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Trypanosoma
 
 
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Trypanosoma are of the class kinetoplastida, a monophyletic group of unicellular parasitic protozoa
Protozoa

Protozoan are microorganisms classified as unicellular eukaryotes. While there is no exact definition of the term "protozoan", most scientists use the word to refer to a unicellular heterotrophic protist, such as an amoeba or a ciliate....
. The name is derived from the Greek
Greek language

Greek is an Indo-European languages native to the southern Balkan peninsula, the language of the Greek people. It forms an independent branch within Indo-European....
 trypano (borer) and soma (body) because of their corkscrew-like motion. Trypanosomes infect a variety of hosts and cause various disease, including the fatal disease sleeping sickness
Sleeping sickness

Sleeping sickness or human African trypanosomiasis is a parasitic disease of people and animals, caused by protozoa of species Trypanosoma brucei and transmitted by the tsetse fly....
 in humans.

Characteristic of this order is the mitochondrial genome, known as the kinetoplast
Kinetoplast

A Kinetoplast is a disk-shaped mass of circular DNAs inside a large mitochondrion that contains many copies of the mitochondrial genome. Kinetoplasts are only found in protozoa of the class kinetoplastea....
.






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Trypanosoma are of the class kinetoplastida, a monophyletic group of unicellular parasitic protozoa
Protozoa

Protozoan are microorganisms classified as unicellular eukaryotes. While there is no exact definition of the term "protozoan", most scientists use the word to refer to a unicellular heterotrophic protist, such as an amoeba or a ciliate....
. The name is derived from the Greek
Greek language

Greek is an Indo-European languages native to the southern Balkan peninsula, the language of the Greek people. It forms an independent branch within Indo-European....
 trypano (borer) and soma (body) because of their corkscrew-like motion. Trypanosomes infect a variety of hosts and cause various disease, including the fatal disease sleeping sickness
Sleeping sickness

Sleeping sickness or human African trypanosomiasis is a parasitic disease of people and animals, caused by protozoa of species Trypanosoma brucei and transmitted by the tsetse fly....
 in humans.

Characteristic of this order is the mitochondrial genome, known as the kinetoplast
Kinetoplast

A Kinetoplast is a disk-shaped mass of circular DNAs inside a large mitochondrion that contains many copies of the mitochondrial genome. Kinetoplasts are only found in protozoa of the class kinetoplastea....
. It is made up of a highly complex series of catenatated circles and minicircles and require a cohort of proteins for organisation during cell division.

. In addition, two life cycle forms of Trypanosoma brucei
Trypanosoma brucei

'Trypanosoma BRYAN LI' is a parasitic protist species that causes African trypanosomiasis in humans and nagana in animals in Africa. There are 3 sub-species of T....
 are easy to culture and are genetically pliable.

Selected species


Species of Trypanosoma include the following:
  • T. ambystomae in amphibian
    Amphibian

    Amphibians , such as frogs, toads, salamanders, newts and caecilians, are cold-blooded animals that metamorphose from a juvenile, water-breathing form to an adult, air-breathing form....
    s
  • T. avium, which causes trypanosomiasis
    Trypanosomiasis

    Trypanosomiasis or trypanosomosis is the name of several diseases in vertebrates caused by parasite protozoan trypanosomes of the genus Trypanosoma....
     in birds
  • T. boissoni, in elasmobranch
  • T. brucei
    Trypanosoma brucei

    'Trypanosoma BRYAN LI' is a parasitic protist species that causes African trypanosomiasis in humans and nagana in animals in Africa. There are 3 sub-species of T....
    , which causes sleeping sickness
    Sleeping sickness

    Sleeping sickness or human African trypanosomiasis is a parasitic disease of people and animals, caused by protozoa of species Trypanosoma brucei and transmitted by the tsetse fly....
     in humans and nagana
    Nagana

    Nagana, also called nagana pest or Animal African Trypanosomiasis, is a disease of vertebrate animals. The disease is caused by trypanosoma of several species in the genus Trypanosoma....
     in cattle
  • T. cruzi
    Trypanosoma cruzi

    Trypanosoma cruzi is a species of parasite euglenoid trypanosomes. The species causes the trypanosomiasis diseases in humans and animals in United States....
    , which causes Chagas disease
    Chagas disease

    'Chagas disease' is a tropical disease parasitic disease caused by the flagellate protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. T. cruzi is commonly transmitted to humans and other mammals by an insect Vector , the hematophagy assassin bugs of the subfamily Triatominae most commonly species belonging to the Triatoma, Rhodnius, and Panstrongy...
     in humans
  • T. congolense, which causes nagana
    Nagana

    Nagana, also called nagana pest or Animal African Trypanosomiasis, is a disease of vertebrate animals. The disease is caused by trypanosoma of several species in the genus Trypanosoma....
     in cattle, horses, and camels
  • T. equinum, in South American horses, transmitted via Tabanidae,
  • T. equiperdum
    Trypanosoma equiperdum

    Trypanosoma equiperdum is a Protozoa that causes Dourine, or covering sickness, in horses and other animals in the family equidae. Unlike other species of Trypanosoma, this parasite can be sexually transmitted, and does not require a vector....
    , which causes dourine or Covering sickness
    Covering sickness

    Covering sickness, or dourine , is a disease of horses and other members of the family equidae. The disease is caused by Trypanosoma equiperdum, which belongs to an important genus of parasitic protozoa, and is the only member of the genus that is spread through sexual intercourse....
     in horse
    Horse

    The horse is a hoofed mammal, a subspecies of one of seven extant species of the family Equidae. The horse has evolution of the horse over the past 45 to 55 million years from a small multi-toed creature into the large, odd-toed ungulate animal of today....
    s and other Equidae
    Equidae

    Equidae is the Taxonomy Family of horses and related animals, including the extant horses, donkeys, and zebras, and many other species known only from fossils....
  • T. evansi
    Trypanosoma evansi

    Trypanosoma evansi is a protozoa trypanosome in the genus trypanosoma that causes one form of the surra disease in animals.It is pathogenic and rarely causes disease in humans....
    , which causes one form of the disease surra
    Surra

    Surra is a disease of vertebrate animals. The disease is caused by protozoa trypanosomes of several species which infect the blood of the vertebrate host, causing fever, weakness, and lethargy which lead to weight loss and anemia....
     in certain animals (a single case report of human infection in 2005 in India was successfully treated with suramin
    Suramin

    Suramin is a medication developed by Oskar Dressel and Richard Kothe of Bayer, Germany in 1916, and is still sold by Bayer under the brand name Germanin....
    )
  • T. everetti, in birds
  • T. hosei in amphibian
    Amphibian

    Amphibians , such as frogs, toads, salamanders, newts and caecilians, are cold-blooded animals that metamorphose from a juvenile, water-breathing form to an adult, air-breathing form....
    s
  • T. levisi, in rats
  • T. melophagium, in sheep, transmitted via Melophagus ovinus
    Melophagus ovinus

    Melophagus ovinus, or the sheep ked, is a brown, hairy fly that resembles a tick. This wingless fly is about 4 to 6 mm long and has a small head, is a fly from the family Hippoboscidae....
  • T. paddae, in birds
  • T. parroti, in amphibians
  • T. percae, in the fish species Perca fluviatilis
  • T. rangeli
    Trypanosoma rangeli

    Trypanosoma rangeli is a species of Trypanosoma.It is considered nonpathogenic in humans.It has been proposed for use in the prevention of Chagas disease....
    , believed to be nonpathogenic to humans
  • T. rotatorium, in amphibians
  • T. rugosae, in amphibians
  • T. sergenti, in amphibians
  • T. simiae, which causes nagana
    Nagana

    Nagana, also called nagana pest or Animal African Trypanosomiasis, is a disease of vertebrate animals. The disease is caused by trypanosoma of several species in the genus Trypanosoma....
     in animals
  • T. sinipercae, in fishes
  • T. suis
    Trypanosoma suis

    Trypanosoma suis is a protozoa trypanosome in the genus Trypanosoma that causes one form of the surra disease in animals. It infects pigs....
    , which causes a different form of surra
    Surra

    Surra is a disease of vertebrate animals. The disease is caused by protozoa trypanosomes of several species which infect the blood of the vertebrate host, causing fever, weakness, and lethargy which lead to weight loss and anemia....
  • T. theileri, a large trypanosome infecting ruminants
  • T. triglae, in marine teleosts
  • T. vivax, which causes the disease nagana
    Nagana

    Nagana, also called nagana pest or Animal African Trypanosomiasis, is a disease of vertebrate animals. The disease is caused by trypanosoma of several species in the genus Trypanosoma....


Hosts and life cycle

Trypanosoma undergo a complex life cycle
Life cycle

Life cycle may refer to:* Biological life cycle* Enterprise Life Cycle* New product development* Product life cycle management* LIFECYCLE Fundraising...
 which includes several different morphological forms. For example, Trypanosoma brucei
Trypanosoma brucei

'Trypanosoma BRYAN LI' is a parasitic protist species that causes African trypanosomiasis in humans and nagana in animals in Africa. There are 3 sub-species of T....
 is transmitted between mammalian hosts through a tsetse fly
Tsetse fly

Tsetse are large biting flies from Africa which live by feeding on the blood of vertebrate animals. Tsetse include all the species in the genus Glossina, which are generally placed in their own family, Glossinidae....
 vector
Vector (biology)

In epidemiology, a vector is an organism that does not cause disease itself but that transmits infection by conveying pathogens from one Host to another, serving as a transmission ....
 and undergoes a series of morphological and metabolic changes to adapt to these very different environments.

External Links

  • , Trypanosomatid specific ontologies