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Sulfonic acid usually refers to a member of the class of organic acid
Organic acid

An organic acid is an organic compound with acidic properties. The most common organic acids are the carboxylic acids whose acidity is associated with their carboxyl group -COOH....
s with the general formula R-S(=O)2-OH, where R is usually a hydrocarbon
Hydrocarbon

In organic chemistry, a hydrocarbon is an organic compound consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon. With relation to chemical terminology, aromatic hydrocarbons or arenes, alkanes, alkenes and alkyne-based compounds composed entirely of carbon or hydrogen are referred to as "pure" hydrocarbons, whereas other hydrocarbons with bonded com...
 side chain
Side chain

A side chain in organic chemistry and biochemistry is a part of a molecule that is attached to a core structure. The placeholder R is often used as a generic placeholder for side chains, the R historically being derived from radical or rest....
. The term sulfonic acid may also refer to a particular member of this class, namely the case where R=hydrogen.

onic acid is the less stable tautomer
Tautomer

Tautomers are isomers of organic compounds that readily interconvert by a chemical reaction called tautomerization. Commonly this reaction results in the formal migration of a hydrogen atom or proton, accompanied by a switch of a single bond and adjacent double bond....
 of sulfurous acid
Sulfurous acid

Sulfurous acid is the chemical compound with the chemical formula H2SO3. There is no evidence that sulfurous acid exists in solution, but the molecule has been detected in the gas phase....
 HO-S(=O)-OH into which sulfonic acid converts rapidly.






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Sulfonic acid usually refers to a member of the class of organic acid
Organic acid

An organic acid is an organic compound with acidic properties. The most common organic acids are the carboxylic acids whose acidity is associated with their carboxyl group -COOH....
s with the general formula R-S(=O)2-OH, where R is usually a hydrocarbon
Hydrocarbon

In organic chemistry, a hydrocarbon is an organic compound consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon. With relation to chemical terminology, aromatic hydrocarbons or arenes, alkanes, alkenes and alkyne-based compounds composed entirely of carbon or hydrogen are referred to as "pure" hydrocarbons, whereas other hydrocarbons with bonded com...
 side chain
Side chain

A side chain in organic chemistry and biochemistry is a part of a molecule that is attached to a core structure. The placeholder R is often used as a generic placeholder for side chains, the R historically being derived from radical or rest....
. The term sulfonic acid may also refer to a particular member of this class, namely the case where R=hydrogen.

Sulfonic acid (H-S(=O)2-OH)

Sulfonic Acid Chemical Structure
Sulfonic acid is the less stable tautomer
Tautomer

Tautomers are isomers of organic compounds that readily interconvert by a chemical reaction called tautomerization. Commonly this reaction results in the formal migration of a hydrogen atom or proton, accompanied by a switch of a single bond and adjacent double bond....
 of sulfurous acid
Sulfurous acid

Sulfurous acid is the chemical compound with the chemical formula H2SO3. There is no evidence that sulfurous acid exists in solution, but the molecule has been detected in the gas phase....
 HO-S(=O)-OH into which sulfonic acid converts rapidly. Derived compounds which replace the sulfur-bonded hydrogen with organic groups are called sulfonic acids and are stable.

Sulfonic acids (R-S(=O)2-OH)

Sulfonic acids are a class of organic acid
Organic acid

An organic acid is an organic compound with acidic properties. The most common organic acids are the carboxylic acids whose acidity is associated with their carboxyl group -COOH....
s with the general formula R-S(=O)2-OH, where R is usually a hydrocarbon
Hydrocarbon

In organic chemistry, a hydrocarbon is an organic compound consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon. With relation to chemical terminology, aromatic hydrocarbons or arenes, alkanes, alkenes and alkyne-based compounds composed entirely of carbon or hydrogen are referred to as "pure" hydrocarbons, whereas other hydrocarbons with bonded com...
 side chain
Side chain

A side chain in organic chemistry and biochemistry is a part of a molecule that is attached to a core structure. The placeholder R is often used as a generic placeholder for side chains, the R historically being derived from radical or rest....
. Sulfonic acids are typically much stronger acids than their carboxylic equivalents, and have the unique tendency to bind to protein
Protein

Proteins are organic compounds made of amino acids arranged in a linear chain and joined together by peptide bonds between the carboxyl and amino groups of adjacent amino acid Residue ....
s and carbohydrate
Carbohydrate

Carbohydrates or saccharides are the most abundant of the four major classes of biomolecules. They fill numerous roles in living things, such as the storage and transport of energy and structural components ....
s tightly; most "washable" dye
Dye

A dye can generally be described as a colored substance that has an Chemical affinity to the Wiktionary:substrate to which it is being applied....
s are sulfonic acids (or have the functional sulfonyl
Sulfonyl

A sulfonyl group is an organic radical or functional group obtained from a sulfonic acid by the removal of the hydroxyl group. Sulfonyl groups can be written as having the general formula R-S2-R', where there are two double bonds between the sulfur and oxygen....
 group in them) for this reason. They are also used as catalysts and intermediates for a number of different products. Sulfonic acids and their salts (sulfonate
Sulfonate

A sulfonate is a Salt_ or ester of a sulfonic acid. It contains the functional group R-SO2O-....
s) are used extensively in such diverse products like detergents, antibacterial drugs sulfa drug
Sulfonamide (medicine)

File:Sulfonamide.pngFile:Hydrochlorothiazide-2D-skeletal.pngFile:Furosemide.svgThere are several sulfonamide-based groups of drugs. The original antibacterial sulfonamides are synthetic antimicrobial agents that contain the Sulfonamide group....
s, anion exchange resins (water purification) and dyes. The simplest example is methanesulfonic acid
Methanesulfonic acid

Methanesulfonic acid is a colorless liquid with the chemical formula CH3SO3H. It is the simplest of the alkylsulfonic acids....
, CH3SO2OH, which is a reagent
Reagent

A reagent or reactant is a substance or compound consumed during a chemical reaction. Solvents and catalysts, although they are involved in the reaction, are usually not referred to as reactants....
 regularly used in organic chemistry
Organic chemistry

Organic chemistry is a discipline within chemistry which involves the science study of the structure, properties, composition, chemical reaction, and preparation of chemical compounds that contain carbon....
. p-Toluenesulfonic acid
P-Toluenesulfonic acid

p-Toluenesulfonic acid is an organic compound with the formula methyl groupbenzeneSulfonic acid. TsOH, as it is abbreviated, is a white solid that is soluble in water, alcohols, and other Chemical polarity organic solvents....
 is also an important reagent.

Sulfonic esters

Sulfonic esters are a class of organic compound
Organic compound

An organic compound is any member of a large class of chemical compounds whose molecules contain carbon. For historical reasons discussed below, a few types of compounds such as carbonates, simple oxides of carbon and cyanides, as well as the allotropes of carbon, are considered Inorganic compound....
s with the general formula R-SO2-OR. Sulfonic esters such as methyl triflate
Methyl triflate

Methyl trifluoromethanesulfonate, is commonly called methyl triflate, and has the chemical formula CF3SO2-OCH3, and is used as a very powerful Methylation reagent in chemistry....
 are considered good leaving group
Leaving group

A leaving group in chemistry is an ion or substituent with the ability to detach itself from a molecule. The remaining molecule or fragment remaining is known as the residual or main part....
s in nucleophilic aliphatic substitution.

Sulfonyl halides

Sulfonyl halide groups occur when a sulfonyl functional group is singly bonded to a halogen atom. They have the general formula R-SO2-X where X is a halogen.

See also

  • Sulfuric acid
    Sulfuric acid

    Sulfuric acid, hydrogen2sulfuroxygen4, is a strong mineral acid. It is soluble in water at all concentrations. Sulfuric acid has many applications, and is one of the top products of the chemical industry....
     H2SO4
  • Sulfonium
    Sulfonium

    A sulfonium ion, also known as sulphonium ion and sulfanium ion, is a positively charged sulfur ion carrying three alkyl functional group as Substitution ....
     S+, S+R3