Ulmus 'Arno'
Encyclopedia
Ulmus 'Arno' is a cultivar
derived from a crossing of the Dutch
hybrid cultivar 'Plantyn' with the Siberian Elm
Ulmus pumila clone S.2. It was raised by the Istituto per la Protezione delle Piante
(IPP) in Florence
, patented, and released to commerce in 2007.
. The trunk is straight, and usually branches at a height of 3 m; the bark is grey-green, with grey-orange fissures. The alternate deciduous leaves are of moderate size, < 9 cm long by < 5 cm wide, ovate
to lanceolate
, featuring yellowish - green undulate margins; they remain green throughout autumn and are usually shed relatively late. The perfect, apetalous wind-pollinated flowers appear in late February; the tree begins flowering at the age of five years in Italy. The sessile
samara
e are ovate, 14 mm × 17 mm.
, comparable with ''Lobel' and Plantyn'. 'Arno' is also resistant to Elm Yellows
; susceptibility to the elm leaf beetle Xanthogaleruca luteola
is much the same as that of the Field Elm Ulmus minor . In trials in England, leaves were afflicted by the fungus Rhytisma ulmi
.
, even where grown on poor clay soils .
The clone was introduced to the UK by Butterfly Conservation
in 2007, but is not known elsewhere beyond Italy in Europe
, and has not been introduced to North America
or Australasia
. Commercial production of 'Arno' in Italy had ceased by 2010.
Cultivar
A cultivar'Cultivar has two meanings as explained under Formal definition. When used in reference to a taxon, the word does not apply to an individual plant but to all those plants sharing the unique characteristics that define the cultivar. is a plant or group of plants selected for desirable...
derived from a crossing of the Dutch
Netherlands
The Netherlands is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located mainly in North-West Europe and with several islands in the Caribbean. Mainland Netherlands borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east, and shares maritime borders...
hybrid cultivar 'Plantyn' with the Siberian Elm
Siberian Elm
Ulmus pumila, the Siberian Elm, is native to Central Asia, eastern Siberia, Mongolia, Xizang , northern China, India and Korea . It is also known as the Asiatic Elm, Dwarf Elm and Chinese Elm. Two varieties are recognized: var pumila and var. arborea, the latter known as Turkestan elm...
Ulmus pumila clone S.2. It was raised by the Istituto per la Protezione delle Piante
Istituto per la Protezione delle Piante
The Istituto per la Protezione delle Piante , or 'Institute of Plant Protection', is part of the Food Department of the Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche , an Italian government organization with the aim of supporting scientific and technological research...
(IPP) in Florence
Florence
Florence is the capital city of the Italian region of Tuscany and of the province of Florence. It is the most populous city in Tuscany, with approximately 370,000 inhabitants, expanding to over 1.5 million in the metropolitan area....
, patented, and released to commerce in 2007.
Description
'Arno' is of erect habit with upward main branches forming an oval to round crown. The tree is remarkably fast-growing, though not as quick as its contemporary 'Fiorente'Ulmus 'Fiorente'
Ulmus Fiorente is a hybrid cultivar derived from a crossing of the Siberian Elm Ulmus pumila clone S.10 with Ulmus minor C.02 by the Istituto per la Protezione delle Piante , part of the Italian National Research Council, in Florence...
. The trunk is straight, and usually branches at a height of 3 m; the bark is grey-green, with grey-orange fissures. The alternate deciduous leaves are of moderate size, < 9 cm long by < 5 cm wide, ovate
Leaf shape
In botany, leaf shape is characterised with the following terms :* Acicular : Slender and pointed, needle-like* Acuminate : Tapering to a long point...
to lanceolate
Leaf shape
In botany, leaf shape is characterised with the following terms :* Acicular : Slender and pointed, needle-like* Acuminate : Tapering to a long point...
, featuring yellowish - green undulate margins; they remain green throughout autumn and are usually shed relatively late. The perfect, apetalous wind-pollinated flowers appear in late February; the tree begins flowering at the age of five years in Italy. The sessile
Sessility (botany)
In botany, sessility is a characteristic of plants whose flowers or leaves are borne directly from the stem or peduncle, and thus lack a petiole or pedicel...
samara
Samara (fruit)
A samara is a type of fruit in which a flattened wing of fibrous, papery tissue develops from the ovary wall. A samara is a simple dry fruit and indehiscent . It is a winged achene...
e are ovate, 14 mm × 17 mm.
Pests and diseases
Tested by inoculation, 'Arno' revealed a good resistance (4 out of 5) to Dutch Elm DiseaseDutch elm disease
Dutch elm disease is a disease caused by a member of the sac fungi category, affecting elm trees which is spread by the elm bark beetle. Although believed to be originally native to Asia, the disease has been accidentally introduced into America and Europe, where it has devastated native...
, comparable with ''Lobel' and Plantyn'. 'Arno' is also resistant to Elm Yellows
Elm Yellows
Elm Yellows is a plant disease of elm trees that is spread by leafhoppers or by root grafts. Elm Yellows, also known as Elm Phloem Necrosis, is very aggressive, with no known cure. Elm Yellows occurs in the Eastern United States and southern Ontario in Canada. It is caused by phytoplasmas which...
; susceptibility to the elm leaf beetle Xanthogaleruca luteola
Xanthogaleruca luteola
Xanthogaleruca luteola, commonly known as the Elm Leaf Beetle, is a serious pest of the elm. Indigenous to Europe, it was accidentally introduced to North America. Both the imagines and larvae feed on the emergent leaves of the elm...
is much the same as that of the Field Elm Ulmus minor . In trials in England, leaves were afflicted by the fungus Rhytisma ulmi
Rhytisma ulmi
Rhytisma ulmi is a species of fungus commonly found on elms in North America...
.
Cultivation
'Arno' has reputedly performed extremely well in trials in northern ItalyItaly
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
, even where grown on poor clay soils .
The clone was introduced to the UK by Butterfly Conservation
Butterfly Conservation
Butterfly Conservation is an insect conservation organisation in the United Kingdom. It is one of the largest insect conservation organisations in the world.-History of the Organisation:...
in 2007, but is not known elsewhere beyond Italy in Europe
Europe
Europe is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally 'divided' from Asia to its east by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways connecting...
, and has not been introduced to North America
North America
North America is a continent wholly within the Northern Hemisphere and almost wholly within the Western Hemisphere. It is also considered a northern subcontinent of the Americas...
or Australasia
Australasia
Australasia is a region of Oceania comprising Australia, New Zealand, the island of New Guinea, and neighbouring islands in the Pacific Ocean. The term was coined by Charles de Brosses in Histoire des navigations aux terres australes...
. Commercial production of 'Arno' in Italy had ceased by 2010.
Europe
- Grange Farm ArboretumGrange Farm ArboretumThe Grange Farm Arboretum is a small private arboretum comprising 3 hectares accommodating over 800 trees, mostly native and ornamental species or cultivars, notably oaks, ashes, walnuts and elms, growing on a calcareous loam....
, Sutton St JamesSutton St JamesSutton St James is a village and civil parish in the South Holland district of Lincolnshire, England, about south west of Long Sutton.Lying in the Lincolnshire Fens, Sutton St James did not exist at the time of Domesday Book of 1086...
, SpaldingSpalding, LincolnshireSpalding is a market town with a population of 30,000 on the River Welland in the South Holland district of Lincolnshire, England. Little London is a hamlet directly south of Spalding on the B1172 road....
, Lincs.LincolnshireLincolnshire is a county in the east of England. It borders Norfolk to the south east, Cambridgeshire to the south, Rutland to the south west, Leicestershire and Nottinghamshire to the west, South Yorkshire to the north west, and the East Riding of Yorkshire to the north. It also borders...
, UK. Acc. no. 816. - Great Fontley Farm, FarehamFarehamThe market town of Fareham lies in the south east of Hampshire, England, between the cities of Southampton and Portsmouth, roughly in the centre of the South Hampshire conurbation.It gives its name to the borough comprising the town and the surrounding area...
, UK, Butterfly ConservationButterfly ConservationButterfly Conservation is an insect conservation organisation in the United Kingdom. It is one of the largest insect conservation organisations in the world.-History of the Organisation:...
Elm Trials plantation, Home Field K5, planted 2007. - Royal Botanic Garden EdinburghRoyal Botanic Garden EdinburghThe Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh is a scientific centre for the study of plants, their diversity and conservation, as well as a popular tourist attraction. Originally founded in 1670 as a physic garden to grow medicinal plants, today it occupies four sites across Scotland — Edinburgh,...
. Acc. no. 20070205