soft, shiny vegetable fiber that can be spun into coarse, strong threads. It is produced from plants in the genus Corchorus, family Tiliaceae....
 and jute goods, leather and leather products, tea, and chemical products. There is also a large trade by country boats, bringing chiefly cotton, rice, spices, sugar and tobacco. Ship breaking
Ship breaking

Ship breaking or ship demolition is a type of recycling involving the breaking up of ships for scrap. Most ships have a lifespan of a few decades before there is so much wear that refitting and repair becomes uneconomic....
 was introduced to the area in 1969. This industry is concentrated at Fauzdarhat, a long beach north-west of Chittagong. Poor environmental standards produce unsafe labour conditions for ship-breaking workers and release dangerous or poison
Poison

In the context of biology, poisons are Chemical substance that can cause disturbances to organisms, usually by chemical reaction or other activity on the molecular scale, when a sufficient quantity is absorbed by an organism....
ous substances, such as asbestos
Asbestos

Asbestos is a naturally occurring silicate mineral with long, thin fibrous crystals. The word asbestos is derived from a Greek language adjective meaning inextinguishable....
 and PCBs
Polychlorinated biphenyl

Polychlorinated biphenyls are a class of organic compounds with 1 to 10 chlorine atoms attached to biphenyl which is a molecule composed of two benzene rings each containing six carbon atoms....
, into the environment. Chittagong is home to a large number of industries from small to heavy. It has automobile industries, oil refinery, pharmaceutical plants, chemical plants, export processing zones, steel mill
Steel mill

A steel mill is an industrial plant for the manufacture of steel.Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon. It is produced in a two-stage process....
s etc. The privately owned Korean export processing zone is also located in Chittagong.

The city of Chittagong had been long neglected by the Bangladeshi government, until the turn of the century when exports grew by 21.13% to an all time high of $8.02 billion.. Chittagong is the site of Bangladesh's busiest port which handles 80% of all Bangladeshi imports and exports. The strategic location of the port has allowed for interest by investors to help improve the city. Major business houses such as M.M Ispahani, A.K Khan and Co. , Habib Group
Habib Group

Habib Group is a Bangladeshi business conglomerate. The company was founded in 1947 with its head office in Chittagong, the port city of Bangladesh....
, PHP Group, KDS Group , S. Alam Group, Mostafa Group and T.K Group are all residents of Chittagong.
Shipbreakingbangladesh2
Agrabad is often known as Chittagong's chief commercial region. Several companies such as HSBC and Standard Chartered have offices stationed in the city. Numerous investments have allowed for a construction boom similar to Dhaka
Dhaka

Dhaka ? formerly Dacca and Jahangir Nagar, is the Capital of Bangladesh and the principal city of Dhaka District. Dhaka is a megacity and one of the major cities of South Asia....
. Over the years, scores of hotels, shopping centers, and other modern buildings have sprung up to change the face of the city. Ongoing developments include various multi-story shopping malls and a Chittagong World Trade Centre.

According to CityMayors Statistics Chittagong registered a GDP of $16 billion in 2005 with an annual growth rate of 6.3%. It is estimated that in 2020 the GDP of Chittagong will be $39 billion..

Education

Chittagong is home to only two of the nation's most prominent public universities and is the site of one of Bangladesh's largest universities, the University of Chittagong, established in 1966. The university is located in a remote place from the city (22 km north) of Chittagong. Therefore, it has free shuttle train service from 7:00 A.M. to 8:00 P.M. for students. There are bus services for the faculty and otherits staffs. With a modest beginning of 4 departments in 1966, the University of Chittagong has grown to 8 individual faculties, 35 departments, 3 institutes and 3 research centres. It has 3 affiliated Medical colleges under the Faculty of Medicine and 1 Veterinary Medicine College under the faculty of Veterinary Medicine. The veterinary medical college has recently been upgraded into a separate University. As such the number of faculties at present is 7. Current student enrollment is more than 15,000.

Another public university is Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology, established in 1968. CUET, with only about 2100 students and 8 academic departments, strongly emphasis in theoretical, applied, and interdisciplinary scientific and technological education. In addition to these, the university undertakes research works sponsored by local industries and national/international organizations, such as United Nations Organizations, Commonwealth Foundation, University Grants Commission, etc. As a center of excellence, CUET is not only continuing as the focal point for the development and dissemination of engineering and technological know-how within the country, but also it is involved to solve complicated practical problems of national importance faced by the planners, engineers and technologists of the country. The University is situated by the side of the Chittagong-Kaptai road some 25 kilometers off from the center of Chittagong City.

Chittagong Government Veterinary College (CGVC) has recently been upgraded to Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University
Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University

Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University is a public university of Bangladesh. It is located at khulshi, Chittagong. The chancellor of the university is President Zillur Rahman....
(CVASU), which consists of a faculty with 300 students providing theoretical, out campus work based learning and excellent scientific and technological education. It is the first university in Bangladesh of this type.

Chittagong has also many private universities which contribute to its educational system. Independent University Bangladesh (IUB), International Islamic University Chittagong (IIUC), Primear University, and the University of Science and Technology (USTC) are the top private universities of Chittagong..

Chittagong has public, denominational, and independent schools. Public schools, including preschools, primary and secondary schools, and special schools are administered by the Ministry of Education and Board of Education. Faujdarhat Cadet College
Faujdarhat Cadet College

Faujdarhat Cadet College, is a military high school, modeled after public schools in the UK , financed partially by the Bangladesh Army, located at Faujdarhat, near Chittagong, in Bangladesh....
, the oldest cadet college of Bangladesh is in Chittagong.

Transport

Transport in Chittagong is similar to that of Bangladesh's capital, Dhaka. There are various bus systems, taxis, and as well as smaller 'baby' or 'CNG' taxis, which are basically tricycle-structured motor vehicles. There are also traditional manual rickshaws, which are very common.

Chittagong has a station on the narrow gauge eastern section of the Bangladesh Railway
Bangladesh Railway

Bangladesh Railway began in 1862. In the same year it opened 53.11 kilometers broad gauge line for traffic on 15 November between Darsana and Jagiti....
. The headquarters of this railway are located here. There are main two railway stations in Station road Chittagong. Trains are available traveling to the Bangladeshi cities of Dhaka, Shylhet, Comilla, and Bhairav.

Shah Amanat International Airport
Shah Amanat International Airport

Shah Amanat International Airport , named after an Islamic saint, serves Bangladesh's south-eastern port city of Chittagong. It was formerly known as M....
 serves as Chittagong's international airport. It is the second busiest airport in Bangladesh. It has international service to destinations such as Abu Dhabi
Abu Dhabi

Abu Dhabi is the capital city and second most populous city in the United Arab Emirates , after Dubai. It is also the seat of government of the emirate of Abu Dhabi , which is ruled by Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan – the current ruling Emir of the UAE....
, Dubai
Dubai

Dubai is one of the seven Emirates of the United Arab Emirates and the most populous city of the United Arab Emirates . It is located along the southern coast of the Persian Gulf on the Arabian Peninsula....
, Sharjah
Sharjah (city)

Sharjah is the third most populous city in the United Arab Emirates and is the seat of government of the emirate of Sharjah . The city covers an approximate area of 235 km? and has a population of over 800,000 ....
, Jeddah
Jeddah

Jeddah is a Saudi Arabian city located on the coast of the Red Sea and is the major urban center of western Saudi Arabia. It is the largest city in Makkah Province, and the second largest city in Saudi Arabia after the capital city, Riyadh....
, Kuwait
Kuwait

The State of Kuwait is a sovereign Arab emirate on the coast of the Persian Gulf, enclosed by Saudi Arabia to the south and Iraq to the north and west....
, Bahrain
Bahrain

The Kingdom of Bahrain, in , , literally Kingdom of the Two Seas).Bahrain is an Arabic island country in the Persian Gulf ruled by the Al Khalifa regime....
, Qatar
Qatar

Qatar , officially the State of Qatar , is an Arab emirate in Southwest Asia, occupying the small Qatar Peninsula on the northeasterly coast of the larger Arabian Peninsula....
, Ras Al Khaimah, Kolkata
Kolkata

, Indian renaming controversy , is the Capital of the Indian States and territories of India of West Bengal. It is located in East India on the east bank of the River Hooghly....
, Yangon
Yangon

Yangon is the largest city and a former capital of Burma. It is the capital of Yangon Division. Although the State Peace and Development Council has officially relocated the capital to Naypyidaw since March 2006, Yangon, with a population of four million, continues to be the country's largest city and the most important commercial center....
, Muscat
Muscat, Oman

Muscat is the Capital and largest city of Oman. It is also the seat of government and largest city in the Muscat . As of 2008, the population of the Muscat metropolitan area was 1,090,797....
, Bangkok
Bangkok

The city of Bangkok is the Capital , largest urban area and primary city of Thailand. Known in Thai language as Krung Thep Maha Nakhon or Krung Thep for short, it was a small trading post at the mouth of the Chao Phraya River during the Ayutthaya Kingdom and came to the forefront of Thailand when it was given the status as the...
 and Kuala Lumpur
Kuala Lumpur

Kuala Lumpur , is the largest city of Malaysia. The city proper, making up an area of , has an estimated population of 1.6 million in 2006. Greater Kuala Lumpur, also known as the Klang Valley, is an urban agglomeration of 7.2 million....
. It was formerly known as MA Hannan International Airport, but was renamed on April 2, 2005 by the Government of Bangladesh. Major airlines that serve the airport include Biman Bangladesh Airlines
Biman Bangladesh Airlines

Biman Bangladesh Airlines is the Flag carrier of Bangladesh, with its main hub at Zia International Airport in Dhaka, the capital of the country....
, Best Air
Best Air

Best Air, a subsidiary of Best Aviation is a domestic private airline of Bangladesh. The company formed in 2007 as a joint venture between Best Aviation and a Kuwait-based company, Aqeeq Aviation Holding which controls a 70% share of the airline....
, Thai Airways International
Thai Airways International

Thai Airways International Public Company Limited is the flag carrier of Thailand, operating out of Suvarnabhumi Airport, and is a founding member of the Star Alliance network....
, GMG Airlines
GMG Airlines

GMG Airlines is an airline based in Dhaka, Bangladesh. A wholly-owned subsidiary of the GMG Group of Companies, it is Bangladesh's largest and leading private airline operating domestic, regional, and international services....
, Air Arabia
Air Arabia

Air Arabia is a Low-cost carrier based in Sharjah in the United Arab Emirates. It operates scheduled services to 40 destinations in the Middle East, North Africa, the Indian subcontinent and Central Asia....
, RAK Airways
RAK Airways

RAK Airways is the national airline of Ras Al Khaimah, one of the seven in United Arab Emirates. The airline launched operations early in 2007 with two Boeing 757-200 aircraft....
, United Airways
United Airways

United Airways may refer to*United Airways Ltd - a British airline merged in 1935 *United Airways - an airline started in 2005...
, Oman Air
Oman Air

Oman Air SAOC is the national airline of Oman. Based in Muscat, Oman it operates scheduled domestic and international passenger services, as well as providing local air taxi and charter flights....
 and Royal Bengal Air.

Chittagonian

Many Chittagong natives speak Chittagonian
Chittagonian language

Chittagonian is an Indo-European languages language spoken by the people of Chittagong in Bangladesh and in much of the southeast of the country....
 (?????????? Chatgaić), an Indo-European language of the Eastern Indic group. Many speakers consider their language to be a dialect
Dialect

A dialect is a variety of a language that is characteristic of a particular group of the language's speakers. The term is applied most often to regional speech patterns, but a dialect may also be defined by other factors, such as social class....
 of standard Bengali
Bengali language

Bengali or Bangla is an Indo-European languages language of the eastern Indian subcontinent, evolved from the Magadhi Prakrit and Sanskrit languages....
, the official language of Bangladesh. However, the two languages are not mutually intelligible, meaning that those who only know how to speak Standard Bengali will not understand Chittagonian speakers, and vice versa - normally the metric for languagehood among linguists. There is, however, a dialect continuum
Dialect continuum

A dialect continuum is a range of dialects spoken across a large geographical area, differing only slightly between areas that are geographically close, and gradually decreasing in mutual intelligibility as the distances become greater....
 between Chittagonian and neighboring dialects of Bengali, meaning that speakers of each neighboring dialect can largely understand each other, while speakers of more distant dialects cannot. Chittagonian has approximately 14 million speakers.According to the status of Top 100 Languages by Population by Ethnologue, Chittagong ranked in 67th Language of the world.

Sister cities

Kunming, Yunnan, China
Kunming

Kunming is a prefecture-level city and capital of Yunnan province, in southwestern China. Because of its year-round temperate climate, Kunming is often called the "Spring City" or "City of Eternal Spring" ....


See also

  • 1970 Devastating Cyclone
  • 1991 Bangladesh Cyclone
    1991 Bangladesh cyclone

    The 1991 Bangladesh cyclone was among the List of notable tropical cyclones on record. On the night of 29 April, 1991 a powerful tropical cyclone struck the Chittagong district of southeastern Bangladesh with winds of around 250 km/h ....
  • 2007 Chittagong mudslide
    2007 Chittagong mudslide

    The 2007 Chittagong Mudslide occurred in the port city of Chittagong in south-eastern Bangladesh. On 11 June 2007, heavy monsoon rainfall caused landslides that engulfed slums around the hilly areas of the city....
  • Chittagong Division
    Chittagong Division

    Chittagong Division is one of the six administrative divisions of Bangladesh. It covers the most southern areas of the country and is also the second largest one....
  • Chittagong Hill Tracts
    Chittagong Hill Tracts

    The Chittagong Hill Tracts comprise an area of 13,180 square kilometer in south-eastern Bangladesh, and borders India and Myanmar . It was a single Districts of Bangladesh of Bangladesh till 1984....
  • Chittagonian language
    Chittagonian language

    Chittagonian is an Indo-European languages language spoken by the people of Chittagong in Bangladesh and in much of the southeast of the country....


External links