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Stellaria

Stellaria

Overview
Stellaria is a genus
Genus
In biology, a genus is a taxonomic unit used in the classification of living and fossil organisms. The term comes from Latin genus "descent, family, type, gender" , cognate with – genos, "race, stock, kin" ..In addition, genus is a taxonomic rank in the hierarchy In biology, a genus (plural:...

 of about 90-120 species flowering plant
Flowering plant
The flowering plants or angiosperms are the most diverse group of land plants. The flowering plants and the gymnosperms are the only extant groups of seed plants...

s in the family
Family (biology)
In biological classification, family is* a taxonomic rank. Other well-known ranks are life, domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, genus, and species, with family fitting between order and genus...

 Caryophyllaceae
Caryophyllaceae
The Caryophyllaceae, commonly called the pink family or carnation family, is a family of flowering plants. The species are dicotyledons included in the order Caryophyllales. It is a large family, with 88 genera and some 2,000 species....

, with a cosmopolitan distribution
Cosmopolitan distribution
In biogeography, cosmopolitan distribution is a state of being found almost anywhere around the world. A cosmopolitan biological category, e.g. genus, may be called a cosmopolite.Examples of cosmopolitan species:* Humans* House dust mite...

. Common names include stitchwort and chickweed.

Chickweeds are used as food plants by the larva
Larva
A larva is a young form of animal with indirect development, going through or undergoing metamorphosis ....

e of some Lepidoptera
Lepidoptera
Lepidoptera is an order of insects that includes moths and butterflies. It is one of the most speciose orders in the class Insecta, encompassing moths and the three superfamilies of butterflies, skipper butterflies, and moth-butterflies...

 species including Angle Shades
Angle Shades
The Angle Shades is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is a common and familiar European species and is often strongly migratory....

, Heart and Dart
Heart and Dart
The Heart and Dart is a moth of the family Noctuidae. A familiar moth to many, it is considered one of the most common of the European region....

, Riband Wave
Riband Wave
The Riband Wave is a moth of the family Geometridae. It is an abundant species in Europe, the Near East and North Africa, its distinctive outline familiar at lighted windows....

, Setaceous Hebrew Character
Setaceous Hebrew Character
The Setaceous Hebrew Character is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is a common species throughout Europe.The forewings of this species are reddish brown with distinctive patterning towards the base: a black mark resembling the Hebrew letter Nun: Coleophora
Coleophora
Coleophora is a very large genus of moths of the family Coleophoridae with around 1000 described species. The genus is represented on all continents but the majority are found in the Nearctic and Palaearctic regions...

case-bearers C. coenosipennella (feeds exclusively on Stellaria spp), C. lineolea (recorded on S. graminea), C.
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Encyclopedia
Stellaria is a genus
Genus
In biology, a genus is a taxonomic unit used in the classification of living and fossil organisms. The term comes from Latin genus "descent, family, type, gender" , cognate with – genos, "race, stock, kin" ..In addition, genus is a taxonomic rank in the hierarchy In biology, a genus (plural:...

 of about 90-120 species flowering plant
Flowering plant
The flowering plants or angiosperms are the most diverse group of land plants. The flowering plants and the gymnosperms are the only extant groups of seed plants...

s in the family
Family (biology)
In biological classification, family is* a taxonomic rank. Other well-known ranks are life, domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, genus, and species, with family fitting between order and genus...

 Caryophyllaceae
Caryophyllaceae
The Caryophyllaceae, commonly called the pink family or carnation family, is a family of flowering plants. The species are dicotyledons included in the order Caryophyllales. It is a large family, with 88 genera and some 2,000 species....

, with a cosmopolitan distribution
Cosmopolitan distribution
In biogeography, cosmopolitan distribution is a state of being found almost anywhere around the world. A cosmopolitan biological category, e.g. genus, may be called a cosmopolite.Examples of cosmopolitan species:* Humans* House dust mite...

. Common names include stitchwort and chickweed.

Food use


Chickweeds are used as food plants by the larva
Larva
A larva is a young form of animal with indirect development, going through or undergoing metamorphosis ....

e of some Lepidoptera
Lepidoptera
Lepidoptera is an order of insects that includes moths and butterflies. It is one of the most speciose orders in the class Insecta, encompassing moths and the three superfamilies of butterflies, skipper butterflies, and moth-butterflies...

 species including Angle Shades
Angle Shades
The Angle Shades is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is a common and familiar European species and is often strongly migratory....

, Heart and Dart
Heart and Dart
The Heart and Dart is a moth of the family Noctuidae. A familiar moth to many, it is considered one of the most common of the European region....

, Riband Wave
Riband Wave
The Riband Wave is a moth of the family Geometridae. It is an abundant species in Europe, the Near East and North Africa, its distinctive outline familiar at lighted windows....

, Setaceous Hebrew Character
Setaceous Hebrew Character
The Setaceous Hebrew Character is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is a common species throughout Europe.The forewings of this species are reddish brown with distinctive patterning towards the base: a black mark resembling the Hebrew letter Nun: Coleophora
Coleophora
Coleophora is a very large genus of moths of the family Coleophoridae with around 1000 described species. The genus is represented on all continents but the majority are found in the Nearctic and Palaearctic regions...

case-bearers C. coenosipennella (feeds exclusively on Stellaria spp), C. lineolea (recorded on S. graminea), C. lithargyrinella (recorded on S. holostea), C. solitariella (feeds exclusively on S. holostea) and C. striatipennella.

Uses


Some species, including Stellaria media, are used as leaf vegetable
Leaf vegetable
Leaf vegetables, also called potherbs, green vegetables, greens, or leafy greens, are plant leaves eaten as a vegetable, sometimes accompanied by tender petioles and shoots...

s, often raw in salad
Salad
Salad is any of a wide variety of dishes including: green salads; vegetable salads; salads of pasta, legumes, or grains; mixed salads incorporating meat, poultry, or seafood; and fruit salads. They include a mixture of cold or hot foods, often including raw vegetables and/or fruits.Green salads...

s.

Stellaria media is widespread in North America from the Brooks Range
Brooks Range
The Brooks Range is a mountain range that stretches from west to east across northern Alaska and into Canada's Yukon Territory, a total distance of about 1100 km . The mountains top out at over 2,700 m . Mount Chamberlin, 9020 ft , is the highest peak in the range...

 in Alaska to all points south within North America. There are several closely related plants referred to as chickweed, but which lack the culinary and medicinal properties of plants in the genus Stellaria. Plants in the genus Cerastium are very similar in appearance to Stellaria and are in the same family (Carophyllaceae). Stellaria media can be easily distinguished from all other members of this family by examining the stems. Stellaria has fine hairs on only one side of the stem in a single band. Other members of the family Carophyllaceae which resemble Stellaria have hairs uniformly covering the entire stem.
This is a favored food of finches and many other seed-eating birds.

Selected species


  • Stellaria abortiva
  • Stellaria alaschanica
  • Stellaria alaskana
  • Stellaria alsine
  • Stellaria amblyosepala
  • Stellaria americana
  • Stellaria arenarioides
  • Stellaria arisanensis
  • Stellaria aquaticum - Water Chickweed
  • Stellaria axillaris
  • Stellaria bistyla
  • Stellaria borealis
  • Stellaria brachypetala
  • Stellaria bungeana
  • Stellaria calycantha
  • Stellaria cherleriae
  • Stellaria chinensis
  • Stellaria ciliatisepala
  • Stellaria congestiflora
  • Stellaria corei
  • Stellaria crassifolia
    Stellaria crassifolia
    Stellaria crassifolia is a plant of the stellaria genus and found in Iceland. Its common Icelandish name is "Stjörnuarfi" ....

  • Stellaria crassipes
  • Stellaria crispa
  • Stellaria cuspidata
  • Stellaria decumbens
  • Stellaria delavayi
  • Stellaria depressa
  • Stellaria dianthifolia
  • Stellaria dichotoma
  • Stellaria dicranoides
  • Stellaria discolor
  • Stellaria ebracteata
  • Stellaria fennica
  • Stellaria filicaulis
  • Stellaria fontinalis
  • Stellaria graminea
    Stellaria graminea
    Stellaria graminea, commonly known as grasslike starwort, or lesser stitchwort is a plant species of the genus Stellaria native to Eurasia and introduced to North America....

    - Lesser Stitchwort
  • Stellaria gyangtseensis
  • Stellaria gyirongensis
  • Stellaria henryi
  • Stellaria holostea
    Stellaria holostea
    Stellaria holostea is an ornamental plant native of Europe.It can grow up to 50cm in height, with leaves that are long, narrow and fresh green. The flowers are white, 20-30mm across and have five distinctive petals split to about half way down.-External links:**...

    - Greater Stitchwort
  • Stellaria humifusa
    Stellaria humifusa
    Stellaria humifusa or Saltmarsh Starwort is known in Iceland as "Lágarfi" , and grows only in beach areas....

    - Saltmarsh Starwort
  • Stellaria imbricata
  • Stellaria infracta
  • Stellaria irrigua
  • Stellaria lanata
  • Stellaria lanipes
  • Stellaria littoralis
  • Stellaria longifolia
  • Stellaria longipes - Long-stalk Starwort
  • Stellaria mainlingensis
  • Stellaria martjanovii
  • Stellaria media - Common Chickweed
  • Stellaria monosperma
  • Stellaria neglecta - Greater Chickweed
  • Stellaria nemorum - Wood Stitchwort
  • Stellaria nepalensis
  • Stellaria nipponica
  • Stellaria nitens
  • Stellaria obtusa
  • Stellaria omeiensis
  • Stellaria ovatifolia
  • Stellaria oxycoccoides
  • Stellaria pallida - Lesser Chickweed
  • Stellaria palustris - Marsh Stitchwort
  • Stellaria parva
  • Stellaria parviumbellata
  • Stellaria patens
  • Stellaria petiolaris
  • Stellaria petraea
  • Stellaria pilosoides
  • Stellaria porsildii
  • Stellaria pubera
    Stellaria pubera
    Stellaria pubera is a wildflower found in the eastern United States and the Great Smokey Mountains....

    - Star Chickweed
  • Stellaria pusilla
  • Stellaria radians
  • Stellaria reticulivena
  • Stellaria rotundifolia
  • Stellaria ruscifolia
  • Stellaria salicifolia
  • Stellaria soongorica
  • Stellaria souliei
  • Stellaria stenopetala
  • Stellaria strongylosepala
  • Stellaria subumbellata
  • Stellaria tibetica
  • Stellaria uda
  • Stellaria uliginosa - Bog Stitchwort
  • Stellaria umbellata
  • Stellaria vestita
  • Stellaria winkleri
  • Stellaria wushanensis
  • Stellaria yunnanensis
  • Stellaria zangnanensis