Symphony No. 80 (Haydn)
Encyclopedia
The Symphony No. 80 in D minor
, Hoboken 1/80, is a symphony
composed by Joseph Haydn
in 1784
as part of a trio of symphonies that also included symphonies 79
and 81
. It is one of the relatively few later symphonies by Haydn to be in the minor mode.
, two oboe
s, two bassoon
s, two horns
and strings
and is in the typical four movements:
The first movement opens with a theme in the cellos accompanied by tremolos in the strings evoking a strong sense of Sturm und Drang
. After the second theme provides a brief respite in the relative major, the music becomes turbulent as it transitions again. What follows is a very striking expositional coda
which is a light, dancing theme featuring Lombard rhythm
s and scored for solo flute and first violin against a pizzicato bass. The development begins with quirky coda theme in the remote key of D flat major
and then slowly works it up the scale until it reaches A major
followed by another grand pause and then the theme is repeated again in the relative major of F major
. From there, Haydn blurs the lines between development and recapitulation as he has done in previous minor key symphonies. The first theme reappears in D minor, but it still appears to be part of the development. By the time the second theme appear in the parallel major of D major
, it is evident that this is indeed the recapitulation and the movement drives home with odd expositional coda theme finishing the movement off in the appropriate key of D major. Haydn does not mark the second half of this movement with repeat signs.
The lyrical second movement is in B flat major
and has little trace of the storminess of the opening movement, although there are some darker passages toward the end of the movement.
The third movement returns to D minor with some emphasis on F major
, like in the first movement. The trio is in D major and uses a derivative (almost the reverse) of the Gregorian incipit lamentatio melody previously used in his 26th symphony "Lamentatione"
.
The finale is a sonata form in D major, with both halves marked for repeat. There is a lot of syncopation throughout the movement, particularly amongst the strings where the first violins play an eighth-note ahead of the second violins and the rest of the orchestra.
D minor
D minor is a minor scale based on D, consisting of the pitches D, E, F, G, A, B, and C. In the harmonic minor, the C is raised to C. Its key signature has one flat ....
, Hoboken 1/80, is a symphony
Symphony
A symphony is an extended musical composition in Western classical music, scored almost always for orchestra. A symphony usually contains at least one movement or episode composed according to the sonata principle...
composed by Joseph Haydn
Joseph Haydn
Franz Joseph Haydn , known as Joseph Haydn , was an Austrian composer, one of the most prolific and prominent composers of the Classical period. He is often called the "Father of the Symphony" and "Father of the String Quartet" because of his important contributions to these forms...
in 1784
1784 in music
-Events:*March - Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart gives the first performances of his Piano Concerto No. 15 at the Trattnerhof and Burgtheater in Vienna*April 29 – Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and violinist Regina Strinasacchi perform Mozart's Sonata in B flat for Violin and Keyboard for the first time, in the...
as part of a trio of symphonies that also included symphonies 79
Symphony No. 79 (Haydn)
The Symphony No. 79 in F major, Hoboken 1/79, is a symphony by Joseph Haydn. It was composed in 1784 as part of a trio of symphonies that also included symphonies 80 and 81...
and 81
Symphony No. 81 (Haydn)
The Symphony No. 81 in G major is a symphony by Joseph Haydn was composed in 1784 as part of a trio of symphonies that also included symphonies 79 and 80.-Movements:It is scored for flute, two oboes, two bassoons, two horns and strings....
. It is one of the relatively few later symphonies by Haydn to be in the minor mode.
Movements
The symphony is scored for fluteFlute
The flute is a musical instrument of the woodwind family. Unlike woodwind instruments with reeds, a flute is an aerophone or reedless wind instrument that produces its sound from the flow of air across an opening...
, two oboe
Oboe
The oboe is a double reed musical instrument of the woodwind family. In English, prior to 1770, the instrument was called "hautbois" , "hoboy", or "French hoboy". The spelling "oboe" was adopted into English ca...
s, two bassoon
Bassoon
The bassoon is a woodwind instrument in the double reed family that typically plays music written in the bass and tenor registers, and occasionally higher. Appearing in its modern form in the 19th century, the bassoon figures prominently in orchestral, concert band and chamber music literature...
s, two horns
Horn (instrument)
The horn is a brass instrument consisting of about of tubing wrapped into a coil with a flared bell. A musician who plays the horn is called a horn player ....
and strings
String instrument
A string instrument is a musical instrument that produces sound by means of vibrating strings. In the Hornbostel-Sachs scheme of musical instrument classification, used in organology, they are called chordophones...
and is in the typical four movements:
- Allegro spiritoso
- Adagio
- MenuettoMinuetA minuet, also spelled menuet, is a social dance of French origin for two people, usually in 3/4 time. The word was adapted from Italian minuetto and French menuet, and may have been from French menu meaning slender, small, referring to the very small steps, or from the early 17th-century popular...
- Finale: Presto
The first movement opens with a theme in the cellos accompanied by tremolos in the strings evoking a strong sense of Sturm und Drang
Sturm und Drang
Sturm und Drang is a proto-Romantic movement in German literature and music taking place from the late 1760s through the early 1780s, in which individual subjectivity and, in particular, extremes of emotion were given free expression in reaction to the perceived constraints of rationalism...
. After the second theme provides a brief respite in the relative major, the music becomes turbulent as it transitions again. What follows is a very striking expositional coda
Coda (music)
Coda is a term used in music in a number of different senses, primarily to designate a passage that brings a piece to an end. Technically, it is an expanded cadence...
which is a light, dancing theme featuring Lombard rhythm
Lombard rhythm
The Lombard rhythm or Scotch snap is a rhythm associated primarily with Baroque music, generally consisting of a stressed sixteenth note or semiquaver followed by a dotted eighth note or quaver. This effects a reverse of the dotted rhythm normally used in notes inégales, in which the longer value...
s and scored for solo flute and first violin against a pizzicato bass. The development begins with quirky coda theme in the remote key of D flat major
D flat major
D-flat major is a major scale based on D-flat, consisting of the pitches D, E, F, G, A, B and C. Its key signature has five flats .Its relative minor is B-flat minor...
and then slowly works it up the scale until it reaches A major
A major
A major is a major scale based on A, with the pitches A, B, C, D, E, F, and G. Its key signature has three sharps.Its relative minor is F-sharp minor and its parallel minor is A minor...
followed by another grand pause and then the theme is repeated again in the relative major of F major
F major
F major is a musical major scale based on F, consisting of the pitches F, G, A, B, C, D, and E. Its key signature has one flat . It is by far the oldest key signature with an accidental, predating the others by hundreds of years...
. From there, Haydn blurs the lines between development and recapitulation as he has done in previous minor key symphonies. The first theme reappears in D minor, but it still appears to be part of the development. By the time the second theme appear in the parallel major of D major
D major
D major is a major scale based on D, consisting of the pitches D, E, F, G, A, B, and C. Its key signature consists of two sharps. Its relative minor is B minor and its parallel minor is D minor....
, it is evident that this is indeed the recapitulation and the movement drives home with odd expositional coda theme finishing the movement off in the appropriate key of D major. Haydn does not mark the second half of this movement with repeat signs.
The lyrical second movement is in B flat major
B flat major
B major or B-flat major is a major scale based on B-flat, consisting of the pitches B, C, D, E, F, G, and A. Its key signature has two flats, B/E .Its relative minor is G minor, and its parallel minor is B minor....
and has little trace of the storminess of the opening movement, although there are some darker passages toward the end of the movement.
The third movement returns to D minor with some emphasis on F major
F major
F major is a musical major scale based on F, consisting of the pitches F, G, A, B, C, D, and E. Its key signature has one flat . It is by far the oldest key signature with an accidental, predating the others by hundreds of years...
, like in the first movement. The trio is in D major and uses a derivative (almost the reverse) of the Gregorian incipit lamentatio melody previously used in his 26th symphony "Lamentatione"
Symphony No. 26 (Haydn)
The Symphony No. 26 in D minor, Hoboken 1/26, is one of the early Sturm und Drang Symphonies written by Joseph Haydn. It is popularly known as the Lamentatione.- Background :...
.
The finale is a sonata form in D major, with both halves marked for repeat. There is a lot of syncopation throughout the movement, particularly amongst the strings where the first violins play an eighth-note ahead of the second violins and the rest of the orchestra.