Thyroid hormone receptor beta
Encyclopedia
Thyroid hormone receptor beta (TR-beta) also known as nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group A, member 2 (NR1A2), is a nuclear receptor
protein that in humans is encoded by the THRB gene.
. It is one of the several receptors
for thyroid hormone, and has been shown to mediate the biological activities of thyroid hormone. Knockout
studies in mice suggest that the different receptors, while having certain extent of redundancy, may mediate different functions of thyroid hormone. Defects in this gene are known to be a cause of generalized thyroid hormone resistance
(GTHR), a syndrome characterized by goiter and high levels of circulating thyroid hormone (T3-T4), with normal or slightly elevated thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). Several transcript variants
have been observed for this gene, but the full-length nature of only one has been observed so far.
with:
Nuclear receptor
In the field of molecular biology, nuclear receptors are a class of proteins found within cells that are responsible for sensing steroid and thyroid hormones and certain other molecules...
protein that in humans is encoded by the THRB gene.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene is a nuclear hormone receptor for triiodothyronineTriiodothyronine
Triiodothyronine, C15H12I3NO4, also known as T3, is a thyroid hormone. It affects almost every physiological process in the body, including growth and development, metabolism, body temperature, and heart rate....
. It is one of the several receptors
Thyroid hormone receptor
The thyroid hormone receptor is a type of nuclear receptor that is activated by binding thyroid hormone.-Function:Amongst the most important functions of thyroid hormone receptors are regulation of metabolism and heart rate...
for thyroid hormone, and has been shown to mediate the biological activities of thyroid hormone. Knockout
Gene knockout
A gene knockout is a genetic technique in which one of an organism's genes is made inoperative . Also known as knockout organisms or simply knockouts, they are used in learning about a gene that has been sequenced, but which has an unknown or incompletely known function...
studies in mice suggest that the different receptors, while having certain extent of redundancy, may mediate different functions of thyroid hormone. Defects in this gene are known to be a cause of generalized thyroid hormone resistance
Thyroid hormone resistance
Thyroid hormone resistance describes a rare syndrome where the thyroid hormone levels are elevated but the thyroid stimulating hormone level is not suppressed, or not completely suppressed as would be expected.-Causes:...
(GTHR), a syndrome characterized by goiter and high levels of circulating thyroid hormone (T3-T4), with normal or slightly elevated thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). Several transcript variants
Alternative splicing
Alternative splicing is a process by which the exons of the RNA produced by transcription of a gene are reconnected in multiple ways during RNA splicing...
have been observed for this gene, but the full-length nature of only one has been observed so far.
Interactions
Thyroid hormone receptor beta has been shown to interactProtein-protein interaction
Protein–protein interactions occur when two or more proteins bind together, often to carry out their biological function. Many of the most important molecular processes in the cell such as DNA replication are carried out by large molecular machines that are built from a large number of protein...
with:
- BRD8BRD8Bromodomain-containing protein 8 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BRD8 gene.-Interactions:BRD8 has been shown to interact with Thyroid hormone receptor beta and Retinoid X receptor alpha.-Further reading:...
, - CCND1Cyclin D1G1/S-specific cyclin-D1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCND1 gene.Immunohistochemical staining of cyclin D1 antibodies is used to diagnose mantle cell lymphoma.-Interactions:...
, - NCOA1Nuclear receptor coactivator 1The nuclear receptor coactivator 1 is a transcriptional coregulatory protein that contains several nuclear receptor interacting domains and an intrinsic histone acetyltransferase activity . NCOA1 is recruited to DNA promotion sites by ligand-activated nuclear receptors. NCOA1, in turn, acylates...
, - NCOA6NCOA6Nuclear receptor coactivator 6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NCOA6 gene.-Interactions:NCOA6 has been shown to interact with Ku70, RBBP5, E2F1, Retinoblastoma protein, CREB-binding protein, Activating transcription factor 2, HSF1, HBXIP, TGS1, TUBB, TUBA4A, Thyroid hormone receptor...
, - NCOR2Nuclear receptor co-repressor 2The nuclear receptor co-repressor 2 is a transcriptional coregulatory protein that contains several nuclear receptor-interacting domains. In addition, NCOR2 appears to recruit histone deacetylases to DNA promoter regions. Hence NCOR2 assists nuclear receptors in the down regulation of target...
, - NR2F6V-erbA-related geneV-erbA-related protein 2 also known as NR2F6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NR2F6 gene...
, - PPARGC1APPARGC1APeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PPARGC1A gene....
, and - RXRARetinoid X receptor alphaRetinoid X receptor alpha , also known as NR2B1 is a nuclear receptor that in humans is encoded by the RXRA gene.- Function :...
.