Urostomy
Encyclopedia
A urostomy is a stoma for the urinary system. A urostomy is made to avail for urinary diversion
in cases where drainage of urine through the bladder and urethra is not possible, e.g. after extensive surgery or in case of obstruction.
A "continent urostomy" is an artificial bladder formed out of a segment of small bowel. This is fashioned into a pouch, which can be emptied intermittently with a catheter. It avoids the need for a stoma bag on the urostomy.
, such as may be necessary in, for example, bladder cancer
. Other indications include: Severe Kidney Disease; Accidental Damage or Injury to the urinary tract; Surgical Complications because of non-related pelvic or abdominal surgery; Congential defects that cause urine to back up into the kidneys; Continual and Severe Leakage from the bladder - incontinence.
Urinary diversion
Urinary diversion is any one of several surgical procedures to reroute urine flow from its normal pathway. It may be necessary for diseased or defective ureters, bladder or urethra, either temporarily or permanently...
in cases where drainage of urine through the bladder and urethra is not possible, e.g. after extensive surgery or in case of obstruction.
Techniques
Techniques include:- Ileal conduit urinary diversionIleal conduit urinary diversionAn ileal conduit urinary diversion is a surgical technique usually referred to as the Bricker ileal conduit after its inventor, Eugene M. Bricker...
, in which the ureterUreterIn human anatomy, the ureters are muscular tubes that propel urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder. In the adult, the ureters are usually long and ~3-4 mm in diameter....
s are surgically resected from the bladder and a ureteroenteric anastomosis is made in order to drain the urine into a detached section of ileumIleumThe ileum is the final section of the small intestine in most higher vertebrates, including mammals, reptiles, and birds. In fish, the divisions of the small intestine are not as clear and the terms posterior intestine or distal intestine may be used instead of ileum.The ileum follows the duodenum...
(a part of the small intestineSmall intestineThe small intestine is the part of the gastrointestinal tract following the stomach and followed by the large intestine, and is where much of the digestion and absorption of food takes place. In invertebrates such as worms, the terms "gastrointestinal tract" and "large intestine" are often used to...
). The end of the ileum is then brought out through an opening (a stomaStoma (medicine)A stoma is an opening , either natural or surgically created, which connects a portion of the body cavity to the outside environment...
) in the abdominal wall. The urine is collected through a bag that attaches on the outside of the body over the stoma. - Indiana pouchIndiana pouchAn Indiana pouch is a surgically-created urinary diversion used to create a way for the body to store and eliminate urine for patients who have had their urinary bladders removed as a result of bladder cancer, pelvic exenteration, bladder exstrophy or who are not continent due to a congenital,...
A "continent urostomy" is an artificial bladder formed out of a segment of small bowel. This is fashioned into a pouch, which can be emptied intermittently with a catheter. It avoids the need for a stoma bag on the urostomy.
Indications
Urostomy is most commonly performed after cystectomyCystectomy
Cystectomy is a medical term for surgical removal of all or part of the urinary bladder. It may also be rarely used to refer to the removal of a cyst, or the gallbladder. The most common condition warranting removal of the urinary bladder is bladder cancer. After the bladder has been removed, an...
, such as may be necessary in, for example, bladder cancer
Bladder cancer
Bladder cancer is any of several types of malignant growths of the urinary bladder. It is a disease in which abnormal cells multiply without control in the bladder. The bladder is a hollow, muscular organ that stores urine; it is located in the pelvis...
. Other indications include: Severe Kidney Disease; Accidental Damage or Injury to the urinary tract; Surgical Complications because of non-related pelvic or abdominal surgery; Congential defects that cause urine to back up into the kidneys; Continual and Severe Leakage from the bladder - incontinence.