ATC code N03
Encyclopedia
N03AA BarbiturateBarbiturateBarbiturates are drugs that act as central nervous system depressants, and can therefore produce a wide spectrum of effects, from mild sedation to total anesthesia. They are also effective as anxiolytics, as hypnotics, and as anticonvulsants...
s and derivatives
- N03AA01 MethylphenobarbitalMethylphenobarbitalMethylphenobarbital , also known as mephobarbital and mephobarbitone , marketed under brand names such as Mebaral, Mephyltaletten, Phemiton, and Prominal, is a drug which is a barbiturate derivative and is used primarily as an anticonvulsant, but also as a sedative and anxiolytic...
- N03AA02 PhenobarbitalPhenobarbitalPhenobarbital or phenobarbitone is a barbiturate, first marketed as Luminal by Friedr. Bayer et comp. It is the most widely used anticonvulsant worldwide, and the oldest still commonly used. It also has sedative and hypnotic properties but, as with other barbiturates, has been superseded by the...
- N03AA03 PrimidonePrimidonePrimidone is an anticonvulsant of the pyrimidinedione class, the active metabolites of which, phenobarbital and phenylethylmalonamide , are also anticonvulsants...
- N03AA04 BarbexacloneBarbexacloneBarbexaclone is a salt compound of phenobarbital and levopropylhexedrine. It was introduced in 1983. It has been reported to be as effective as phenobarbital but better tolerated; however, as of 2004, these "promising results" had not yet been confirmed nor denied in controlled trials...
- N03AA30 MetharbitalMetharbitalMetharbital was patented in 1905 by Emil Fischer working for Merck. It was marketed as Gemonil by Abbott Laboratories. It is a barbiturate anticonvulsant, used in the treatment of epilepsy...
N03AB HydantoinHydantoinHydantoin, which is also known as glycolylurea, is a heterocyclic organic compound that can be thought of as a cyclic "double-condensation reaction" product of glycolic acid and urea...
derivatives
- N03AB01 EthotoinEthotoinEthotoin is an anticonvulsant drug used in the treatment of epilepsy. It is a hydantoin, similar to phenytoin. Ethotoin lacks phenytoin's side effects of gingival hyperplasia and hirsutism, however it is less effective. This, combined with the need for frequent dosing has limited its usefulness...
- N03AB02 PhenytoinPhenytoinPhenytoin sodium is a commonly used antiepileptic. Phenytoin acts to suppress the abnormal brain activity seen in seizure by reducing electrical conductance among brain cells by stabilizing the inactive state of voltage-gated sodium channels...
- N03AB03 Amino(diphenylhydantoin) valeric acid
- N03AB04 MephenytoinMephenytoinMephenytoin is a hydantoin, used as an anticonvulsant. It was introduced approximately 10 years after phenytoin, in the late 1940s. The significant metabolite of mephenytoin is nirvanol , which was the first hydantoin...
- N03AB05 FosphenytoinFosphenytoinFosphenytoin is a water-soluble phenytoin prodrug used only in hospitals for the treatment of epileptic seizures....
- N03AB52 Phenytoin, combinations
- N03AB54 Mephenytoin, combinations
N03AC OxazolidineOxazolidineOxazolidine is a five-membered ring compound consisting of three carbons, a nitrogen, a hydrogen, and an oxygen. The oxygen and NH are the 1 and 3 positions, respectively. In oxazolidine derivatives, there is always a carbon between the oxygen and the nitrogen . All of the carbons in oxazolidines...
derivatives
- N03AC01 ParamethadioneParamethadioneParamethadione is an anticonvulsant in the oxazolidinedione class. It is associated with fetal trimethadione syndrome, which is also known as paramethadione syndrome.-Chemistry:...
- N03AC02 TrimethadioneTrimethadioneTrimethadione is an oxazolidinedione anticonvulsant. It is most commonly used to treat epileptic conditions that are resistant to other treatments.-Fetal trimethadione syndrome:...
- N03AC03 EthadioneEthadioneEthadione is an anticonvulsant medication in the oxazolidinedione family used mainly to treat seizures and meretrixitus....
N03AD SuccinimideSuccinimideSuccinimide is a cyclic imide with the formula C4H5NO2. It is used in a variety of organic syntheses, as well as in some industrial silver plating processes.-Succinimides:...
derivatives
- N03AD01 EthosuximideEthosuximideEthosuximide is a succinimide anticonvulsant, used mainly in absence seizures.-Approved:It is approved for absence seizures. Ethosuximide is considered the first choice drug for treating absence seizures in part because it lacks the idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity of the alternative anti-absence...
- N03AD02 PhensuximidePhensuximidePhensuximide is an anticonvulsant in the succinimide class.-Chemistry:Phensuximide, 1-methyl-3-phenylpyrrolidine-2,5-dione is synthesized by the reaction of phenylsuccinic acid or its anhydride with methylamine.*C.A. Miller, L.M. Long, ....
- N03AD03 MesuximideMesuximideMesuximide is an succinimide anticonvulsant medication. It is sold as a racemate by Pfizer under the tradenames Petinutin and Celontin...
- N03AD51 Ethosuximide, combinations
N03AF CarboxamideCarboxamideIn organic chemistry carboxamides are functional groups with the general structure R-CO-NH2 with R as an organic substituent.Two amino acids, asparagine and glutamine, have a carboxamide group in them....
derivatives
- N03AF01 CarbamazepineCarbamazepineCarbamazepine is an anticonvulsant and mood-stabilizing drug used primarily in the treatment of epilepsy and bipolar disorder, as well as trigeminal neuralgia...
- N03AF02 OxcarbazepineOxcarbazepineOxcarbazepine is a anticholinergic anticonvulsant and mood stabilizing drug, used primarily in the treatment of epilepsy. It is also used to treat anxiety and mood disorders, and benign motor tics...
- N03AF03 RufinamideRufinamideRufinamide is an anticonvulsant medication. It is used in combination with other medication and therapy to treat Lennox–Gastaut syndrome and various other seizure disorders...
- N03AF04 Eslicarbazepine
N03AG Fatty acidFatty acidIn chemistry, especially biochemistry, a fatty acid is a carboxylic acid with a long unbranched aliphatic tail , which is either saturated or unsaturated. Most naturally occurring fatty acids have a chain of an even number of carbon atoms, from 4 to 28. Fatty acids are usually derived from...
derivatives
- N03AG01 Valproic acidValproic acidValproic acid is a chemical compound that has found clinical use as an anticonvulsant and mood-stabilizing drug, primarily in the treatment of epilepsy, bipolar disorder, and, less commonly, major depression. It is also used to treat migraine headaches and schizophrenia...
- N03AG02 ValpromideValpromideValpromide is a carboxamide derivative of valproic acid used in the treatment of epilepsy and some affective disorders. It is rapidly metabolised to valproic acid but has anticonvulsant properties itself...
- N03AG03 Aminobutyric acidAminobutyric acidAminobutyric acid may refer to any of three isomeric chemical compounds:* α-Aminobutyric acid* β-Aminobutyric acid* γ-Aminobutyric acid...
- N03AG04 VigabatrinVigabatrinVigabatrin is an antiepileptic drug that inhibits the catabolism of gamma-aminobutyric acid by irreversibly inhibiting GABA transaminase. It is an analog of GABA, but it is not a receptor agonist...
- N03AG05 ProgabideProgabideProgabide is an analog and prodrug of gamma-aminobutyric acid used in the treatment of epilepsy...
- N03AG06 TiagabineTiagabineTiagabine -Indications:Tiagabine is approved by U.S. Food and Drug Administration as an adjunctive treatment for partial seizures in ages 12 and up. It may also be prescribed to treat anxiety disorders and neuropathic pain . For anxiety and neuropathic pain, tiagabine is used primarily to augment...
N03AX Other antiepileptics
- N03AX03 Sultiame
- N03AX07 PhenacemidePhenacemidePhenacemide is an anticonvulsant of the urea class....
- N03AX09 LamotrigineLamotrigineLamotrigine, marketed in the US and most of Europe as Lamictal by GlaxoSmithKline, is an anticonvulsant drug used in the treatment of epilepsy and bipolar disorder. It is also used as an adjunct in treating depression, though this is considered off-label usage...
- N03AX10 FelbamateFelbamateFelbamate is an anticonvulsant drug used in the treatment of epilepsy. It is used to treat partial seizures in adults and partial and generalized seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome in children...
- N03AX11 TopiramateTopiramateTopiramate is an anticonvulsant drug. It was originally produced by Ortho-McNeil Neurologics and Noramco, Inc., both divisions of the Johnson & Johnson Corporation. This medication was discovered in 1979 by Bruce E. Maryanoff and Joseph F. Gardocki during their research work at McNeil...
- N03AX12 GabapentinGabapentinGabapentin is a pharmaceutical drug, specifically a GABA analogue. It was originally developed for the treatment of epilepsy, and currently is also used to relieve neuropathic pain...
- N03AX13 PheneturidePheneturidePheneturide is an anticonvulsant medication....
- N03AX14 Levetiracetam
- N03AX15 ZonisamideZonisamideZonisamide is a sulfonamide anticonvulsant approved for use as an adjunctive therapy in adults with partial-onset seizures for adults; infantile spasm, mixed seizure types of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, myoclonic, and generalized tonic clonic seizure.-History:...
- N03AX16 PregabalinPregabalinPregabalin is an anticonvulsant drug used for neuropathic pain and as an adjunct therapy for partial seizures with or without secondary generalization in adults. It has also been found effective for generalized anxiety disorder and is approved for this use in the European Union. It was designed...
- N03AX17 StiripentolStiripentolStiripentol is an anticonvulsant drug used in the treatment of epilepsy. It is unrelated to other anticonvulsants and belongs to the group of aromatic allylic alcohols.-Mechanism of action:...
- N03AX18 LacosamideLacosamideLacosamide is a medication developed by UCB for the adjunctive treatment of partial-onset seizures and diabetic neuropathic pain marketed under the trade name Vimpat....
- N03AX19 CarisbamateCarisbamateCarisbamate is an experimental anticonvulsant drug under development by Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development. In 1998, the compound was in-licensed from SK Corp. , a South Korean company...
- N03AX21 RetigabineRetigabineRetigabine or ezogabine , codenamed D-23129, is an anticonvulsant used as a treatment for partial epilepsies. The drug was developed by Valeant Pharmaceuticals and GlaxoSmithKline...
- N03AX30 BeclamideBeclamideBeclamide is a propionateIt possesses anticonvulsant activity.-Side effects:...