Sulfadiazine is a
sulfonamideThere are several sulfonamide-based groups of drugs. The original antibacterial sulfonamides are synthetic antimicrobial agents that contain the sulfonamide group. Some sulfonamides are also devoid of antibacterial activity, e.g., the anticonvulsant sultiame...
antibioticIn common usage, an antibiotic is a substance or compound that kills or inhibits the growth of bacteria...
.
Discussion
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Sulfadiazine is a
sulfonamideThere are several sulfonamide-based groups of drugs. The original antibacterial sulfonamides are synthetic antimicrobial agents that contain the sulfonamide group. Some sulfonamides are also devoid of antibacterial activity, e.g., the anticonvulsant sultiame...
antibioticIn common usage, an antibiotic is a substance or compound that kills or inhibits the growth of bacteria...
.
Uses
It eliminates
bacteriaThe bacteria are a large group of unicellular microorganisms. Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria have a wide range of shapes, ranging from spheres to rods and spirals...
that cause infections by stopping the production of
folic acidFolic acid and folate , as well as pteroyl-L-glutamic acid and pteroyl-L-glutamate, are forms of the water-soluble vitamin B
9...
inside the bacterial cell, and is commonly used to treat
urinary tract infectionA urinary tract infection is a bacterial infection that affects any part of the urinary tract.The main causitive agent is:Escherichia coli. Although urine contains a variety of fluids, salts, and waste products, it usually does not have bacteria in it. When bacteria get into the bladder or kidney...
s (UTIs).
In combination, sulfadiazine and
pyrimethaminePyrimethamine is a medication used for protozoal infections. It is commonly used as an antimalarial drug , and is also used in the treatment of Toxoplasma gondii infections in immunocompromised patients, such as HIV-positive individuals.-Mechanism of action:Pyrimethamine interferes with...
, can be used to treat
toxoplasmosisToxoplasmosis is a parasitic disease caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii. The parasite infects most genera of warm-blooded animals, including humans, but the primary host is the felid family. Animals are infected by eating infected meat, by ingestion of faeces of a cat that has itself...
, a disease caused by
Toxoplasma gondiiToxoplasma gondii is a species of parasitic protozoa in the genus Toxoplasma. The definitive host of T. gondii is the cat, but the parasite can be carried by all known mammals. Toxoplasmosis, the disease of which T...
.
Side effects
Side effects reported for sulfadiazine include:
nauseaNausea is the sensation of unease and discomfort in the stomach with an urge to vomit.-Causes:...
, upset stomach, loss of appetite, and
dizzinessDizziness refers to an impairment in spatial perception and stability. It is considered imprecise. It can be used to mean vertigo, presyncope, disequilibrium, or for a non-specific feeling such as giddiness or foolishness....
.
Brand names
Lantrisul; Neotrizine; Sulfa-Triple #2; Sulfadiazine; Sulfaloid; Sulfonamides Duplex; Sulfose; Terfonyl; Triple Sulfa; Triple Sulfas; Triple Sulfoid