1378    Cardinal Robert of Geneva, called by some the Butcher of Cesena, is elected as Avignon Pope Clement VII, beginning the Papal schism.

1515    Thomas Wolsey is invested as a Cardinal

1939    Cardinal Eugenio Pacelli is elected Pope and takes the name Pius XII.

1939    Cardinal Eugenio Pacelli becomes Pope Pius XII.

2005    Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger is elected Pope Benedict XVI on the second day of the Papal conclave.

2005    Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger is inaugurated as the 265th Pope of the Roman Catholic Church taking the name Pope Benedict XVI.