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Volumetric heat capacity

 

 
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Volumetric heat capacity
 
 
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Volumetric heat capacity (VHC) describes the ability of a given volume
Volume

The volume of any solid, liquid, plasma, vacuum or theoretical object is how much three-dimensional space it occupies, often quantified numerically....
 of a substance to store internal energy
Internal energy

In thermodynamics, the internal energy of a thermodynamic system, or a physical body with well-defined dimension, denoted by U, or sometimes E, is the total of the kinetic energy due to the motion of molecules and the potential energy associated with the vibrational and electricity energy of atoms within molecules or crysta...
 while undergoing a given temperature
Temperature

In physics, temperature is a physical property of a Physical system that underlies the common notions of hot and cold; something that feels hotter generally has the greater temperature....
 change, but without undergoing a phase change. It is different from specific heat capacity
Specific heat capacity

Specific heat capacity, also known simply as specific heat, is the measure of the energy required to increase the temperature of a of a substance by a certain Celsius#Temperatures_and_intervals....
 in that the VHC depends on the volume of the material, while the specific heat is based on the mass
Mass

In physical science, mass refers to the degree of acceleration a body acquires when subject to a force: bodies with greater mass are accelerated less by the same force....
 of the material. If given a specific heat value of a substance, one can convert it to the VHC by multiply
Multiplication

Multiplication is the Operation of scaling one number by another. It is one of the four basic operations in elementary arithmetic .Multiplication is defined for Natural number in terms of repeated addition; for example, 4 multiplied by 3 can be calculated by adding 3 copies of 4 together:...
ing the specific heat by the density
Density

The density of a material is defined as its mass per unit volume. The symbol of density is ....
 of the substance.

Dulong
Pierre Louis Dulong

Pierre Louis Dulong was a France physicist and chemist, remembered today largely for the law of Dulong and Petit....
 and Petit
Alexis Thérèse Petit

Alexis Th?r?se Petit was a France physicist. Petit is known for is work on the efficiencies of air- and steam-engines, published in 1818. His well-known discussions with the French physicist Nicolas L?onard Sadi Carnot, founder of thermodynamics, may have stimulated Carnot in the development theories of thermodynamic efficiency in heat eng...
 predicted in 1818 that ?cp would be constant for all solids (the Dulong-Petit law
Dulong-Petit law

The Dulong-Petit law, a scientific law proposed in 1819 by France physicists and chemists Pierre Louis Dulong and Alexis Th?r?se Petit, states the classical expression for the specific heat capacity of a crystal due to its phonons....
).






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Volumetric heat capacity (VHC) describes the ability of a given volume
Volume

The volume of any solid, liquid, plasma, vacuum or theoretical object is how much three-dimensional space it occupies, often quantified numerically....
 of a substance to store internal energy
Internal energy

In thermodynamics, the internal energy of a thermodynamic system, or a physical body with well-defined dimension, denoted by U, or sometimes E, is the total of the kinetic energy due to the motion of molecules and the potential energy associated with the vibrational and electricity energy of atoms within molecules or crysta...
 while undergoing a given temperature
Temperature

In physics, temperature is a physical property of a Physical system that underlies the common notions of hot and cold; something that feels hotter generally has the greater temperature....
 change, but without undergoing a phase change. It is different from specific heat capacity
Specific heat capacity

Specific heat capacity, also known simply as specific heat, is the measure of the energy required to increase the temperature of a of a substance by a certain Celsius#Temperatures_and_intervals....
 in that the VHC depends on the volume of the material, while the specific heat is based on the mass
Mass

In physical science, mass refers to the degree of acceleration a body acquires when subject to a force: bodies with greater mass are accelerated less by the same force....
 of the material. If given a specific heat value of a substance, one can convert it to the VHC by multiply
Multiplication

Multiplication is the Operation of scaling one number by another. It is one of the four basic operations in elementary arithmetic .Multiplication is defined for Natural number in terms of repeated addition; for example, 4 multiplied by 3 can be calculated by adding 3 copies of 4 together:...
ing the specific heat by the density
Density

The density of a material is defined as its mass per unit volume. The symbol of density is ....
 of the substance.

Dulong
Pierre Louis Dulong

Pierre Louis Dulong was a France physicist and chemist, remembered today largely for the law of Dulong and Petit....
 and Petit
Alexis Thérèse Petit

Alexis Th?r?se Petit was a France physicist. Petit is known for is work on the efficiencies of air- and steam-engines, published in 1818. His well-known discussions with the French physicist Nicolas L?onard Sadi Carnot, founder of thermodynamics, may have stimulated Carnot in the development theories of thermodynamic efficiency in heat eng...
 predicted in 1818 that ?cp would be constant for all solids (the Dulong-Petit law
Dulong-Petit law

The Dulong-Petit law, a scientific law proposed in 1819 by France physicists and chemists Pierre Louis Dulong and Alexis Th?r?se Petit, states the classical expression for the specific heat capacity of a crystal due to its phonons....
). In fact, the quantity varies from about 1.2 to 4.5 MJ/m³K. For liquids it is in the range 1.3 to 1.9, and for gases it is a constant 1.0 kJ/m³K.

The volumetric heat capacity is defined as having SI
Si

Si, si, or SI may refer to :...
 units of J
Joule

The joule is the SI derived unit of energy in the International System of Units. It is defined as:One joule is the amount of energy required to perform the following actions:...
/(m³
Cubic metre

The cubic metre is the SI derived unit of volume. It is the volume of a cube with edges one metre in length. An alternative name, which allowed a different usage with SI prefix, was the st?re....
·K
Kelvin

The kelvin is a Units of measurement of temperature and is one of the seven SI base units. The Kelvin scale is a Thermodynamic temperature scale where absolute zero, the theoretical absence of all thermal energy, is zero ....
). It can also be described in Imperial units of BTU
British thermal unit

The British thermal unit is a unit of energy used in the power, steam generation, heating and air conditioning industries. In scientific contexts the BTU has largely been replaced by the SI unit of energy, the joule , though it may be used as a measure of agricultural energy production ....
/(ft³
Cubic foot

The cubic foot is an Imperial unit and United States customary units unit of volume, used in the United States, Canada and the United Kingdom. It is defined as the volume of a cube with sides of one foot in length.|-...
·F°
Fahrenheit

Fahrenheit is a temperature scale named after the physicist Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit , who proposed it in 1724. Today, the scale has largely been replaced by the Celsius scale; it is still in use for non-scientific purposes in the United States and a few other countries such as Belize....
).

Thermal inertia

Thermal inertia is a term commonly used by scientist
Scientist

A scientist, in the broadest sense, refers to any person that engages in a system activity to acquire knowledge or an individual that engages in such practices and traditions that are linked to schools of thought or philosophy....
s and engineers modelling heat transfer
Heat transfer

Heat transfer is the transition of thermal energy or simply heat from a hotter object to a cooler object . When an object or fluid is at a different temperature than its thermodynamic system or another object, transfer of thermal energy, also known as heat transfer, or heat exchange, occurs in such a way that the body and the surround...
s and is a bulk material property related to thermal conductivity
Thermal conductivity

In physics, thermal conductivity, , is the List of materials properties of a material that indicates its ability to conduct heat. It appears primarily in Heat conduction#Fourier's law for heat conduction....
 and volumetric heat capacity. For example, this material has a high thermal inertia, or thermal inertia plays an important role in this system, which means that dynamic effects are prevalent in a model
Model (abstract)

In mathematical logic, the formal languages, formal systems, and theory which are studied have no meaningful content until they are given an interpretation within some other system....
, so that a steady-state calculation will yield inaccurate results.

The term is a scientific analogy, and is not directly related to the mass-and-velocity term used in mechanics
Mechanics

Mechanics is the branch of physics concerned with the behaviour of physical body when subjected to forces or Displacement , and the subsequent effect of the bodies on their environment....
, where inertia
Inertia

File:192447main 017 law of inertia.oggInertia is the resistance of an object to a change in its state of motion. The principle of inertia is one of the fundamental principles of classical physics which are used to describe the Motion of matter and how it is affected by applied forces....
 is that which limits the acceleration
Acceleration

File:Acceleration.JPGFile:Acceleration components.JPGIn physics, and more specifically kinematics, acceleration is the change in velocity over time....
 of an object. In a similar way, thermal inertia is a measure of the thermal mass and the velocity of the thermal wave which controls the surface temperature of a material. In heat transfer
Heat transfer

Heat transfer is the transition of thermal energy or simply heat from a hotter object to a cooler object . When an object or fluid is at a different temperature than its thermodynamic system or another object, transfer of thermal energy, also known as heat transfer, or heat exchange, occurs in such a way that the body and the surround...
, a higher value of the volumetric heat capacity means a longer time for the system to reach equilibrium
Thermodynamic equilibrium

In thermodynamics, a thermodynamics#Thermodynamic system is said to be in thermodynamic equilibrium when it is in thermal equilibrium, mechanical equilibrium, and chemical equilibrium....
.

The thermal inertia of a material is defined as the square root of the product of the material's bulk thermal conductivity
Thermal conductivity

In physics, thermal conductivity, , is the List of materials properties of a material that indicates its ability to conduct heat. It appears primarily in Heat conduction#Fourier's law for heat conduction....
 and volumetric heat capacity
Volumetric heat capacity

Volumetric heat capacity describes the ability of a given volume of a substance to store internal energy while undergoing a given temperature change, but without undergoing a phase change....
, where the latter is the product of density
Density

The density of a material is defined as its mass per unit volume. The symbol of density is ....
 and specific heat capacity
Specific heat capacity

Specific heat capacity, also known simply as specific heat, is the measure of the energy required to increase the temperature of a of a substance by a certain Celsius#Temperatures_and_intervals....
: See also Thermal effusivity
Thermal effusivity

In Thermodynamics, the thermal effusivity of a material is defined as the square root of the product of the material's thermal conductivity and its volumetric heat capacity....


SI
Si

Si, si, or SI may refer to :...
 units of thermal inertia are J m K s or, equivalently, tiu.

For planetary surface materials, thermal inertia is the key property controlling the diurnal and seasonal surface temperature variations and is typically dependent on the physical properties of near-surface geologic materials. In remote sensing
Remote sensing

Remote sensing is the small or large-scale acquisition of information of an object or phenomenon, by the use of either recording or real-time sensing device that is not in physical or intimate contact with the object ....
 applications, thermal inertia represents a complex combination of particle size, rock abundance, bedrock outcropping and the degree of induration. A rough approximation to thermal inertia is sometimes obtained from the amplitude of the diurnal temperature curve (i.e., maximum minus minimum surface temperature). The temperature of a material with low thermal inertia changes significantly during the day, while the temperature of a material with high thermal inertia does not change as drastically. Deriving and understanding the thermal inertia of the surface can help to recognize small-scale features of that surface. In conjunction with other data, thermal inertia can help to characterize surface materials and the geologic processes responsible for forming these materials.

Constant volume and constant pressure.


For gases it is useful to distinguish between volumetric heat capacity at constant volume and at constant pressure
Pressure

Pressure is the force per unit area applied to an object in a direction surface normal to the surface. Gauge pressure is the pressure relative to the local atmospheric or ambient pressure....
. This distinction has the same meaning as for specific heat capacity
Specific heat capacity

Specific heat capacity, also known simply as specific heat, is the measure of the energy required to increase the temperature of a of a substance by a certain Celsius#Temperatures_and_intervals....
.

See also

  • Thermal effusivity
    Thermal effusivity

    In Thermodynamics, the thermal effusivity of a material is defined as the square root of the product of the material's thermal conductivity and its volumetric heat capacity....
  • temperature
    Temperature

    In physics, temperature is a physical property of a Physical system that underlies the common notions of hot and cold; something that feels hotter generally has the greater temperature....
  • heat capacity
  • specific heat capacity
    Specific heat capacity

    Specific heat capacity, also known simply as specific heat, is the measure of the energy required to increase the temperature of a of a substance by a certain Celsius#Temperatures_and_intervals....
  • Thermodynamic equations
    Thermodynamic equations

    In thermodynamics, there are a large number of equations relating the variousthermodynamic quantities. In chemical thermodynamics, which is a sub-branch of thermodynamics, for example, there are millions of useful equations....