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Suppiluliuma II

 
Suppiluliuma II

 
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Suppiluliuma II
 
 
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Suppiluliuma II, the son of Tudhaliya IV
Tudhaliya IV

Tudhaliya IV was a king of the Hittite empire , and the younger son of Hattusili III. He reigned ca. 1237 BCE–1209 BCE.Tudhaliya was likely born in his father's court in Hattusa, after his brother and crown prince Nerikkaili but still while their father was governing on his brother Muwatalli II's behalf....
, was the last known king of the New Kingdom of the Hittite Empire, ruling ca. 1207 – 1178 BC (short chronology), contemporary with Tukulti-Ninurta I
Tukulti-Ninurta I

Tukulti-Ninurta I was a king of Assyria. He succeeded Shalmaneser I, his father, as king and won a major victory against the Hittites at the Battle of Nihriya in the first half of his reign....
 of Assyria.

He is known from two inscriptions in Hieroglyphic Luwian
Hieroglyphic Luwian

Hieroglyphic Luwian is a variant of the Luwian language, recorded in official and royal Seal and a small number of monumental inscriptions. It is written in a hieroglyphic script known as Anatolian hieroglyphs...
. They record wars against former vassal Tarhuntassa
Tarhuntassa

Tarhuntassa is an as-yet undiscovered Bronze Age city south of Hattusa. Speculations of its site include Konya, Rough Cilicia, the Gok Su valley, and the vicinity of Kayseri....
, and against Alasiya in Cyprus
Cyprus

Cyprus , officially the Republic of Cyprus , is an island country situated in the eastern Mediterranean Sea, east of Greece, west of Lebanon, Syria, and Israel, south of Turkey and north of Egypt....
.






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Hattusa
Suppiluliuma II, the son of Tudhaliya IV
Tudhaliya IV

Tudhaliya IV was a king of the Hittite empire , and the younger son of Hattusili III. He reigned ca. 1237 BCE–1209 BCE.Tudhaliya was likely born in his father's court in Hattusa, after his brother and crown prince Nerikkaili but still while their father was governing on his brother Muwatalli II's behalf....
, was the last known king of the New Kingdom of the Hittite Empire, ruling ca. 1207 – 1178 BC (short chronology), contemporary with Tukulti-Ninurta I
Tukulti-Ninurta I

Tukulti-Ninurta I was a king of Assyria. He succeeded Shalmaneser I, his father, as king and won a major victory against the Hittites at the Battle of Nihriya in the first half of his reign....
 of Assyria.

He is known from two inscriptions in Hieroglyphic Luwian
Hieroglyphic Luwian

Hieroglyphic Luwian is a variant of the Luwian language, recorded in official and royal Seal and a small number of monumental inscriptions. It is written in a hieroglyphic script known as Anatolian hieroglyphs...
. They record wars against former vassal Tarhuntassa
Tarhuntassa

Tarhuntassa is an as-yet undiscovered Bronze Age city south of Hattusa. Speculations of its site include Konya, Rough Cilicia, the Gok Su valley, and the vicinity of Kayseri....
, and against Alasiya in Cyprus
Cyprus

Cyprus , officially the Republic of Cyprus , is an island country situated in the eastern Mediterranean Sea, east of Greece, west of Lebanon, Syria, and Israel, south of Turkey and north of Egypt....
. One inscription is found at the base of Nisantepe in the Upper City of Hattusa; the other is on the northern corner of the East Pond (Pond 1), in what is known as Chamber 2. This served as a water reservoir for Hattusa.

The chamber 2 reliefs are historically important since it records major political instability which plagued Hatti during Suppiluliuma's reign. It states that this ruler sacked the city of Tarhutassa which was a Hittite city and had briefly served as the Empire's political capital under the reign of Muwatalli II
Muwatalli II

Muwatalli II was a king of the New kingdom of the Hittite empire . The eldest surviving son of Mursili II, he is best known as the Hittite ruler who fought Ramesses II to a standstill at the Battle of Kadesh around 1274 BCE....
.

The Hittite kingdom was ultimately destroyed by the invading Sea Peoples
Sea Peoples

The Sea Peoples is the term used for a confederacy of seafaring raiders of the second millennium BC who sailed into the eastern shores of the Mediterranean, caused political unrest, and attempted to enter or control Egyptian territory during the late Nineteenth dynasty of Egypt, and especially during Year 8 of Ramesses III of the Twentieth dy...
 and Kaskians in the late 1170s BCE. Based on records in Ugarit
Ugarit

Ugarit was an ancient cosmopolitan port city, sited on the Mediterranean coast. Ugarit sent tribute to Ancient Egypt and maintained trade and diplomatic connections with Cyprus , documented in the archives recovered from the site and corroborated by Mycenaean Greece and Cypriot pottery found there....
, the threat originated in the west, and the Hittite king asked for assistance from Ugarit.
"The enemy [advances(?)] against us and there is no number [...]. Our number is pure(?) [. . .] Whatever is available, look for it and send it to me."


Ammurapi
Ammurapi

Ammurapi was the last Bronze Age ruler and king of the Ancient Syria city of Ugarit who ca. 1215 - 1180 BC. Ammurapi was a contemporary of the Hittites King Suppiluliuma II....
, an ally of Suppululiuma II and the last king
King

King is a title for a head of state.King may also refer to:...
 of Ugarit
Ugarit

Ugarit was an ancient cosmopolitan port city, sited on the Mediterranean coast. Ugarit sent tribute to Ancient Egypt and maintained trade and diplomatic connections with Cyprus , documented in the archives recovered from the site and corroborated by Mycenaean Greece and Cypriot pottery found there....
 wrote a letter outlining the threat posed by the invading Sea Peoples and pleaded for help from Eshuwara, the ruler of Alasiya (Cyprus):

After Suppiluliuma's kingdom collapsed, the Kaskian tribes were probably in control of Hatti. Hattusa itself was destroyed by fire, its site only re-occupied by a Phrygian fortress some 500 years later. Kuzi-Teshub
Kuzi-Teshub

Kuzi-Teshub was the son of Talmi-Teshub who was both the last viceroy of the Hittite Empire at Carchemish under Suppiluliuma II, and a direct descendant of Suppiluliuma I....
, a ruler of Carchemish
Carchemish

Carchemish was an important ancient city of the Mitanni and Hittites empires, now on the frontier between Turkey and Syria. It was the location of an Battle of Carchemish between the Babylonians and Egyptians, mentioned in the Bible....
, would later assume the title of "Great King" since he was a direct descendent of Suppiluliuma I
Suppiluliuma I

Suppiluliuma I was king of the Hittites . He achieved fame as a great warrior and statesman, successfully challenging the then-dominant New Kingdom for control of the lands between the Mediterranean and the Euphrates....
.

See also

  • History of the Hittites
    History of the Hittites

    Hittites is the conventional English-language term for an ancient people who spoke an Indo-European language and established a kingdom centered in Hattusa in northern Turkey from the 18th century BC....


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