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Strain energy
 
 
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In a molecule
Molecule

In chemistry, a molecule is defined as a sufficiently stable, electric charge neutral group of at least two atoms in a definite arrangement held together by very strong chemical bonds....
, strain energy is released when the constituent atoms are allowed to rearrange themselves in a chemical reaction
Chemical reaction

A chemical reaction is a process that always results in the interconversion of chemical substances. The substance or substances initially involved in a chemical reaction are called reactants....
 or a change of chemical conformation in a way that:

are reduced . The external work done on an elastic member in causing it to distort from its unstressed state is transformed into strain energy which is a form of potential energy. The strain energy in the form of elastic deformation is mostly recoverable in the form of mechanical work.

For example, the heat of combustion
Heat of combustion

The heat of combustion is the energy released as heat when one mol of a compound undergoes complete combustion with oxygen. The chemical reaction is typically a hydrocarbon reacting with oxygen to form carbon dioxide, water and heat....
 of cyclopropane
Cyclopropane

Cyclopropane is a cycloalkane molecule with the molecular formula C3H6, consisting of three carbon atoms linked to each other to form a ring, with each carbon atom bearing two hydrogen atoms....
 (696 kJ/mol) is higher than that of propane
Propane

Propane is a three-carbon alkane, normally a gas, but compressible to a transportable liquid. It is derived from other petroleum products during oil or natural gas processing....
 (657 kJ/mol) per methylene
Methylene

Methylene is the chemical species, R2C:, named after methane, in which two of the carbon atom's valence electrons form no bonds. The word is applicable to:...
 unit.






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Encyclopedia


In a molecule
Molecule

In chemistry, a molecule is defined as a sufficiently stable, electric charge neutral group of at least two atoms in a definite arrangement held together by very strong chemical bonds....
, strain energy is released when the constituent atoms are allowed to rearrange themselves in a chemical reaction
Chemical reaction

A chemical reaction is a process that always results in the interconversion of chemical substances. The substance or substances initially involved in a chemical reaction are called reactants....
 or a change of chemical conformation in a way that:

  • angle strain
    Angle strain

    The presence of angle strain in a molecule indicates that in a specific chemical conformation there exist bond angles that deviate from the ideal bond angles required to achieve maximum bond strength....
    ,
  • torsional strain,
  • ring strain
    Ring strain

    Ring strain is an organic chemistry term that describes the destabilization of a cyclic molecule?such as a cycloalkane?due to the non-favorable high energy Molecular geometry of its atoms....
     and/or steric strain,
  • Allylic strain
    Allylic strain

    Allylic strain or 1,3-allylic strain in organic chemistry and its associated strain energy results from an unfavorable molecular conformation for the allyl group....
    , and
  • pentane interference
    Pentane interference

    Pentane interference or syn-pentane interaction is the steric hindrance that the two terminal methyl groups experience in one of the chemical conformations of n-pentane....
are reduced . The external work done on an elastic member in causing it to distort from its unstressed state is transformed into strain energy which is a form of potential energy. The strain energy in the form of elastic deformation is mostly recoverable in the form of mechanical work.

For example, the heat of combustion
Heat of combustion

The heat of combustion is the energy released as heat when one mol of a compound undergoes complete combustion with oxygen. The chemical reaction is typically a hydrocarbon reacting with oxygen to form carbon dioxide, water and heat....
 of cyclopropane
Cyclopropane

Cyclopropane is a cycloalkane molecule with the molecular formula C3H6, consisting of three carbon atoms linked to each other to form a ring, with each carbon atom bearing two hydrogen atoms....
 (696 kJ/mol) is higher than that of propane
Propane

Propane is a three-carbon alkane, normally a gas, but compressible to a transportable liquid. It is derived from other petroleum products during oil or natural gas processing....
 (657 kJ/mol) per methylene
Methylene

Methylene is the chemical species, R2C:, named after methane, in which two of the carbon atom's valence electrons form no bonds. The word is applicable to:...
 unit. Compounds with unusually large strain energy include tetrahedrane
Tetrahedrane

Tetrahedrane is a platonic hydrocarbon with chemical formula 44 and a tetrahedron structure. Extreme angle strain prevents this molecule from forming outside of man-made production....
s, propellane
Propellane

Propellanes are a class of bicyclic molecule organic compounds sharing a common carbon-carbon bond. They are characterized by the presence of carbon with an inverted tetrahedral geometry, large steric strain and high reactivity and are for these reasons much studied in organic chemistry....
s, cubane
Cubane

Cubane is a synthetic hydrocarbon molecule that consists of eight carbon atoms arranged at the corners of a Cube , with one hydrogen atom attached to each carbon atom....
s, fenestrane
Fenestrane

A fenestrane in organic chemistry is a type of chemical compound with a central quaternary carbon atom which serves as a common vertex for four fused compound carbocycles....
s and cyclophane
Cyclophane

A cyclophane is a hydrocarbon consisting of an aromatic unit and an aliphatic Chain that forms a bridge between two non-adjacent positions of the aromatic ring....
s.