Vivadi
Encyclopedia
In Hindustani classical music
, vivadi ( meaning "non-sounding") refers to pitches that are not part of the arohana
or avrohana of a given raga
. In general, vivadi are not to be played during an improvisation on a given raga. So, for instance, if a raga had the structure S R G m P D N S'
, S' N D P m G R S; in that case, r, g, M, d and n would all be vivadi. Although vivadi pitches are generally to be avoided during the playing of a given raga, they are occasionally added by skilled performers in order to introduce some color to an interpretation.
, vivadi is used in vivadi swara
m, vivadi dhosha, vivadi raga
m, and by extension vivadi melakarta
. Vivadi term means going against the grain of thought or approach.
It is different from Apaswaram, which is incorrect swaram or incorrect rendition / pitch/ frequency deviating from the swaram itself.
swaram of the ragam (vadi swaram means important swaram for that ragam or scale).
The ragam still is a valid scale and compositions are made using such ragams too. Examples of popular Vivaadhi ragas are : Nata, Varali, Vagadheeswari
.
Hindustani classical music
Hindustani classical music is the Hindustani or North Indian style of Indian classical music found throughout the northern Indian subcontinent. The style is sometimes called North Indian Classical Music or Shāstriya Sangeet...
, vivadi ( meaning "non-sounding") refers to pitches that are not part of the arohana
Arohana
Arohana, Arohanam or Arohan, in the context of North Indian Classical Music and South Indian Classical Music, is the ascending scale of notes in a raga...
or avrohana of a given raga
Raga
A raga is one of the melodic modes used in Indian classical music.It is a series of five or more musical notes upon which a melody is made...
. In general, vivadi are not to be played during an improvisation on a given raga. So, for instance, if a raga had the structure S R G m P D N S'
Swara
The seven notes of the scale , in Indian music are named shadja, rishabh, gandhar, madhyam, pancham, dhaivat and nishad, and are shortened to Sa, Ri or Re , Ga, Ma, Pa, Dha, and Ni and written S, R, G, M, P, D, N. Collectively these notes are known as the sargam...
, S' N D P m G R S; in that case, r, g, M, d and n would all be vivadi. Although vivadi pitches are generally to be avoided during the playing of a given raga, they are occasionally added by skilled performers in order to introduce some color to an interpretation.
In Carnatic music
In Carnatic musicCarnatic music
Carnatic music is a system of music commonly associated with the southern part of the Indian subcontinent, with its area roughly confined to four modern states of India: Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu...
, vivadi is used in vivadi swara
Swara
The seven notes of the scale , in Indian music are named shadja, rishabh, gandhar, madhyam, pancham, dhaivat and nishad, and are shortened to Sa, Ri or Re , Ga, Ma, Pa, Dha, and Ni and written S, R, G, M, P, D, N. Collectively these notes are known as the sargam...
m, vivadi dhosha, vivadi raga
Raga
A raga is one of the melodic modes used in Indian classical music.It is a series of five or more musical notes upon which a melody is made...
m, and by extension vivadi melakarta
Melakarta
Melakarta is a collection of fundamental ragas in Carnatic music . Melakarta ragas are parent ragas from which other ragas may be generated. A melakarta raga is sometimes referred as mela, karta or sampurna as well.In Hindustani music the thaat is equivalent of Melakarta...
. Vivadi term means going against the grain of thought or approach.
Vivadi swaram
A swaram is said to be vivadi in relationship with another swaram, if there is a discordant effect produced by the swaram in relation to the other.It is different from Apaswaram, which is incorrect swaram or incorrect rendition / pitch/ frequency deviating from the swaram itself.
Vivadi ragam
A ragam is vivadi if it contains vivadi swarams, especially with the vadiVadi
Vadi may refer to:* Vadi , musical note of special significance in Indian classical music* "Vadi" or Wadi, an Arabic term for valley or a dry riverbed* Fillipo Vado, author of De Arte Gladiatoria Dimicandi, an Italian treatise on fighting...
swaram of the ragam (vadi swaram means important swaram for that ragam or scale).
The ragam still is a valid scale and compositions are made using such ragams too. Examples of popular Vivaadhi ragas are : Nata, Varali, Vagadheeswari
Vagadheeswari
Vagadheeswari is a rāgam in Carnatic music . It is the 34th melakarta rāgam in the 72 melakarta rāgam system of Carnatic music. It is called Bhogachhāyānāţa in Muthuswami Dikshitar school of Carnatic music.Raganidhi by P. Subba Rao, Pub...
.
Vivadi melakarta
A Melakarta ragam is vivadi if it contains vivadi swarams. 40 of the 72 Melakarta ragams have vivadi swaras.Raganidhi by P. Subba Rao, Pub. 1964, The Music Academy of MadrasVivadi dhosha
Dhosha means negative effect. Vivadi ragams are said to have vivadi dhosha, which can be overcome by singing the vivadi swarams in certain phrases that are said to reduce the negative effect.External links
Articles that discusses vivadi ragas and a review of concerts that mentions some of vivadi ragams- A peep into Vivadi ragas
- A review of Chennai music concerts mentioning various Vivadi ragams - from The Hindu online (newspaper)