Stratification

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• Social stratification
  Social stratification
  
  In sociology and anthropology, social stratification is the hierarchy arrangement of social classes, castes and strata within a society. While these hierarchies are not universal to all societies, they are the norm among state-level cultures ....
  , is the dividing of a society
  Society
  
  A society is a group of humans characterized by patterns of relationships between individuals that share a distinctive culture and/or institutions....
   into levels based on wealth
  Wealth
  
  Wealth is an abundance of valuable material possessions or resources. The word is derived from the old English wela, which is from an Indo-European word stem....
   or power
  Power (sociology)
  
  Power is a measure of a person's ability to control the environment around them, including the behavior of other people. The term authority is often used for power, perceived as legitimate by the social structure....
  .
• Stratification
  Stratification (archeology)
  
  Stratification is a paramount and base concept in archaeology, especially in the course of excavation. It is largely based on the Law of Superposition....
   in archaeology
  Archaeology
  
  Archaeology, archeology, or arch?ology is the science that studies Homo cultures through the recovery, documentation, analysis, and interpretation of material remains and environmental data, including architecture, Artifact , features, Biofact s, and cultural landscape....
   is the formation of layers (strata) in which objects are found.
• Stratification of rock
  Rock (geology)
  
  In geology, rock is a naturally occurring solid aggregate of minerals and/or mineraloids.The Earth's outer solid layer, the lithosphere, is made of rock....
   layers (strata
  Stratum
  
  In geology and related fields, a stratum is a layer of rock or soil with internally consistent characteristics that distinguishes it from contiguous layers....
  ) is part of the geologic field of Stratigraphy
  Stratigraphy
  
  Stratigraphy, a branch of geology, studies rock layers and layering . It is primarily used in the study of sedimentary rock and layered volcanic rocks....
  .
• Stratification (botany)
  Stratification (botany)
  
  In horticulture, stratification is the process of pretreating seeds to simulate natural conditions that a seed must endure before germination. Many seed species have what is called an embryonic dormancy and generally speaking will not sprout until this dormancy is broken....
  , where seeds are pretreated to simulate winter conditions so that germination
  Germination
  
  Germination is the process whereby growth emerges from a period of dormancy. The most common example of germination is the sprouting of a seedling from a seed of an flowering plant or gymnosperm....
   may occur.
• See stratified sampling
  Stratified sampling
  
  In statistics, stratified sampling is a method of sampling from a population.When sub-populations vary considerably, it is advantageous to sample each subpopulation independently....
   for the use of stratification in survey sampling
  Survey sampling
  
  In statistics, survey sampling involves selecting a sample from a finite population. It is an important part of planning statistical research and design of experiments....
  . The term "stratified sampling" also refers a method of variance reduction in Monte Carlo method
  Monte Carlo method
  
  Monte Carlo methods are a class of computational algorithms that rely on repeated random sampling to compute their results. Monte Carlo methods are often used when computer simulation physics and mathematics systems....
  s.
• In logic
  Logic
  
  Logic is the study of the principles of valid demonstration and inference. Logic is a branch of philosophy, a part of the classical Trivium . The word derives from Greek language ?????? , fem....
  , stratification
  Stratification (mathematics)
  
  Stratification has several usages in mathematics....
   is a layering of predicate symbols to guarantee unique interpretations and to avoid paradoxical definitions like Russell's paradox
  Russell's paradox
  
  Part of fundamental mathematics, Russell's paradox , discovered by Bertrand Russell in 1901, showed that the naive set theory of Gottlob Frege leads to a contradiction....
  .
• In mathematics
  Mathematics
  
  Mathematics is the study of quantity, structure, space, change, and related topics of pattern and form. Mathematicians seek out patterns whether found in numbers, space, natural science, computers, imaginary abstractions, or elsewhere....
  , Stratification
  Stratification (mathematics)
  
  Stratification has several usages in mathematics....
   has a separate meaning as applied to manifold
  Manifold
  
  In mathematics, more specifically topology, a manifold is a topological space in which every point has a neighborhood which "resembles" Euclidean space....
  s, and singularity theory
  Singularity theory
  
  In mathematics, singularity theory is the study of the failure of manifold structure. A loop of string can serve as an example of a one-dimensional manifold, if one neglects its width....
  , of a decomposition into pieces with specified relationships on fitting together.
• In music
  Music
  
  Music is an art form whose media is sound organized in time. Common elements of music are pitch , rhythm , dynamics , and the sonic qualities of timbre and texture ....
   stratification is a layering of musical texture or the independent operating of more than one parameter
  Parameter
  
  In mathematics, statistics, and the mathematical sciences, a parameter is a quantity that defines certain characteristics of systems or function s....
   simultaneously
  Simultaneity
  
  Simultaneity is the properties of two Spacetime#Basic conceptss happening at the same time in at least one reference frame.The noun Simult means a supernatural coincidence, two or more divinely inspired events that occur at or near the same period of time that are related to each other in both noticeable and unnoticeable characteristi...
   (see auditory stream).
• In meteorology
  Meteorology
  
  Meteorology is the interdisciplinary scientific study of the Earth's atmosphere that focuses on weather processes and forecasting . Studies in the field stretch back millennia, though significant progress in meteorology did not occur until the eighteenth century....
  , atmospheric stratification
  Atmospheric stratification
  
  Atmospheric stratification is the division of the Earth's atmosphere into distinct layers, each with specific properties such as temperature or humidity....
   is the division of the atmosphere
  Earth's atmosphere
  
  The Earth's atmosphere is a layer of gases surrounding the planet Earth that is retained by the Earth's gravity. Dry air contains roughly 78.08% nitrogen, 20.95% oxygen, 0.93% argon, 0.038% Carbon dioxide in the Earth's atmosphere, and trace amounts of other gases....
   into distinct layers, each with specific properties such as temperature or humidity.
• In histology
  Histology
  
  Histology is the study of the anatomy of cell and tissue of plants and animals. It is performed by examining a thin slice of tissue under a light microscope or electron microscope....
  , stratified epithelium
  Epithelium
  
  In biology and medicine, epithelium is a Biological tissue composed of cell s that line the cavities and surfaces of structures throughout the body....
   refers to epithelium that consists of two or more layers of epithelial cells, in contrast to simple epithelium, which only has one layer.
• Genetic stratification
  Genetic association
  
  Studies concerning genetic association aim to test whether single-locus alleles or genotype frequencies are different between 2 groups . Genetic association studies are based on the principle that genotypes can be compared "directly", i.e....
  
• Stratification (water)
  Stratification (water)
  
  Water stratification occurs when water of high and low salinity , as well as cold and warm water , forms layers that act as barriers to water mixing....
   can occur due to gradients in salinity or temperature, e.g. lake stratification
  Lake stratification
  
  Lake stratification is the separation of lakes into three layers:# Epilimnion - top of the lake.# Metalimnion - middle layer that may change depth throughout the day....
  .
• Stratification of air — unmixed air within a confined space that is separated into thermal layers due to temperature variations.
• A way an internal combustion operates, when direct injection
  Gasoline direct injection
  
  Gasoline direct injection is a latest variant of fuel injection employed in modern two-stroke cycle and Four-stroke cycle stroke petrol engines....
   is used to burn fuel just at the sparkplug and keep in the rest of the cylinder plain air. This reduces fuel consumption significantly.

See also

• Destratification
  Destratification
  
  Destratification is a process in which the air or water is mixed in order to eliminate stratified layers of temperature, plant, or animal life. The first example of destratification was in 1919, in a small resorvoir....
  
• Partition
  Partition
  
  Generally, a partition is a splitting of something into parts. The term is used in a variety of senses:...