X60 Train
Encyclopedia
X60 is the designation of Greater Stockholm Transport
's (SL) new Coradia Lirex-model commuter trains, which as of 2006 are gradually replacing the older commuter trainsets.
service, called X1
, were delivered between 1967 and 1975. A batch of new cars, designated X10
, were delivered between 1983 and 1993. These two sets of cars made up the backbone of the fleet from 1967 until 2005. As time went on and passengers demanded more comfortable travel and more features, SL came to realize that it was time to replace the older stock completely.
In 2002, SL ordered 55 cars, with an option for 50 more, from the French
manufacturer Alstom
. The price for the first 55 cars is about SEK 4 billion.
Delivery of the X60 began in 2005, and the initial order of 55 cars is expected to be completed in the spring of 2007. The X60 cars are replacing the older stock as they are delivered. Service with the X60 was inaugurated 13 August 2005 at Stockholm Central Station
.
The trains are manufactured in Salzgitter
in Germany
.
Boarding and alighting from the new train is intended to be much easier than doing so on the older commuter train stock. At each door
, and in 92% of each car, the floor is at the same level as the station platforms. This means a significant quality improvement for all passengers but particularly for the mobility-impaired.
The train is built in accord with the nominal platform height specified in the Swedish Railway Administration
's standards. The Administration has begun a project to correct the heights of non-conforming platforms, but even before all the platforms have been fixed, passengers will notice a significant improvement in the form of a much lower floor height compared to the current stock, making boarding and alighting much easier than before.
In each car there are "flexible areas" that have room for wheelchair
s, baby carriages and bicycle
s.
Another new feature is that the trains are equipped with air conditioning
in both the passenger and cab areas. The seats have been designed in collaboration with leading ergonomists and representatives for SL passengers.
All cars have security cameras installed, just like the new Stockholm metro
cars; this can contribute to increased security. Naturally, other safety details have also been carefully worked out, not least fire safety, with the use of non-inflammable and self-extinguishing materials.
standards have shaped the choice of materials in the new commuter trains. 95% of a car can be recycled when they are ready to be scrapped.
When the trains brake, the 3-phase motors act as generators
and return electricity
to the system rather than converting power to heat, as on a friction brake system. The current that is produced is conducted back to the overhead lines
. If there is another train in the same electrical section, this train will use as much of the generated energy as it can.
The trains are designed and built for Swedish weather
conditions; This is done by utilizing the roof space for the traction /air supply and auxiliary power converters, rather than placing them underneath the unit. This means they suffer less from snow and ice accumulation, and it should be possible to operate them without service disruptions both in heavy snow and in hot summers (X1 and X10 had problems with the heavy snowfall and froze, disabling them seriously). The technical systems in the train are "doubled," i.e. redundancy is provided, using microprocessor
control systems, which greatly reduces the risk of service disruptions.
(Sweden), Skånetrafiken
, has placed an order on 49 new regional trains, first delivery was 2009. They are be based on X60, but shorter, about 75 m and they have four cars. They are called X61 and have an interior more suited for a little longer distances. They have more comfortable chairs, and have toilets, which the SL X60 does not have. Östgötatrafiken (the public transport organisation in Östergötland
) has placed an order for 5 trains of type X61, delivered in 2010. Norrtåg (train ownership company for the public transport organisations in Västerbotten
, Västernorrland and neighbour counties) has ordered eleven X61 trains for usage on the Botniabanan
, to be delivered 2011.
Storstockholms Lokaltrafik
Storstockholms Lokaltrafik AB, , commonly referred to as SL, is the organisation running all of the land based public transport systems in Stockholm County....
's (SL) new Coradia Lirex-model commuter trains, which as of 2006 are gradually replacing the older commuter trainsets.
Background
The original cars for the Stockholm commuter railStockholm commuter rail
Stockholm Commuter Rail is the commuter rail system in Stockholm County, Sweden. The system is an important part of the public transport in Stockholm, and is controlled by Stockholm Transport; the trains are operated under contract by Stockholmståg...
service, called X1
SL X1
X1 was a series of two-car electric multiple units operated by Greater Stockholm Transport on the Stockholm commuter rail. The X1 was operated in sets of up to five units, making ten-car trains, each unit consisting of one motor car and one unpowered car. 104 units were built by ASEA in 1967-75...
, were delivered between 1967 and 1975. A batch of new cars, designated X10
SL X10
X10 is a series of two-car electric multiple units operated by Greater Stockholm Transport on the Stockholm commuter rail. The X10 was operated in sets of up to five units, making ten-car trains, each unit consisting of one motor car and one unpowered car. They are completely compatible with the...
, were delivered between 1983 and 1993. These two sets of cars made up the backbone of the fleet from 1967 until 2005. As time went on and passengers demanded more comfortable travel and more features, SL came to realize that it was time to replace the older stock completely.
In 2002, SL ordered 55 cars, with an option for 50 more, from the French
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
manufacturer Alstom
Alstom
Alstom is a large multinational conglomerate which holds interests in the power generation and transport markets. According to the company website, in the years 2010-2011 Alstom had annual sales of over €20.9 billion, and employed more than 85,000 people in 70 countries. Alstom's headquarters are...
. The price for the first 55 cars is about SEK 4 billion.
Delivery of the X60 began in 2005, and the initial order of 55 cars is expected to be completed in the spring of 2007. The X60 cars are replacing the older stock as they are delivered. Service with the X60 was inaugurated 13 August 2005 at Stockholm Central Station
Stockholm Central Station
Stockholm Central Station is the largest railway station in Sweden. The station is situated in the district of Norrmalm at Vasagatan/Central Plan. Opened July 18, 1871, the station is the largest in Sweden, with over 200,000 visitors daily...
.
The trains are manufactured in Salzgitter
Salzgitter
Salzgitter is an independent city in southeast Lower Saxony, Germany, located between Hildesheim and Braunschweig. Together with Wolfsburg and Braunschweig, Salzgitter is one of the seven Oberzentren of Lower Saxony...
in Germany
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
.
Safety and comfort
Each car is 107 meters (351 feet) long and consists of six articulated portions. Each car can seat 374 and take 530 standees. Two such cars coupled together make up a full-length train. It is easy to go through the entire car to find an empty seat, or to move if one part of the car is crowded, and the design also provides visibility through the length of the car, which SL's passenger surveys found was important in order to help passengers feel safe. SL has also specified lower backrests in the X60 to improve visibility all the way through the car.Boarding and alighting from the new train is intended to be much easier than doing so on the older commuter train stock. At each door
Door
A door is a movable structure used to open and close off an entrance, typically consisting of a panel that swings on hinges or that slides or rotates inside of a space....
, and in 92% of each car, the floor is at the same level as the station platforms. This means a significant quality improvement for all passengers but particularly for the mobility-impaired.
The train is built in accord with the nominal platform height specified in the Swedish Railway Administration
Banverket
The Swedish Rail Administration was a government agency that owned and maintained virtually all railway lines in Sweden except many short sidings for freight only. It was formed in 1988 when Statens Järnvägar was split, leaving Statens Järnvägar as mainly a train operator and real estate owner,...
's standards. The Administration has begun a project to correct the heights of non-conforming platforms, but even before all the platforms have been fixed, passengers will notice a significant improvement in the form of a much lower floor height compared to the current stock, making boarding and alighting much easier than before.
In each car there are "flexible areas" that have room for wheelchair
Wheelchair
A wheelchair is a chair with wheels, designed to be a replacement for walking. The device comes in variations where it is propelled by motors or by the seated occupant turning the rear wheels by hand. Often there are handles behind the seat for someone else to do the pushing...
s, baby carriages and bicycle
Bicycle
A bicycle, also known as a bike, pushbike or cycle, is a human-powered, pedal-driven, single-track vehicle, having two wheels attached to a frame, one behind the other. A person who rides a bicycle is called a cyclist, or bicyclist....
s.
Another new feature is that the trains are equipped with air conditioning
Air conditioning
An air conditioner is a home appliance, system, or mechanism designed to dehumidify and extract heat from an area. The cooling is done using a simple refrigeration cycle...
in both the passenger and cab areas. The seats have been designed in collaboration with leading ergonomists and representatives for SL passengers.
All cars have security cameras installed, just like the new Stockholm metro
Stockholm Metro
The Stockholm Metro is a metro system in Stockholm, Sweden. The first line opened in 1950, and today the system has 100 stations in use, of which 47 are underground and 53 above ground. There are seven lines numbered from 10 to 19, in three groups identified by a color: the Green, Red and Blue lines...
cars; this can contribute to increased security. Naturally, other safety details have also been carefully worked out, not least fire safety, with the use of non-inflammable and self-extinguishing materials.
Higher environmental standards
High environmentalEnvironmental policy
Environmental policy is any [course of] action deliberately taken [or not taken] to manage human activities with a view to prevent, reduce, or mitigate harmful effects on nature and natural resources, and ensuring that man-made changes to the environment do not have harmful effects on...
standards have shaped the choice of materials in the new commuter trains. 95% of a car can be recycled when they are ready to be scrapped.
When the trains brake, the 3-phase motors act as generators
Electrical generator
In electricity generation, an electric generator is a device that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy. A generator forces electric charge to flow through an external electrical circuit. It is analogous to a water pump, which causes water to flow...
and return electricity
Electric current
Electric current is a flow of electric charge through a medium.This charge is typically carried by moving electrons in a conductor such as wire...
to the system rather than converting power to heat, as on a friction brake system. The current that is produced is conducted back to the overhead lines
Overhead lines
Overhead lines or overhead wires are used to transmit electrical energy to trams, trolleybuses or trains at a distance from the energy supply point...
. If there is another train in the same electrical section, this train will use as much of the generated energy as it can.
The trains are designed and built for Swedish weather
Weather
Weather is the state of the atmosphere, to the degree that it is hot or cold, wet or dry, calm or stormy, clear or cloudy. Most weather phenomena occur in the troposphere, just below the stratosphere. Weather refers, generally, to day-to-day temperature and precipitation activity, whereas climate...
conditions; This is done by utilizing the roof space for the traction /air supply and auxiliary power converters, rather than placing them underneath the unit. This means they suffer less from snow and ice accumulation, and it should be possible to operate them without service disruptions both in heavy snow and in hot summers (X1 and X10 had problems with the heavy snowfall and froze, disabling them seriously). The technical systems in the train are "doubled," i.e. redundancy is provided, using microprocessor
Microprocessor
A microprocessor incorporates the functions of a computer's central processing unit on a single integrated circuit, or at most a few integrated circuits. It is a multipurpose, programmable device that accepts digital data as input, processes it according to instructions stored in its memory, and...
control systems, which greatly reduces the risk of service disruptions.
X61
The public transport organisation in ScaniaScania
Scania is the southernmost of the 25 traditional non-administrative provinces of Sweden, constituting a peninsula on the southern tip of the Scandinavian peninsula, and some adjacent islands. The modern administrative subdivision Skåne County is almost, but not totally, congruent with the...
(Sweden), Skånetrafiken
Skånetrafiken
Skånetrafiken is the regional public transportation authority and operator in Skåne län, in the south of Sweden.Skånetrafiken was founded in 1999 when the two counties Kristianstads län and Malmöhus län were merged into one region. During this merger the two respective transport authorities were...
, has placed an order on 49 new regional trains, first delivery was 2009. They are be based on X60, but shorter, about 75 m and they have four cars. They are called X61 and have an interior more suited for a little longer distances. They have more comfortable chairs, and have toilets, which the SL X60 does not have. Östgötatrafiken (the public transport organisation in Östergötland
Östergötland
Östergötland, English exonym: East Gothland, is one of the traditional provinces of Sweden in the south of Sweden. It borders Småland, Västergötland, Närke, Södermanland, and the Baltic Sea. In older English literature, one might also encounter the Latinized version, Ostrogothia...
) has placed an order for 5 trains of type X61, delivered in 2010. Norrtåg (train ownership company for the public transport organisations in Västerbotten
Västerbotten
', English exonym: West Bothnia, is a province or landskap in the north of Sweden. It borders Ångermanland, Lapland, Norrbotten and the Gulf of Bothnia. It is famous for the cheese with the same name as the province.- Administration :...
, Västernorrland and neighbour counties) has ordered eleven X61 trains for usage on the Botniabanan
Botniabanan
The Bothnia Line is a high-speed railway line in northern Sweden. The long route, from Kramfors airport via Örnsköldsvik to Umeå, was opened in 2010 and will carry trains at speeds up to .-Introduction:...
, to be delivered 2011.