William of Marseille was a thirteenth century English academic, teaching in France. He is known for the medical-astrological treatise De urina non visa. The method is to apply a horoscope

Horoscope

In astrology, a horoscope is a chart or diagram representing the positions of the Sun, Moon, planets, the astrological aspects, and sensitive angles at the time of an event, such as the moment of a person's birth. The word horoscope is derived from Greek words meaning "a look at the hours" In...

 to deduce properties of the urine

Urine

Urine is a typically sterile liquid by-product of the body that is secreted by the kidneys through a process called urination and excreted through the urethra. Cellular metabolism generates numerous by-products, many rich in nitrogen, that require elimination from the bloodstream...

 of a patient, when that cannor be obtained; and then to proceed to diagnosis. This book was still used at the University of Bologna

University of Bologna

The Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna is the oldest continually operating university in the world, the word 'universitas' being first used by this institution at its foundation. The true date of its founding is uncertain, but believed by most accounts to have been 1088...

in 1405. http://www.bo.astro.it/dip/Museum/english/sto1_06.html.

Works

From this PDF

• Astrologia
• De urina non visa (1219)
• Tabula de stellis fixis
• Tractatus de meteoris (c.1230)