Symphony No. 3 (Haydn)
Encyclopedia
Joseph Haydn
's Symphony No. 3 in G major, Hoboken I/3, is believed to have been written between 1760 and 1762.
It is scored for 2 oboe
s, bassoon
, 2 horn
s, strings and continuo. It was one of the earliest symphonies to have four movements:
The winds are dismissed for the slow movement, but the trio of the minuet shows "the first emergence of winds from their earlier rôle ... in the earliest divertimenti
for winds and strings."
The Minuet itself is a canon between the higher and lower voices at an interval of a single bar. Haydn would later write a similar canon in the minuet of his twenty-third symphony
and similar canons would be later be written into G major minuets by Michael Haydn
and Mozart
. Later still, Haydn himself would develop this technique into the "Canones in Diapason" of the minuet of his Trauer Symphony
and the "Witches Minuet" of his D minor string quartet from Op. 76.
The Finale is also contrapuntal
. It is a fugue
with two subjects that also integrates elements of sonata form
.
Joseph Haydn
Franz Joseph Haydn , known as Joseph Haydn , was an Austrian composer, one of the most prolific and prominent composers of the Classical period. He is often called the "Father of the Symphony" and "Father of the String Quartet" because of his important contributions to these forms...
's Symphony No. 3 in G major, Hoboken I/3, is believed to have been written between 1760 and 1762.
It is scored for 2 oboe
Oboe
The oboe is a double reed musical instrument of the woodwind family. In English, prior to 1770, the instrument was called "hautbois" , "hoboy", or "French hoboy". The spelling "oboe" was adopted into English ca...
s, bassoon
Bassoon
The bassoon is a woodwind instrument in the double reed family that typically plays music written in the bass and tenor registers, and occasionally higher. Appearing in its modern form in the 19th century, the bassoon figures prominently in orchestral, concert band and chamber music literature...
, 2 horn
Horn (instrument)
The horn is a brass instrument consisting of about of tubing wrapped into a coil with a flared bell. A musician who plays the horn is called a horn player ....
s, strings and continuo. It was one of the earliest symphonies to have four movements:
- Allegro, 3/4
- Andante moderato in G minorG minorG minor is a minor scale based on G, consisting of the pitches G, A, B, C, D, E, and F. For the harmonic minor scale, the F is raised to F. Its relative major is B-flat major, and its parallel major is G major....
, 2/4 - MinuetMinuetA minuet, also spelled menuet, is a social dance of French origin for two people, usually in 3/4 time. The word was adapted from Italian minuetto and French menuet, and may have been from French menu meaning slender, small, referring to the very small steps, or from the early 17th-century popular...
and Trio, 3/4 - Allegro, cut time
The winds are dismissed for the slow movement, but the trio of the minuet shows "the first emergence of winds from their earlier rôle ... in the earliest divertimenti
Divertimento
Divertimento is a musical genre, with most of its examples from the 18th century. The mood of the divertimento is most often lighthearted and it is generally composed for a small ensemble....
for winds and strings."
The Minuet itself is a canon between the higher and lower voices at an interval of a single bar. Haydn would later write a similar canon in the minuet of his twenty-third symphony
Symphony No. 23 (Haydn)
Joseph Haydn wrote Symphony No. 23 in G major, Hoboken I/23, in 1764.The work is scored for 2 oboes, bassoon, 2 horns, and strings with continuo...
and similar canons would be later be written into G major minuets by Michael Haydn
Symphony No. 12 (Michael Haydn)
Michael Haydn's Symphony No. 12 in G major, Perger 7, Sherman 12, MH 108, written in Salzburg in 1768, was at one time mistaken for a symphony by Joseph Haydn Michael Haydn's Symphony No. 12 in G major, Perger 7, Sherman 12, MH 108, written in Salzburg in 1768, was at one time mistaken for a...
and Mozart
Symphony No. 12 (Mozart)
Symphony No. 12 in G major, K. 110/75b, by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, was composed in Salzburg in the summer of 1771. The symphony was apparently prepared in anticipation of Mozart's second Italian journey, which was to take place between August and December 1771. The symphony is in four movements,...
. Later still, Haydn himself would develop this technique into the "Canones in Diapason" of the minuet of his Trauer Symphony
Symphony No. 44 (Haydn)
The Symphony No. 44 in E minor, Hoboken 1/44, was completed in 1772 by Joseph Haydn. It is popularly known as Trauer...
and the "Witches Minuet" of his D minor string quartet from Op. 76.
The Finale is also contrapuntal
Counterpoint
In music, counterpoint is the relationship between two or more voices that are independent in contour and rhythm and are harmonically interdependent . It has been most commonly identified in classical music, developing strongly during the Renaissance and in much of the common practice period,...
. It is a fugue
Fugue
In music, a fugue is a compositional technique in two or more voices, built on a subject that is introduced at the beginning in imitation and recurs frequently in the course of the composition....
with two subjects that also integrates elements of sonata form
Sonata form
Sonata form is a large-scale musical structure used widely since the middle of the 18th century . While it is typically used in the first movement of multi-movement pieces, it is sometimes used in subsequent movements as well—particularly the final movement...
.