The Treaty of Ayacucho was an agreement between Brazil

Brazil

Brazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population with over 192 million people...

 and Bolivia

Bolivia

Bolivia officially known as Plurinational State of Bolivia , is a landlocked country in central South America. It is the poorest country in South America...

 signed in 1867. It assigned the land of Acre

Acre (state)

Acre is one of the 27 states of Brazil. It is situated in the southwest of the Northern Region, bordering Amazonas to the north, Rondônia to the east, Bolivia to the southeast and the Ucayali Region of Peru to the south and west. It occupies an area of 152,581.4 km2, being slightly smaller...

 (now a state in Brazil) to Bolivia

Bolivia

Bolivia officially known as Plurinational State of Bolivia , is a landlocked country in central South America. It is the poorest country in South America...

. It lasted until 1899, when an expedition led by Luiz Gálvez Rodríguez de Aria set up the first republic of Acre

Republic of Acre

The Republic of Acre or the Independent State of Acre were the names of a series of separatist governments in then Bolivia's Acre region between 1899 and 1903. The region was eventually annexed by Brazil in 1903 and is now the state of Acre.-History:...

.

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In Acre profits in rubber drew thousands of Brazilians, largely immigrants from the poor northeast of the country. In 1889, the situation escalated when the Brazilians living in Acre decided to defy the authority of Bolivia

Bolivia

Bolivia officially known as Plurinational State of Bolivia , is a landlocked country in central South America. It is the poorest country in South America...

. They wanted to create an independent territory, and request annexation from Brazil

Brazil

Brazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population with over 192 million people...

. Bolivia

Bolivia

Bolivia officially known as Plurinational State of Bolivia , is a landlocked country in central South America. It is the poorest country in South America...

's response was to found the city of Puerto Alonso (today Porto Acre

Porto Acre

Porto Acre is a municipality located in the northeast of the Brazilian state of Acre. Its population is 13 716 and its area is 2,985 km²....

). Using military force, in October 1889 the Brazilians occupied and expelled the Bolivians.

In July 1899, with the help of the governor of the state of Amazonas, the Brazilian population proclaimed the Republic of Acre

Republic of Acre

The Republic of Acre or the Independent State of Acre were the names of a series of separatist governments in then Bolivia's Acre region between 1899 and 1903. The region was eventually annexed by Brazil in 1903 and is now the state of Acre.-History:...

.

Bolivia then leased the region through the Treaty of Aramayo to The Bolivian Syndicate of New York in 1901. However, by August 1902, an insurrection of around two thousand Brazilian guerrillas began. They would finally defeat Bolivian force in 1903. José Plácido de Castro was proclaimed governor of the Independent Acre.

Supersession

Finally, it was superseded in 1903 by the Treaty of Petrópolis

Treaty of Petrópolis

The Treaty of Petrópolis, signed on November 11, 1903, ended tensions between Bolivia and Brazil over the then-Bolivian territory of Acre , a desirable territory during the contemporary rubber boom....

, which gave Acre to Brazil, in exchange for some concessions elsewhere.